英语新闻报道的结构讲稿.ppt

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1、关于英语新闻报道的结构关于英语新闻报道的结构第一页，讲稿共二十九页哦英语新闻报道的结构英语新闻报道的结构第二页，讲稿共二十九页哦I.IntroductionWhat is news?第三页，讲稿共二十九页哦1.News is a fresh report of events,facts,or opinions that1.News is a fresh report of events,facts,or opinions that people did not know before they read your story.people did not know before they re

2、ad your story.新闻就是针对人们读你的报道以前还不知道的事新闻就是针对人们读你的报道以前还不知道的事 件、事实或观点的一种全新报道。件、事实或观点的一种全新报道。2.News is anything timely that interests a number of 2.News is anything timely that interests a number of persons,and the best news is that which has the greatest persons,and the best news is that which has the gr

3、eatest interest of the greatest number.凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西,便是新便是新 闻。而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最闻。而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最 大兴趣的东西。第四页，讲稿共二十九页哦3.News is any event,idea or opinion that is timely,that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being underst

4、ood by them.新闻是指人们能及时获悉的事件、观点或见解，它能吸引或影响社会上的许多人，并能为他们所它能吸引或影响社会上的许多人，并能为他们所 理解。理解。4.News is the reporting of anything timely which has 4.News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance,use,or interest to aconsiderable number of importance,use,or interest to aconsiderable number of pers

5、ons in a publication audience.persons in a publication audience.新闻是对任何事物的及时报道，对于读者群体中新闻是对任何事物的及时报道，对于读者群体中 的许多人来说，这类报道具有重要性、实用性或的许多人来说，这类报道具有重要性、实用性或 趣味性。趣味性。第五页，讲稿共二十九页哦5.If a dog bites a man,it is not news;if a man bites a dog,its(big)news.狗咬人并非新闻，人咬狗才是（大）新闻。第六页，讲稿共二十九页哦News is an account of what

6、is happening around us.It may involve current events,new initiative or ongoing projects or issues.But news is not only about whats taking place of the day,it also concerns background analysis,opinions,human interest stories,etc.第七页，讲稿共二十九页哦A.Identify news categoriesthe nature of the reported events

7、1.hard news 2.soft news 第八页，讲稿共二十九页哦Hard news is how journalists refer to news of the day.It is a chronicle of current events/incidents and is the most common type of news printed on the front page of a typical newspaper.第九页，讲稿共二十九页哦硬新闻关系到国计民生以及人们切身利益 的新闻。包括党和国家的重大方针、政策的 制定和改变，时局变化，市场行情，股市涨 落，银根松紧，疾

8、病流行，天气变化，重大 灾难事故等等。这类新闻为人们的政治、经 济、工作、日常生活的决策提供依据。第十页，讲稿共二十九页哦Soft news is a term for all the news that isnt time-sensitive（时效性）,including profiles of people,programs or organizations,etc.第十一页，讲稿共二十九页哦软新闻：人情味较浓的社会新闻（社会花 边新闻、娱乐新闻、体育新闻、服务性新闻 等），形式上通俗，注重趣味性。它没有明 确的时间界定，多属于延缓性新闻，无时间 的紧迫性。它和人们的切身利益无多大关 系，

9、向受众提供娱乐、开阔眼界、增长知 识、陶冶情操。第十二页，讲稿共二十九页哦the content of the reported events e.g.economic news,political news.Sports news,entertainment news,technology news,obituary,etc.the region of the reported events e.g.international news,domestic news,local news,etc.第十三页，讲稿共二十九页哦the issuing medium of the reported e

10、vents e.g.print news,broadcast news,TV news,online news,etc.第十四页，讲稿共二十九页哦B.Identify news stylesThere are mainly four news styles which are(1)news reporting(消息报道)(2)feature(特写)(3)editorial(社论)(4)advertisement(广告)第十五页，讲稿共二十九页哦II.News StructureA.The lead Every hard news article starts with a lead the f

11、irst 1-2 sentences that summarize the most interesting point of the article.The lead should be brief yet catchy,giving the reader an instant sense of what the article is about and making him or her want to read more.第十六页，讲稿共二十九页哦新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一段文字，也是最重新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一段文字，也是最重要的部分，通常是标题的展开形式，记者必须把新闻时间的主

12、要情节用一两句化概括在新闻导语的第闻时间的主要情节用一两句化概括在新闻导语的第一段里。这是新闻报道的精华所在。按照新闻报道一段里。这是新闻报道的精华所在。按照新闻报道的要求，导语尽可能回答个和一个即的要求，导语尽可能回答个和一个即hat（何事）、（何事）、hoho（何人）、（何人）、herehere（何地）、（何地）、hyhy（为何）和（为何）和owow（如何）。这个观点曾被西方新闻（如何）。这个观点曾被西方新闻界视为金科玉律，但是由于新闻导语趋于愈来愈短，因此，新闻导语现在一般未必包含所有的新闻要素，而是突出其中最重要的新闻要素，其他要素要素，而是突出其中最重要的新闻要素，其他要素可放在以下

13、的段落。可放在以下的段落。第十七页，讲稿共二十九页哦 DENVER,Colorado(AP)A lightning strike at a golf course DENVER,Colorado(AP)A lightning strike at a golf course driving range Saturday killed a man and injured his 16-year-driving range Saturday killed a man and injured his 16-year-old son,a fire department spokeswoman saido

14、ld son,a fire department spokeswoman said WhenWhen Saturday Saturday WhereWhere At a golf course At a golf courseWhoWho A man and his son A man and his sonWhatWhat Lightning killed the man and injured his son第十八页，讲稿共二十九页哦NEW YORK(Reuters Health)Teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more in front of t

15、he television are at risk of developing sleeping problem later in life,new research reports.Who Who Teenagers Teenagers What What Teenagers may develop sleep problems Teenagers may develop sleep problemsWhen When Later in their life Later in their lifeHow Spending three hours or more in front of TVS

16、pending three hours or more in front of TV第十九页，讲稿共二十九页哦By EMMA ROSS,AP Medical Writer BANGKOK,Thailand-Asias bird flu death toll rose to 12 with the announcement Monday of two additional deaths,while China said it suspected the virus has reached poultry in one of its most remote cornersWhen When Mon

17、day,Monday,Where Where Thailand ThailandWhat What Bird flu death toll rose to 12 Bird flu death toll rose to 12Who Thailand and China Thailand and China第二十页，讲稿共二十九页哦In a soft news story,however,the lead should present the subject of the story by allusion(暗示;引喻).This type of opening is somewhat liter

18、ary(文学的).Like a novelist(小说家),the role of the writer is to grab the attention of the reader.第二十一页，讲稿共二十九页哦B.The 5“Ws”and the H News articles,especially a hard news story,always include the essentialswho,what,where,when,why and how.Good news writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about an

19、y particular event in the first two or three paragraphs.第二十二页，讲稿共二十九页哦Who is involved?Who made a scientific discovery?Whos speaking at a forum?Who made the donation?Who organized the new staff group?(Not just names,but titles and brief backgrounds if necessary.)第二十三页，讲稿共二十九页哦What is the nature of th

20、e news story or event?Is it about a scientific discovery,an economic conference,a delivered speech,a heavy flood or casualty in the Middle East?Where is the news or event taking place?When will(or did)the event take place?What time and date is the event,or when will someone be available for an inter

21、view if needed?第二十四页，讲稿共二十九页哦Why is the story newsworthy?Tell readers why they should care.Who will be affected by this news and how?In other words,what distinguishes the story or event from others?How usually describes the manner in which the action occurs.第二十五页，讲稿共二十九页哦C.“inverted pyramid”structur

22、eJournalism instructors usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid.This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story.Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most important information,then giving the next mo

23、st important information and so on.第二十六页，讲稿共二十九页哦The Inverted Pyramid Form第二十七页，讲稿共二十九页哦In other words,it is to present from the most important material to the least important and from general points to specific details.Many people read only the first few paragraphs of a story,so its important to start with the most vital information and add details future down.第二十八页，讲稿共二十九页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第二十九页，讲稿共二十九页哦