中考英语语法复习：非谓语动词.docx

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1、非谓语动词主编人： 单位： 修订人： 【复习目标】1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点与不同点。2.非谓语动词的用法。【导学过程】非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词），.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。一.谓语动词与非谓语动词（一）谓语动词与非谓语动词的相同点：（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden. They suggested building a garden.（2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him ve

2、ry well.（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）（4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League membe

3、rs.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）（二）非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点：（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（4）谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。(5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。二.非谓语动词的功能及用法：(一)不定式

4、的句法功能：作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do. 2、It takes sb.+some time+to do. 3、It+be+形容词+of sb+to do 4.It +be+形容词+for sb+to do.常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nic

5、e,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.Our plan is to finish the work on time.作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer等。如：The boy wants to go to school.He began to learn Frenc

6、h three years ago.如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.I really dont know what to do about it.作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, ord

7、er, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite等。The doctor told me not to take this medicine three times a day.Our teacher often asks us to speak English as much as possible.动词不定式在感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,和使役动词let,make等词后面作宾语补足语时常省去不定式符号to,另外在had bett

8、er后也不带to, help后可带to也可不带to,如：I hear him sing every night.Lets go to school together.Her mother makes her do her homework every evening.但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.-He was seen to cross the road.作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。I have many things to do.Do you have anything interesting to say

9、?The best time to come to China is autumn.作状语：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.right：To save money, he has tried every means.wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed

10、.right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.表程度：Its too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.作独立成分：To tell you the truth, I d

11、ont like the way he talked.不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。If you dont want to do it, you dont need to.不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.(二)动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1动名词的形式： Ving 否定式：not + 动名词（1）一般式：Seeing is believing. （2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited （3）完成式：

12、We remembered having seen the film. （4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.（5）否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.2动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语： Re

13、ading aloud is very helpful.。 Collecting stamps is interesting.Its no use quarrelling. （2）作表语： In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.（3）作宾语： They havent finished building the dam. We have to prevent the air from being polluted.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： We

14、 found it no good making fun of others. 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be

15、 fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like（4）作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school?（5）作同位语：The cave,his hiding-p

16、lace is secret.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged（三）现在分词： 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 1、现在分词的形式： 否定式：not + 现在分词（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发 生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。Having done his homework,

17、 he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2现在分词的句法功能： （1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语一、

18、 放在名词后。二、 In the following years he worked even harder.三、 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。四、 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.五、 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。六、 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the t

19、eacher.（2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, list

20、en to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。（4）现在分词作状语：作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团

21、员，他经常帮助他人。作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作条件状语：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it c

22、leared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With th

23、e lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。作独立成分：Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。（四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those selected as committee members will attend

24、 the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。 过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2过去分词作表语：The window is broken. 窗户破了。They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）he window was broken by the boy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的

25、，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work do

26、ne, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Though told of the danger, he still ris

27、ked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。一、自主复习试着做下列题，不会的，快速阅读所给教材相关部分，继续完成。1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make2. John was made _

28、 the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing3.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating4I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try

29、 going5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited6. At least 300 million people are using QQ_ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.A. createB. creates C. creatingD. created7. English is very important,so I practice_it very hard.A.spea

30、ksB.to speakC.speakingD.speak8.As teenagers, were old enough _ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. Helped D. Helps9.Would you mind my _ here?-Sorry, youd better not.A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D.smokes10. The old man is ill

31、 and he doesnt feel like _.A. to eat something B. to eat anything C. eating something D. eating anything二、合作学习（由前后4人组成的大组内合作：把你的答案说出来与同学交流，不同意见进行讨论，小组内达成共识，并将你的困惑提出来让同学帮助解决或求助老师）。【在学生学习过程中，教师巡视，了解学情，都会做的题不用再一个一个的提问，提问意见不一致的题】三、展示交流（教师组织提问，4人小组派代表发言，向全班展示交流学习成果，小组间进行互评纠错、补充）四互讲巩固（2人小组分别将上述问题答案的原因复述一遍

32、，同位之间进行互讲）。【精讲点拨】根据学情确定所讲内容，重点讲那些学生讨论交流后还弄不明白的问题以及需要拓展的知识【中考链接】11. Would you like to go fishing with me?-I dont feel like it. I would rather _ at home and have a sleep.A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed12.The young man used to _ to work, but he is used to _ to work now. A. drive; walking B. dro

33、ve; walked C. drive; walks D. driving; walkWhy are you so worried?13.-I had my MP4 _ yesterday.A. steal B. stole C. stealing D. stolen 14.During the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home.A. go B. goes C. went D. going15.-_ did you tell him about the news?-By _ an e-mai

34、l.A. How; sending B. How; send C. How; sent D. What; sending16. -You arent a stranger, are you?-_, dont you remember _ me at the school gate ten minutes ago?A. Yes; to see B. No; seeing C. No; saw D. Yes; seeing17.The words that we should pay attention to _ on the blackboard.A. being written B. are

35、written C. is writing D. writing18.-What about hiking this Sunday?-Great. Id like with you.A. to go, going B. going, going C. going, to go【达标测评】（4人小组大组长组织评价，2人小组互改，大组长检查，组内交流、达成共识；各组代表与全班交流做题情况，教师讲评）。【拓展延伸】填空。先独立做，然后小组内交流。19. I dont know what to do when I grow up.-How about _ (工作) as a reporter for our newspaper?20. The first step towards _ (protect) the environment is to try to throw away less rubbish.21All the students know _ (hand) in homework on time is necessary.22.We have collected lots of waste paper and bottles for _ (回收) since last year.