快速阅读技巧.ppt
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1、快速阅读技巧现在学习的是第1页,共61页快速阅读快速阅读文章及出题特点文章及出题特点注意事项注意事项题目要求题目要求解题步骤及方法解题步骤及方法阅读练习及要求阅读练习及要求现在学习的是第2页,共61页文章及出题特点文章及出题特点1.1000-1200字左右的文章和10道题(前7道为判断题,后3道为填空题),15分钟内完成;2.考察短时间内skimming(略读)和scanning(查读)的能力,即获取篇章主旨(通常为第一道题)和查询具体细节信息的能力,对于阅读速度有较高的要求,但对于阅读的深度要求则相对较低;3.根据样题和真题,文章篇章形式分含有小标题的(05样题,06.12真题,07.6真题
2、)和不含小标题的(06.6真题,07.12真题)。没有小标题的文章,难度上要低于有小标题的文章因为没有小标题的文章一般满足两大特点:第一、题文同序第二、每个题目存在特别明显的定位标志,以方便定位现在学习的是第3页,共61页4.判断正误题的第一题有可能会考对文章的整体把握。此题的设置与文章的大标题和小标题密切相关。5.判断正误题的第二题到第七题主要针对文中出现的细节事实设问,做题的关键是:捕捉题干关键词,定位在原文的位置。6.填空题的答案一般是文章出现的原词,但06.12.真题的No.8和No.9/07.12.真题的No.9出现了需要语法变换的情况。(分分析析:填空题部分不仅考查阅读能力,还考查
3、运用词汇和语法的能力。虽然绝大部分答案来自原文原词,个别时候也要对原文中的单词或结构做出部分改动,还需注意语态、时态、名词的单复数等问题。)7.题目的顺序和原文内容的顺序一一般般基基本本一致。(例外:05年样题No.7内容出现在最后;06.6真题No.7,8,9错位;07.6真题No.6和No.7错位,No.10则定位在全文首段。)现在学习的是第4页,共61页注意事项注意事项1.没有必要去关注那些对答题没有帮助的内容,了解文章中的每一个细节(时间不允许);更不能因为一个不知从何处冒出的难句或生词而彻底放慢速度,跟文章的细节内容纠缠不休,要敢于毅然决然地一掠而过,如果需要,可以在心中用合理性原则
4、推知它们的大致含义。2.对某个选项没有把握或把握不大,最好不要急于做出选择,先做好记号,待选项全做完后返回重新处理。切忌因为跟某一道题纠缠而无法按时完成做题。现在学习的是第5页,共61页3.做题要忠实原文,拒绝主观臆断。注意判断题的表示符号Y/N/NG,而不要想当然地认为是T/F,且要特别注意判断N和NG的原则。4.做填空题时,所填内容一定要符合整句话的语法规则。例 1:In developed countries,before toxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes,theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid_.wate
5、rpollution/pollutingwater不能写成pollutewater.现在学习的是第6页,共61页例2:When it comes to decision-making,one should make a quick choice without _.该题目的意思是“当提到做决定,人们应该作快速的选择而不 _.”很明显,第5个标题“Make up your mind”下的内容即为答案的方向。本段末句给出了做决定所要做的事“make a choice and dont look back”(做决定不要往回看)。要注意的是介词后面动词要适当变形,所以答案就是looking back.
6、现在学习的是第7页,共61页5.注意同义转换的题目,要学会识别。例:例:“People holding on to sad memories of the past will find it difficult to _.”该题目的意思是“不能把以前悲伤的记忆忘却,人们就会发现很难_.”考生在寻度时会发现文中有这样一句话:“Everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain.But from an emotional energy point of view,they are dead weights that keep us
7、 from moving forward.”(每个人的过去充满令其至今痛苦的悔恨,但是从精神能量的角度来说,这些悲伤的回忆只是累赘,阻碍我们前进。)两句话中颜色相对应部分便属于同义关系。答案是答案是 move forward现在学习的是第8页,共61页再比如:Even small changes people make in their lives can help increase their emotional energy.Youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.”现在学习的是第9页,共61页题目要求题
8、目要求Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutesto go over the passage quickly and answer thequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(for YES)if the statement agrees with theinformationgiveninthepassage;N(for NO)if the statement contradicts theinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the i
9、nformation is notgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.现在学习的是第10页,共61页07.12.的重大变化7个Y/N/NG的题目,变成了7个选择题目(分分析析预预测测:把Y/N/NG的题目替换成选择题,应该是四级考试委员会的一种尝试,相信以后的考试还是应该以回归样题为主。)Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogo over the passage quickly and answer
10、thequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A),B),C)and D).For questions 8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.现在学习的是第11页,共61页Y,N,NGY1、同义表达/原意转化;(例:)2、根据原文概括或归纳而成。(例:)GoGo现在学习的是第12页,共61页Y1【例】Americansgeneratetrashatanastonishin
11、grateoffourpoundsperdayperperson,whichtranslatesto600,000tonsperdayor210milliontonsperyear!This is almost twice as much trash perperson as most other major countries.Whathappenstothistrash?Somegetsrecycled(回收利用)or recovered and some is burned,but the majority is buried in landfills.(2005年样题No.2)Q:Mo
12、stofthetrashthatAmericansgenerateendsupinlandfills.(mostmajority;endsupisburied)现在学习的是第13页,共61页Y2【例】Infact,therateofsuicideinChinaisntoneofthehighestintheworld.Itishighbutitsnotattheveryhighestlevel.ThehighestlevelsareinRussia,intheEasternEuropeancountries,likeLatvia,Romania,and Hungary.(TOPWAY,Suic
13、ideProbleminChinaNo.1)Q:ThesuiciderateinChinaisnotashighasthat in Russia or some Eastern Europeancountries.现在学习的是第14页,共61页N原则:和原文的内容矛盾、相反或不符和原文的内容矛盾、相反或不符1、题目与原文直接相反(经常用反义词、not加同义词及反义结构);(例:)2、错误比较(原文存在比较的内容)(c.f.NG3);(例:)3、张冠李戴,造成信息错误;(例:)NG3、出现原文未提及或不清楚的关系(比较级、最高级关系或因果等逻辑关系)(例:)GoGoGoGo现在学习的是第15页,
14、共61页N1【例】A landfill isnot like a compost pile,where the purpose is to bury trash insuch a way that it will decomposequickly.(2005年样题No.4)Q:Landfillsarelikecompostpileinthattheyspeedupdecompositionoftheburiedtrash.现在学习的是第16页,共61页N2【例】Learningdoesntalwaysgosmoothly,forkidsandadultsalike,whichiswhyitsi
15、mportantforchildrentoseetheirparentsstrugglewithsomethingnew.(TOPWAY,SecretsofGrade-AParentsNo.6)Q:Learning usually goes more smoothlyforadultsthanforchildren.现在学习的是第17页,共61页NG3【例】Theprovingofclaimsmadeonproductlabelswasconsideredtobeofhigherimportancethanissuessuch as workers rights,corporate respo
16、nsibilityandlocalsourcing,becauseitisanissuethathasimpact on the consumer directly.(TOPWAY,VictoriaAimstoGainAdvantageinGlobalFoodMarketNo.5)Q:Amongalltheethicalissuesoffood,provingtheclaimsmadeonproductlabelswasconsideredtobeofhighestimportance.现在学习的是第18页,共61页N3【例】TheWorldWideWeb,anenormouscollecti
17、onofInternet addresses or sites,all of which can beaccessed for information,has been mainlyresponsible for the increase in interest in theInternet in the 1990s.Before the World WideWeb,the“Net”wascomparabletoanintegratedcollection of computerized typewriters,but theintroduction of the“Web”in 1990 al
18、lowed notonlytextlinkstobemadebutalsographs,imagesandevenvideo.(雅思真题)Q:The World Wide Web is a network ofcomputerizedtypewriters.现在学习的是第19页,共61页4、对原文内容或概念过分扩大或限制A、原文和题目提及情况出现增减(如:内容涉及范围和数量的增减)(both,and,or,also,manyVSonly,must,all)(c.f.NG1);(例:)B、原文的命题或观点在一定条件下成立(if,unless,ifnot,when或表限制性的从句或短语),题目舍弃
19、这些条件;(例:)C、改变原文频率、程度、可能性(certain,no,sometimes,usually,always,unlikely(不太可能),impossible(完全不可能);(例:)NG1、部分或全部信息缺失;(例:)GoGoGoGo现在学习的是第20页,共61页N4A【例】IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities.(2005年样题No.6)Q:In the United States the building oflandfills is t
20、he job of both federal andlocalgovernments.现在学习的是第21页,共61页NG1【例】1Dont try to sort a wine bottle into the wrong(garbage)bag!Thetrashpolicewillpunishyou.(TOPWAY,7 Things You Cant Say inCanadaNo.3)Q:Ifoneshouseholdgarbageisnotproperlysorted,he will be punished orevensentintoprison.(信息部分缺失)现在学习的是第22页,共6
21、1页NG1【例】2Filming the Empire State BuildingTheEmpireStateBuildinghasbeenthesettingforaround90films.Probablymostfamousoftheseisthe1933filmking Kong,inwhichthegiantapeclimbedtothetopofthetowerwiththe heroine in his grasp,although this was filmed using aminiature replica(微型复制品)of the skyscraper.Morerece
22、ntly it has featured in films such as Sleepless in Seattle(1993)andIndependence Day(1996);thelatterwastheonlyfilm to date in which this great symbol of American power,wealth,and durability has been completely destroyed!(TOPWAY,TheStoryofaSkyscraperNo.4)Q:Inordertocelebratethe30thbirthdayoftheEmpireS
23、tateBuilding,itshistoryhadbeenshotintoafilm.(信息全部缺失)现在学习的是第23页,共61页N4B【例】Because of the relative freedom ofaccess to information,the Internet hasoftenbeencriticizedbythemediaasapotentiallyhazardoustoolinthehandsofyoungcomputerusers.(雅思真题)Q:The media has often criticized theInternetbecauseitisdangero
24、us.现在学习的是第24页,共61页N4C【例】Aslastresort,organicfarmersmayapplycertainbotanical or other non-syntheticpesticides.(长喜英语P4)Q:Undernocircumstancesmayorganicfarmers use any pesticides,includingbotanicalpesticides.现在学习的是第25页,共61页5、原文为人们对某种事物的理论或感觉,题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明(不确定确定)(原文:theory,seem题目:fact,prove)(c.f.NG 4)
25、。(例:)NG4、题目是客观事实陈述,原文只是目标(aim)、目的(purpose)、愿望或誓言(promise,swear,vow)(题目通常会省略以上提及的词)(例:)GoGo现在学习的是第26页,共61页N5【例】Andtheywonderwhethersomeofthedeclineintherollsconsistsofanewlowerclass,thisonecomposedofpeoplesopoorthatthegovernmentno longer even knows they exist.(TOPWAY,WelfaresChangingFaceNo.7)Q:Critic
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