中考英语--名词讲解课件.pptx

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1、词性详解-名词,中考英语语法,noun,English Grammar,一、中考考查重点二、考查重点讲解,可数名词与不可数名词名词的数名词所有格名词的句法功能,名 词,名 词,英语语法词性详解 一 名词, 一、什么是“名词” 及名词的分类,二、可数名词的单数与复数,三、不可数名词, 四、名词所有格, 五、名词的句法功能,名 词,名 词,可数名词,普通名词,物质名词抽象名词,个体名词集体名词,不可数名词,名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。,（如：teacher，pen, student, desk）,（如： family, class，police ）,（如：tea,

2、 water, paper）,（如：news, love, peace）,专有名词,（如：Tom、China、 the United States),名 词,（一）名词的单数形式(1)一般可用a来修饰 a chair a pencil (2)在元音发音开头的单词前用 an (a,e,i,o,u) an ear an old man 请注意：a university student,（二）可数名词的复数形式,一般情况,以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾,以辅音字母+y 结尾,以辅音字母+o结尾,以f 或fe结尾的,加-s,加- es,加“es”,加“s”,变f或fe为v再加es,以元音字母+o结

3、尾,变y 为i 再加-es,直接加- s,以元音字母加y结尾,名 词,内部元音发生变化,词尾发生变化,个别名词单复同形,表示某国人时，中日不变，英法变，其他国家加s,名 词,（3）特殊情况 (1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：,clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，glasses(眼镜),(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：,news，maths，physics，politics,(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，如：,room(空间)a room(房间)work(工作)works(著作),名 词,特殊情况：（4）.元音字母发生变化：改a为

4、e man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 须注意：German(德国人) Germans 变元音字母oo为ee tooth teeth ; foot feet,（5）.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 (1)将中心词变为复数 girlfriend girlfriends grandchild grandchildren (2) man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数 a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers,名 词,名 词,例1

5、 下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：,1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen,2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes,3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. breads,4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies,5. A. leaves B. knives C. roofes D. shelves,6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths,

6、说出下列名词的复数形式,child foot tooth goose ox mouse man woman policemangentleman EnglishmanFrenchwoman,sheep fish deer JapaneseChinesepeople,GermanAmerican,childrenfeetteethgeeseoxen mice menwomenpolicemengentlemenEnglishmenFrenchwomen,sheepfishdeerJapaneseChinesepeople,GermansAmericans,可数名词练习,用括号内所给词的适当形式填

7、空。1.Most of the tourists on the coach are (German), and only two of them are (Japanese). 2.Those you admire veh are called (hero).3.Dickinsons poems are very popular with (read).4.The nurses in the hospital take good care of their (patient).5. The road to (succeed) is to work honestly.,Germans,Japan

8、ese,heroes,readers,patients,success,uncountable nouns,不可数名词 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，其前不用冠词a/an或数词，但可用some,any, a lot of, a little等修饰。 物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词 如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 特别记住： work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine,uncountable nouns,不可数名词：（前面不能

9、用a,an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：液体类:肉类:粉末类：抽象名词类：食物类:,water：juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffee,meat，beef, pork, mutton,food, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food ,tofu,bread,news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,housework, schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,price,不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条

10、）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind( 种、类) 度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤),我们可用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来量词来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数 -There is a piece of bread on the table.-Three cups of milk are on the desk.,注意：有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃

11、杯) paper(纸) a paper(报纸) work(工作) a work(著作) room(空间) a room(房间),不可数名词,记住: roof roofs , chef chefs , chief - chiefs,Exercises:1.把下面名词变为复数:City brushLeaf potato Tomato breadBroccoli milkbeef hair,cities,brushes,leaves,potatoes,tomatoes,bread,broccoli,milk,beef,hair,2. 翻译下面的词组:1.两杯咖啡2.四快面包3. 七袋大米4. 八只鹿

12、5.一滴水6.三个男孩,two cups of coffee,four pieces of bread,seven bags of rice,eight deer,a drop of water,three boys,不可数名词,名词的所有格,双重所有格,单重所有格,of所有格,s所有格,名词所有格 表示所属关系,名词的所有格,5.表示时间、距离的名词可以加s 或 构成所有格形式,1.一般在有生命名词后加 s 构成。,2.若以S结尾复数名词，则在S后加若不是以S结尾复数名词，则加s,3.表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后加s.,4.表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个都加s.,6.表示某人的家

13、、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词,at my uncles = at my uncles home,名词的所有格,2.表示无生命事物的所有关系：,a map of China the name of the filmthe cover of the book,电影的名字,中国地图,书的封面,一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格：,2)名词+of+ 名词性物主代词,1)名词+of +名词所有格: a friend of Jacks,3.名词的双重所有格:就是指同时既使用 -s 所有格又使用 of 所有格。,a friend of hers,a photo of Mr Smithsa

14、photo of Mr Smith,史密斯先生收藏的一张照片,史密斯先生照的一张照片,名词的所有格,名词的所有格,my teachers officestudents exercise booksChildrens Daytodays newspaper15 minutes walk = a 15-minute walkto Toms = to Toms house,1 我老师的办公室2 学生们 的练习本3 儿童节4 今天的报纸5 十五分钟的路程6 到汤姆家去,名词的所有格 Practice,名词的所有格,7 广东的省会8 教室的门9 我父亲的一个朋友10 他的两个兄弟11 爱迪生的一些发明1

15、2 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)13 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟),the capital of Guangdong,the doors of the classroom,a friend of my father (s),two brothers of his,some inventions of Edisons,a picture of his brothers,a picture of his brother,名词的句法功能,1名词作主语,Physics is a new subject in Grade Two.My glasses are red. A new pai

16、r of pants is on the bed.Two pairs of pants are on the bed.,一些以s结尾的名词。如：maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；但a (this)pair of名词复数时，其主语是a(this)pair，故谓语动词应用单数形式。如：,名词的句法功能,(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时，应视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式。如：,Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.Her family are having su

17、pper now.,Twenty dollars is enough. Three months is a short time.,(3)family，class，police等作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数；当表示其中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：,名词的句法功能,(4)主语后跟with，except，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致，而不受这些短语的影响。如Mr Li with his students is discussing the math problem.All the girls except M

18、ary are drawing in the classroom.,名词的句法功能,2名词作定语,There is one toy factory in the city.There are two toy factories in the city.,(1)名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如：,(2)woman, man 做定语修饰名词时，若所修饰的名词是单数，则man 和woman用单数。若所修饰的名词是复数，则man 和woman用复数。如：,There is a woman teacher.There are three women teachers.,pracise,1.-I joine

19、d our school art club last week. What about you? -I have been a of it since two years ago. A.member B.partner C.customer2.-Time past cannot be called back again. -Yes. Wasting time is a . A.choice B.shame C.pleasure D.gift3.Betty has a beautiful . She wants to be a singer in the future. A.voice B.lo

20、ok C.noise D.sound4. The traffic is not so heavy here on because most people are at school or at work. A.holidays B.weekdays C.weekends,A,B,A,B,pracise,5. the workersin this factory is about 600 and one fourth of them are workers. A. A number of ; them B.A number of; man C.The number of; men D.The n

21、umber of man6.There are few in the fidge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs7. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there. A.women; girls B.women; girl C.woman; girls D.woman; girl8. -International Womens Day is coming. Ill do something

22、for my teachers. Can you give me ? -OK. No problem! You can buy some flowers for . A.some advises; woman teachers B.some suggestion; women teachers C.some advice; women teachers D.any adivce; woman teachers,C,A,B,C,pracise,9. Are you sure this is a photo , the famous comedy actress? A.Jia Ling B.Jia

23、 Lings C.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Lings10. I read in newspapers that Shantou got the hosying right to the 2021 Asian Youth Games. A.today; China B.todays; China C.today; Chinas D. todays; Chinas11.The theme park is about ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A.two hour B. two hours C. two hours D.two hours,C,D,B,Thanks for watching,