XXXX年5月经济学人文章bdok.docx

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1、Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.2012年年5月经济济学人文章章（英汉双双语对照）汇汇集Conteents20122.05.26AA Souuth AAfriccan ccartooon: No jjoke 绝非玩笑笑120122.05.26OOnce in aa liffetimme 一生生一次220122.05.266Hommericc wissdom荷荷马式智慧慧620122.05.26BBanglladesshs toxiic poolitiics 毒毒雾弥漫的的孟加拉国国政治72

2、0122.05.266Thee feeelinggs mmutuaal 共同同的感觉1020122.05.26PPedalllingg proosperrity 中国经济济：一路骑骑行，繁华华似锦1320122.05.26TTriasssic larkk 嬉戏三三叠纪1820122.05.26AAzerbbaijaan annd Euuroviisionn 阿塞拜拜疆与欧洲洲歌唱大赛赛1920122.05.26Colllaterral mmanaggemennt: SSecurrity servvicess 资产抵抵押业务2220122.05.26Everryboddy waas kuung

3、ffu fiightiing 人人人都有功功夫2420122.05.19Worlld,heere wwe coome 世世界，该我我们大展拳拳脚了2620122.05.21Foreeigneers iin Chhina 外国人在在中国3020122.05.19The big engiine tthat coulldnt 力不从心心的大引擎擎3420122.05.19Duelllingg thee duoopoliies商用用飞机:与垄断二二强一较高高下4320122.05.19Counnty jjailss: Woorst casee 加州郡郡级监狱糟糟糕透顶4520122.05.18JP M

4、Morgaan & Spaiin: CConfiidencce gaame 摩摩根大通和和西班牙痛痛苦4620122.05.15TTRANSSLATOOR INN THEE SPOOTLIGGHT 聚聚光灯下的的译者4820122.05.12AAviattion in CChinaa:Soaaringg ambbitioon 凌云云壮志4920122.05.12TThe eeuro crissis希腊腊很可能退退出欧元区区5020122.05.12Amarrilloo Sliim 悼一一代赌侠5220122.05.12The econnomy: Uneequall paiin 美国国经济不平平

5、等的痛5420122.05.12Someethinng too wattch oover us 注注视着地球球的天眼5620122.05.12Grapphenee shoows iits ccolouurs 石石墨烯露出出真容5820122.05.12Turnning a liine 化化学元素周周期表将出出现新的一一行6020122.05.12Luxuury ggoodss in Chinna: RRidinng thhe giildedd tigger 中中国奢侈品品.6320122.05.05Posttal SServiice: Waitting for deliiveraance 美国

6、邮政政企盼改革革6420122.05.05Thatt dayy thaat chhangeed evverytthingg 改变一一切的日子子6620122.05.05Chinnese carmmakerrs 中国国汽车制造造商：初级级阶段6920122.05.05A tiiltedd plaayingg fieeld 现现任总统在在大选中的的优势7320122.05.05Privvate spacce fllightt: Sttar ttruckk 民营航航天时代即即将来临7620122.05.05GGoingg forr groowth, butt howw? 到底底如何实现现增长？782

7、0122.05.05PPayinng whhat yyou wwant: Connscieence v coommerrce 当当良心遭遇遇私利8120122.05.05Keepp on trucckin驾剑长飞飞八亿里，遥遥看银河九九重天8320122.05.05Nucllear-poweered cropps 经过过核改造的的农作物8620122.05.26AA Souuth AAfriccan ccartooon: No jjoke 绝非玩笑笑【导读】：一幅南非非总统祖玛玛的肖像画画在约翰内内斯堡美术术馆展出，由由于画中祖祖玛的私处处暴露，该该画疯传，引引发总统支支持者的强强烈抗议。A

8、Soouth Afriican carttoon 引发南非非举国关注注的一幅讽讽刺画Noo jokke 绝非玩笑笑A caartooon off Preesideent JJacobb Zumma haas prrovokked aa stoorm oof ouutragge关于南南非总统雅雅克比祖玛的一一幅讽刺画画引发强烈烈不满Maay 266th 22012 | CAAPE TTOWN | frrom tthe pprintt ediitionnHARDDLY aanyonne woould havee heaard aaboutt Breett MMurraays satiiricaal

9、 poortraait oof Soouth Afriicass preesideent, Jacoob Zuuma, had the ruliing AAfriccan NNatioonal Conggresss (ANNC) nnot pput oout aa staatemeent oon Maay 177th eexpreessinng itts “ooutraage” overr thee “diisgusstingg” deepicttion of iits rreverred lleadeer annd deemandding its immeediatte reemovaal

10、frrom tthe JJohannnesbburg galllery wherre itt wass hunng annd frrom tthe wwebsiite oof thhe onnly nnewsppaperr thaat haad nooticeed itt. Whhen bboth refuused, thee parrty pprompptly appllied for a hiigh-ccourtt ordder tto foorce themm to do sso.南非非执政党非非洲国民大大会（ANNC）在5月17日发表表了一份声声明称，约约翰内斯堡堡美术馆展展出的一幅幅

11、“恶心”的肖像画画丑化了他他们备受尊尊敬的领导导人，对此此他们表示示“极度愤慨慨”并要求美美术馆马上上撤下这幅幅画。在声声明中他们们还要求唯唯一一家报报道该事件件的报纸把把肖像画从从网站上立立即撤下。要不是这这份声明，几几乎没人会会知道到布布雷特穆雷（Brrett Murrray）所所作的关于于南非总统统雅克比祖玛的这这幅讽刺画画。当上述述要求遭到到美术馆及及报纸的拒拒绝之后，非非洲国民大大会随即向向高等法院院提出申请请，要求法法院下令强强制执行。Thiss, off couurse, sennt thhousaands of SSouthh Afrricanns ruushinng too

12、thee intterneet too seee whaat thhe fuuss wwas aaboutt. Thhere theyy fouund aa carrtoonn of a fuully clotthed, besspecttacleed Mrr Zumma, vvirtuuallyy unrrecoggnisaable savee forr thee chaaractterisstic bumpp at the backk of his shavven hhead, in a heeroicc Lenninessque posee, buut wiith hhis ggenit

13、tals hangging out of hhis ttroussers. Sooon evvery newsspapeer inn thee lannd waas caarryiing tthe pportrrait, enttitleed “TThe SSpearr”. IIt prrompttly wwent viraal, eeven earnning its own pagee on Wikiipediia.正是是这份声明明引得成千千上万名南南非民众争争相上网一探究竟。他们看到到一幅肖像像画，画中中人物衣着着整齐，戴戴着一副眼眼镜，摆出出一幅列宁宁式的英雄雄站姿，但但生殖器却却露在了

14、裤裤子外面。要不是他他标志性的的后脑勺，几几乎认不出出来画中人人物就是总总统祖玛。不久，全全国所有的的报纸都刊刊登了这幅幅名为矛矛的讽刺刺画。这幅幅画很快便便传疯了，甚甚至在维基基百科上都都出现了专专属词条。In hhis aaffiddavitt, Mrr Zumma, wwho hhas ffour wivees, ttwo eex-wiives and somee 22 chilldrenn, arrguedd thaat thhe paaintiing cconsttitutted aa graave vviolaationn of his consstituutionnal rrig

15、htt to dignnity “as it ddepiccts mme wiith mmy prrivatte paarts showwing”. Hee fellt “ooffennded and viollatedd”, aas itt sugggestted hhe waas a “phiilanddererr, a womaaniseerann abuuser of ppowerr”. IIt allso, he ssaid, tarrnishhed tthe AANCss imaage aas a libeeratiion mmovemment.总统祖玛玛除了两位位前任配偶偶之外，

16、现现在有四个个妻子，大大概22个子女女。他在书书面陈述中中称，这幅幅画严重侵侵害了他受受宪法保护护的人格权权，“因为在画画中我的私私处露在了了外面”。他觉得得 “被冒犯犯，而且权权利受到侵侵害”，因为这这幅画暗示示他是一个个“玩弄女性性、花心及及滥用职权权的人”。他还说这这幅画玷污污了非洲国国民大会作作为解放运运动组织的的形象。TThe wwork, saiid Gwwede Manttashee, thhe ANNCs secrretarry-geeneraal, wwas rracisst, ssuggeestinng thhat “blacck peeoplee werre obbjec

17、tts annd innferiior tto whhitess.” ZZweliinzimma Vaavi, leadder oof thhe maain ttradee uniion ffederratioon, ssaid it ccouldd “onnly bbe thhe woork oof a veryy sicck miind, fulll of hatrred.” No whitte leeaderr, thhey ssaid, wouuld eever be pportrrayedd likke thhat. (In factt Billl Cllintoon, GGeorg

18、ge W. Bussh annd Sttepheen Haarperr, Caanadaas pprimee minnisteer, hhaveamonng ottherssbeeen deepictted nnakedd in abussive carttoonss.)南非非国民大会会总书记格格维德曼德谢（GGwedee Manntashhe）称这这幅画带有有种族主义义色彩，因因为它暗示示 “黑人只是被嘲嘲笑的对象象，而且低低白人一等等”。总工会会常务秘书书长瓦维（Zwelinzima Vavi）称可能“只有神智不清、脑中充满仇恨的人才能画出这种东西”。他们说白人领导从来不会被刻画成那种形象

19、。（实际上，包括比尔克林顿、乔治W布什及加拿大总理史蒂芬哈伯在内的一些白人领导人，他们都有过一丝不挂地出现在侮辱性漫画中的类似遭遇。）On May 22nd the Zuma painting was all but destroyed with red and black paint by two enraged supporters of the president. One of South Africas biggest churches, the Nazareth Baptist Church, has called for Mr Murray, a well-known anti-

20、apartheid campaigner, to be stoned to death.5月22日，两名愤怒的总统支持者用红色和黑色油漆几乎毁掉了那幅肖像画。该画的作者穆雷是著名的反种族隔离活动家，南非最大教派之一的拿撒勒浸信会（the Nazareth Baptist Church）要求石刑处死穆雷。20122.05.26OOnce in aa liffetimme 一生生一次导读：英女女皇伊丽莎莎白二世于于19522年登基，今今年满六十十周年，本本文把这次次的庆典和和19777年的二十十五周年庆庆典以及22002年年的五十周周年庆典加加以对比，讨讨论了这些些庆典反映映出的英国国国民心境境转

21、变。BBagehhot 白芝浩Onnce iin a lifeetimee 一生一次次Whatt thrree rroyall jubbileees reeveall aboout BBritaain通过过三次皇室室登基庆典典看英国MMay 226th 20122 | ffrom the prinnt edditioonBEFFORE Queeen Ellizabbeths Siilverr Jubbileee in 19777, thhe viillaggers of WWest Hoatthly in SSusseex weere pplaceed unnder secrret oobse

22、rrvatiion. A fiile wwas ddrawnn up, notting theiir viiews on tthe mmonarrchy, thee couuntryy andd thee imppendiing ccelebbratiions. Thee royyal ffamilly waas maarvelllouss butt theese ffestiivitiies hhad bbetteer noot coost ttoo mmuch, saiid onne viillagger, recoordedd as “Nurrse, femaale, 50”, expp

23、lainning: “Peeoplee aree nott in the moodd.”在19777年英女皇皇伊丽莎白白二世登基基二十五周周年庆典之之前，萨塞塞克斯地区区西霍斯利利村的村民民当了一回回被暗中观察察的目标。那次观察察结果被总总结成了一一份文件，其其中记录了了当时村民民对于皇室室、英国和和即将到来来的庆典的的看法。文文件中一位位“50岁的的女护士”指出，皇皇室棒极了了，但是庆庆典最好不不要花费过过巨，她对对此作了进进一步的说说明：“大家现在在没有庆贺贺的心情。”Westt Hoaathlyy wass relliablly moonarcchistt, thhe fiile rre

24、corrds, withh antti-reepubllicann senntimeent bboostted bby reecentt Ameericaan ellectiions (“Faancy haviing JJimmyy Carrter,” a villlagerr shuudderred). Butt stiill iits JJubillee eenthuusiassts ssoundded aa bitt bleeak. Werre duue a celeebrattion, saiid “MMale, 53”weve mmade it tto 19977 wwithoout

25、 aa nucclearr warr.据文件件记载，当当时的西霍霍斯利村是是君主制的的忠实拥护护者，受到到刚过去的的美国大选选影响，村村里反共和和制的情绪绪进一步高高涨（“想想让吉吉米卡特来管管理英国会会是什么样样子”，一位村村民边说边边打了个冷冷颤）。但但即使在这这样一个亲亲皇室的村村庄里，那那些登基庆庆典热衷分分子的话听听上去还是是有些沮丧丧。一位“553岁男子子”说，是时时候庆祝一一下了，我我们终于迎迎来了19977年，核核战争至今今还没发生生。Thee filles wwere commmissiionedd by Masss Obsservaationn, a privvate so

26、ciial-rreseaarch projject thatt hass stuudiedd thee Briitishh sinnce tthe 11930ss. Inn alll, 1007 vooluntteerss werre reecruiited to rrecorrd thhe Siilverr Jubbileee. Thheir diarries and notees, ttogetther withh commplemmentaary ffiless on the 20022 Gollden Jubiilee, noww forrm paart oof a vastt arc

27、chivee helld att Susssex Univversiity. On tthe eeve oof Quueen Elizzabetths Diammond Jubiileeto bbe maarkedd froom Juune 22nd tto 5tththhe arrchivves oofferr a rremarrkablly evvocattive glimmpse of tthe rrecennt paast.这这些调查的背后后策划者是是私人社会会研究项目目“大众观察察”。该项目目从20世纪30年代起起就开始研研究英国。在登基庆庆典二十五五周年时一一共有1007名志愿愿者

28、被招募募来记录这这一盛事。这些人的的日记和笔笔记，加上上20022年登基五五十周年时时的文件，完整地记录了当时的盛况，这些文件现保留在萨塞克斯大学庞大的档案库里。6月2日至5日将举行伊丽莎白二世登基六十周年庆典。在庆典前夕的今天，这些档案让我们一瞥不久前的过去，唤醒了我们的回忆。The 1977 files describe a country that was tired and riven by industrial conflict. Its people talked of feeling a bit lost, and yetfrom a distance of 35 yearsth

29、ey seem enviably grounded in a shared culture with deep roots. There was striking uniformity to their celebrations. Invited to have fun, people first grumbled then formed committees. It is remembered that at previous royal jubilees children were given commemorative mugs, prompting endless rows about

30、 paying for them. “The Vicar! He needs grinding up afresh, that one,” fumed a farmers wife in north Wiltshire, on learning that her Womens Institute branch must buy mugs. “Not that Im criticising him, of course,” she added hastily.1977年的文件描绘了一个被劳资纠纷搞得疲惫不堪、四分五裂的国家。国民们常在谈话中坦言自己感到有点迷茫，即使这样，从35年后的今天回头看，

31、当时的国民似乎实实在在地共享着一种根基深厚的文化，着实令人羡慕。他们在各处举办的庆典相似得惊人。受邀玩乐时，英国人首先会抱怨几句，然后组织委员会决定细节。记得在过去的几次登基庆典上，孩子们收到纪念马克杯，由此就这些杯子的资金来源引发了没完没了的争议。北威尔特郡一位农夫的妻子在得知自己所属的妇女协会分会必须购买马克杯时，怒气冲冲地抱怨道：“那个牧师！他真得清醒清醒了注1。”然后她又匆匆补上一句：“当然，我不是在批评他。”Celebrations in 1977 involved childrens foodsausage rolls and jelly, hot dogs and ice cre

32、amand beer for the grown-ups. There were violent sporting contests, from tugs-of-war to free-form football matches. To conquer reserve, fancy dress was worn, often involving men in womens clothing. From the West Midlands came news of an all-transvestite football game, with the laconic annotation: “a

33、ll ended up in the canal.”1977年的庆典上为孩子提供的食品有香肠卷、果冻、热狗和冰淇淋，而大人们则有啤酒，还有激烈的体育赛事，像是拔河和规则不限的足球赛。为了打破矜持，很多人奇装异服，通常是男扮女装。西米德兰兹郡报道了举办异装癖足球赛的新闻，新闻的脚注简单明了：“所有人最后都掉进沟里了。”London displayed both patriotic zeal (flag-draped pubs in Brick Lane, big street parties in Muswell Hill) and hostility (cheerless housing es

34、tates, slogans declaring “Stuff the Jubilee”).伦敦有的地方展示了爱国热情（布里克道的酒吧都挂满了国旗，穆斯维尔山则举行了盛大的街道聚会），另一些地方则显露了敌意（闷闷不乐的居民区，写着“让登基庆典见鬼去吧注2”的标语）。Scotland was a nation apart. A file reports “total apathy” in Croy. In Glasgow the anniversary was called “an English jubilee”. Snobs sneered along with Scots. At Eton

35、 College, a wooden Jubilee pyramid was smashed by old boys. At Oxford University, examinations were held on Jubilee Day, in a display of indifference.苏格兰的气氛则完全是天差地别。有一份文件报告说克罗瓦“完全漠不关心”。在格拉斯哥该庆典被称为“英格兰登基庆典”。一些自以为是之徒则和苏格兰人一起对庆典嗤之以鼻。在伊顿公学，几位校友一起砸碎了一个木制的登基庆典金字塔。为了表示对该庆典的冷淡态度，牛津大学在庆典日当天举行考试。The Silver Ju

36、bilee is not really about the monarchy, asserts a file from south Wiltshire: the day is about “people wanting a bit of fun”. A report from Wimbotsham in Norfolk, close to a royal estate at Sandringham, stands out for its focus on the queens 25 years on the throne. Locals held a service on the villag

37、e green, praying for the monarch in “happy togetherness” under dripping umbrellas before a tug-of-war, races and tea for 700.一份来自威尔特郡的文件认为二十五周年登基庆典其实和皇室关系不大，“人们是想要借机玩乐一下”。诺福克郡的温勃特山姆邻近皇室在桑德林汉姆的府邸。据文件报告那里的庆祝活动把重心放在了女皇在位25年的历史上，和其它地方的庆祝大不一样。当地人在村子草地上举行了礼拜，在滴着水的雨伞下祈祷皇室“快乐团圆”。接下来呢？他们举办了拔河、赛跑和供700人享用的茶会。B

38、y 2002 and the Golden Jubilee, Britain comes across as a busier, lonelier, more cynical place. The royal family was “just showbiz”, sniffed a diarist from Sussex. There is angry talk of Princess Diana and how her 1997 death was mishandled by the queen. There are fewer street parties than in 1977, al

39、l agree. This is variously blamed on apathy, the authorities (whose job it is to organise events, apparently) and above all on health-and-safety rules. In 1977, in contrast, one Wiltshire village cheerfully let a “pyromaniac” doctor take Jubilee fireworks home to add extra bangs.到2002年五十周年登基庆典时，英国给人

40、的感觉更为繁忙，更为孤独，也更为愤世嫉俗。萨塞克斯的一位日记作者轻蔑地表示皇室“只是演艺行当”罢了。民间仍然气愤地谈论着已故的戴安娜王妃以及女皇对她1997年过世事件的不当处理。所有人都承认街道上的聚会比1977年来得少。关于这种情况有各种解释，包括民众的漠不关心、政府当局（说到底，他们是负责组织活动的），以及最重要的一点，就是健康安全法规。相比之下，1977年威尔特郡有一个村子就快乐地让一位“烟火狂热”医生把庆典烟火带回家继续点放庆祝。The 2012 Jubilee finds Britain changed again. Diamond jubilees being rare (the

41、last was achieved by Queen Victoria in 1897), the queen is firmly at the centre of the celebrations. Local councils have received more than 8,000 applications to close roads for street parties, suggesting that 2002s passivity is fading. The country is not returning to 1977 and its home-made fancy-dr

42、ess costumes or Coronation bunting dug out of attics. Todays shops heave with Jubilee cakes, disposable decorations and flag-emblazoned baubles, letting consumers buy patriotism out of a box.2012年的登基庆典又一次见证了一个不一样的英国。登基六十周年实属罕见（上一位登基满60年的是1897年的维多利亚女皇）。因此这次女皇一定是所有庆典活动的焦点。各个地方市政委员会目前已收到超过8000份关闭道路，举办街

43、道聚会的申请。这表示2002年民众对皇室的冷淡态度正在好转。但英国并没有在回归1977年的情形，人们并没有把自制的奇装异服和加冕彩旗从阁楼里挖出来。今时今日的商店装满了登基庆典蛋糕，一次性的装饰品和印着国旗的彩球，消费者想要体现爱国情操可以直接买现成品。After 60 years on the throne, a jubilee about the queen 在位60年，女皇的盛会Visiting Wimbotsham, Bagehot is shown elaborate plans: cake-baking contests, pony rides, a teddy bears pic

44、nic, a sports day, a pensioners tea. But there will be no tug-of-war (people might hurt themselves) and the face painters have liability insurance. Still, the festivities will dwarf those seen in 2002, locals say. The monarchy endured a “big lull after Diana”, suggests David Long, the driving force

45、behind Wimbotshams Diamond Jubilee. As the queen grows older, she is “more highly thought of”. Linda Nixon, a Wimbotsham pensioner, credits Prince Williams royal wedding with reviving enthusiasm. Prince William and his brother Prince Harry are “like everyday people”, she says.在拜访温勃特山姆期间，笔者见证了非常详尽的庆祝

46、计划：烤蛋糕比赛、骑小马、泰迪熊野餐会、运动会、退休老人茶会、不过这次不会有拔河竞赛（可能会有人受伤），而绘脸师们现在可都是买了责任保险的。尽管如此，当地人觉得这次的庆祝活动还是会大大超过2002年的规模。该村登基六十周年庆典背后的推手大卫郎认为皇室在“戴安娜之后忍受了民望低迷的漫长时期”。随着女皇年纪增大，人民“越来越尊敬她”。该村另一位退休人士琳达尼克松则认为威廉王子的皇家婚礼重燃了人们对皇室的热情。她觉得威廉王子和他的弟弟哈利王子“就和普通老百姓一样”。In the Mass Observation Silver Jubilee files, critics grumble about

47、the monarchy costing too much or entrenching privilege. Supporters say the queen confers global prestige or offers a bulwark against constitutional meddling by politicians. In short, the debate is about the best way to organise society. In both Golden and Diamond Jubilee Britain, by contrast, the issue is whether the queen deserves to be respected, and whether the public can relate to her. In short, individualism is all.“大众观察”的二十五周年登基庆典文件记录着当时的批评者们对于皇室大肆开销，确立牢固的特权这两点甚是不满。而支持者们则认为女皇不仅在全球范围内带来威望，更是防止政客搅乱宪法的一道坚垒。简而言之，这场辩论的核心在于究竟什么才是最好的社会组织方式。相较之下，在五十周年和六十周年的庆典中，争论的中心转移到女皇是否值得