现在完成时讲解.ppt

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1、关于现在完成时讲解现在学习的是第1页，共48页上一页下一页主菜单现在学习的是第2页，共48页现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语及动词过去分词现在完成时的时间状语及动词过去分词短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较现在学习的是第3页，共48页Mother:John,clean your teeth please.John:Mum,I have have alreadyalready(已经已经已经

2、已经)cleaned)cleaned them.现在学习的是第4页，共48页 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页主语主语+have(has）+过去分词过去分词现在学习的是第5页，共48页例句：例句：Ihavealreadyhadlunch.Haveyouhadlunchyet?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Ihaventhadlunchyet.Hehasgonetothelibrary?他是去了图书馆。现在学习的是第6页，共48页现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.

3、疑问式：疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.现在学习的是第7页，共48页现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Are you free?-I have finished my homework.I am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单用

4、法用法1.表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。(与一般过去时对比，一般过去时强调的是发生在过去的动作而现在完成时强调的是现在的结果或影响。)现在学习的是第8页，共48页现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法 用法用法2.动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。Ihavelivedherefor3years.HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.现在学习的是第9页，共48页3.3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的过的经历经历.上一页下一页I have ever been to the Summer Palace?(我

5、曾我曾去过去过颐和园颐和园)Mary has gone to BeiJing with her mother(去了去了)I have never had a car.(我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单现在学习的是第10页，共48页现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语 常与常与already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to now,so far,for the last few weeks these days,since for a long time 连用连用上一页下一页主菜单现在学习的是第11页，共48页

6、12动词过去分词的变化规则动词过去分词的变化规则规则变化：一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：workedplayedwantedacted以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：livedmoveddecidedhoped 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：studiedtriedcopiedcried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stoppedbeggeddroppedplanned现在学习的是第12页，共48页13不规则变化AB型can-couldshall-shouldwill-wouldmay-mightAAA型c

7、ost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-putset-set-setshut-shut-shutread-read-readAAB型beat-beat-beatenABA型become-became-becomecome-came-comerun-ran-run现在学习的是第13页，共48页现在完成时标志词1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用。.现在学习的是第14页，共48页a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表

8、示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调调或加强语气；或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）Myteachershaventhadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？现在学习的是第15页，共48页2.yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Eg.Ihav

9、enthadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?现在学习的是第16页，共48页b）never是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever表示表示“曾经曾经”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？现在学习的是第17页，共48页c）just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动和动词过去分词之间）词过去分

10、词之间）Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。现在学习的是第18页，共48页现在完成时标志词1在表示“用法2”时，现在完成时常与与since+since+过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for+for+一段时间，一段时间，so so far far,up to now,up to now等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。现在学习的是第19页，共48页1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间一段时间现在学习的是第20页，共48页2

11、.since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.现在学习的是第21页，共48页since:(自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）

12、达）for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法的用法:Takenotes现在学习的是第22页，共48页注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.I have been here(ever)since I graduatedin2000.现在学习的是第23页，共48页注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyou

13、livedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?现在学习的是第24页，共48页短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换现在学习的是第25页，共48页leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonb

14、edeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe现在学习的是第26页，共48页短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段不能与时间段连用连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延续性延续性动词动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单现在学习的是第27页，共48页 become become b

15、e be,begin,begin havehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be here/there/inbe here/there/in，die die be be deaddead,finish,finish be overbe over,join join be in be in（be a member of be a member of ）leaveleave be away(from),be away(from),下一页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第28

16、页，共48页 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。与时间段连用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year.year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour.t come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单现在学习的是第29页，共48页 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五

17、年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.The old man has died for ten years.The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第30页，共48页 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.

18、我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He has come back for 3 days.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.He has come here since 6 oclock.He has been here since 6 oclock.I have left hometown for 10 years.I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第31页，共48页have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been t

19、o 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单现在学习的是第32页，共48页 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过

20、那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单现在学习的是第33页，共48页 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延一直

21、延续到现在等）续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只而一般过去时，则只讲讲述述发生在过去的动作和事情发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没与现在没有关系有关系。上一页下一页主菜单现在学习的是第34页，共48页四四)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间一段时间+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段时间一段时间+haspassed+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)Eg.Itis/hasbeenfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.现在学习的是第35页，共48页eg：He has bought

22、 an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has itstill has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有过去

23、他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单现在学习的是第36页，共48页二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时去时:上一页下一页eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过去事情的

24、从句总是与现在完成时连用。过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：They have known each other since 1950.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.主菜单现在学习的是第37页，共48页三常与一般过去时连用的典型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before yesterday(),the day before yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时

25、间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week.主菜单现在学习的是第38页，共48页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第39页，共48页动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?He _ i

26、t last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第40页，共48页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.

27、Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第41页，共48页选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 mi

28、nutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第42页，共48页用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at ho

29、me now.she _ the shop.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he _.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单现

30、在学习的是第43页，共48页改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单现在学习的是第44页，共48页

31、1.The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2.-_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have be

32、en B had been C was D will be4.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have met C met D meet 5.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning现在学习的是第45页，共48页6.-When will they le

33、ave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave7-Was he studying for an exam?-Yes,he was _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B wi

34、ll never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will be lasted D lasts现在学习的是第46页，共48页、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。我

35、哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8.自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away China for three years.现在学习的是第47页，共48页现在学习的是第48页，共48页