光电信息专业英语单词句子中英翻译(7页).docx

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1、-第 1 页光电信息专业英语单词句子中英翻译-第 2 页词汇Ray Optics 射线光学Refraction 折射Reflection 反射Indexof Refraction 折射率Optical spectrum光谱Dispersion 色散lens 透镜Total Internal Reflection 全内反射Prisms 棱 镜right isosceles triangles 正 等 腰 三 角 形Spherical refracting surface 球面折射面sign convention符号法则paraxial approximation近轴近似aberration 像差

2、chromatic aberration 色 差collimated平 行 的；使 平 行critical angle 临界角defect缺点，缺陷incident入 射 的inclination倾 斜 角；偏 向magnitude数量级virtual image 虚像Diffraction 衍射Interference 干涉aperture孔径complex exponential function复指数函数complex conjugate复共轭monochromatic单色的optical path difference 光程差polarization 偏振resonator谐 振 器谐

3、 振 器resolution分 辨 率Holography 全 息 术wavelength波长microscope显微镜显微镜beam splitter 分束器Rainbow holography彩虹全息术彩虹全息术Volume holograms体全息图体全息图Computer-generated holography计算机全息术Spatial Filtering空间滤波空间滤波gratings光栅光栅-第 3 页harmonicsinterferogram谐波干涉图谐波干涉图pupil function光 瞳 函 数光 瞳 函 数principal maxima主 极 大 值Mode Lo

4、cking波模锁定；振荡型同步Transverse modes横向模式横向模式Laser rangefinder激光测距仪激光测距仪navigation 导航Photodetector 光电检测器photomultiplier光电倍增管光电倍增管Photon 光子Optical Fiber Communication 光纤通信fiber纤维纤维Optical Loss 光学损失Group 集 体velocity 速 度nonlinearity非 线 性非 线 性anomalous-dispersion反常色散反常色散StimulatedRamanScattering受激拉曼散射受激拉曼散射Se

5、lf-Phase Modulation相位调制效应相位调制效应Cross-Phase Modulation交叉相位调制交叉相位调制bandwidth带宽带宽opticalswitches光开关光开关Photodetectors光电探测器光电探测器crystal晶体晶体Birefringence双折射双折射electron电子Mechanical and thermal strength机械和热强度机械和热强度surface 表面Bandgap能 带carrier concentration载 体 浓 度载 体 浓 度discharge放电photovoltaic 光伏Optical Thin

6、Film Technology光学薄膜技术光学薄膜技术Photolithography光刻光刻,biophotonics生物光子学,3DDisplayTechnology3 d 显示技术显示技术,InfraredDetectionTechnology红外探测技术红外探测技术-第 4 页exposure曝光曝光irradiation辐照辐照nanoparticle纳米颗粒纳米颗粒句子We treat light beams as rays that propagate along straight lines,except at interfacesbetween dissimilar mate

7、rials,where the rays may be bent or refracted.This approach,which had been assumed to be completely accurate before the discovery of the wavenature of light,leads to a great many useful results regarding lens optics and opticalinstruments.我们将光束处理为沿着直线传播的光线，除了在不同材料之间的界面处，其中光线可以被弯曲或折射。这种方法被认为在发现光的波特性之

8、前是完全准确的，导致产生许多关于透镜光学和光学仪器的有用结果。When a light ray strikes a smooth interface between two transparent media at an angle,it is refracted.当光线以一个角度撞击在两个透明介质之间的平滑界面时，其为折射。The refractive index of a given material is not independent of wavelength,butgenerally increases slightly with decreasing wavelength.给定材

9、料的折射率并非与波长无关，但通常随着波长减小而略微增加。A word of warning with regard to the signs in algebraic expression:Because of thesign convention adopted here,derivations based solely on geometry will notnecessarily result in the correct sign for a given term.There are two ways to correctthis defect.The first,to carry a

10、 minus sign before the symbol of each negativequantity,is too cumbersome and confusing for general use.Thus,we adopt the second,which is to go through the final formula and change the sign of each negative quantity.This procedure has already been adopted in connection with the“len”equation and isnec

11、essary,as noted,to make the formula algebraically correct.It is important,though,not to change the signs until the final step,lest some signs be altered twice.关于代数表达式中的符号的警告词：由于这里采用的符号法则，仅基于几何的导出不一定导致给定术语的正确符号。有两种方法来纠正此缺陷。第一，在每个负数量的符号之前携带减号，对于一般使用来说太麻烦和混乱。因此，我们采用第二个，即通过最后的公式，并改变每个负数量的符号。这个程序已经结合“len

12、”方程被采用，并且如上所述是必要的，以使公式在代数上是正确的。然而，重要的是，不要改变迹象，直到最后一步，以免一些迹象改变两次。When conditions are such that the light is incoherent,it is not possible to detectinterference effects.A discussion of wave optics is incomplete without considering theconditions that must exist for an interference experiment to be perf

13、ormed successfully.当条件使得光不相干时当条件使得光不相干时，不可能检测干涉效应不可能检测干涉效应。波光学的讨论是不完整波光学的讨论是不完整的，没有考虑必须存在的条件，以便干扰实验成功地执行。的，没有考虑必须存在的条件，以便干扰实验成功地执行。Light is a transverse,electromagnetic wave characterized by time-varying electric andmagnetic fields.The fields propagate hand in hand;it is usually sufficient to consid

14、ereither one and ignore the other.It is conventional to retain the electric field,largelybecause its interaction with matter is in most cases far stronger than that of themagnetic field.-第 5 页光是以时变的电场和磁场为特征的横向电磁波。在领域里携手共进;通常足以考虑一个而忽略另一个。通常保持电场，主要是因为其与物质的相互作用在大多数情况下远远强于磁场的相互作用。A transverse wave,like

15、the wave on a plucked string,vibrates at right angles to thedirection of propagation.Such a wave must be described with vector notation,because its vibration has a specific direction associated with it.For example,the wavemay vibrate horizontally,vertically,or in any other direction;or it may vibrat

16、e in acomplicated combination of horizontal and vertical oscillations.Such effects arecalled polarization effects.A wave that vibrates in a single plane(horizontal,forexample)is said to be plane polarized.横波，类似于拾取弦上的波，以与传播方向成直角振动。这样的波必须用矢量符号来描述，因为它的振动具有与其相关联的特定方向。例如，波可以水平地，垂直地或在任何其它方向上振动;或者其可以以水平和垂直

17、振荡的复杂组合振动。这种效应称为偏振效应。在单个平面（例如水平）中振动的波被称为平面偏振。Spectral filters are devices used to modify the(spectral)transmittance of an opticalsystem.They may be made of a homogeneous material with appropriate spectralabsorption characteristics,or use other optical phenomenon,such as multiple-beaminterference or

18、optical anisotropy,to effect the modification.光谱滤光器是用于修改光学系统的（光谱）透射率的装置。它们可以由具有适当光谱吸收特性的均匀材料制成，或者使用其它光学现象，例如多光束干涉或光学各向异性，以实现修改。The fifth generation of lightwave systems employs erbium-doped fiber amplifiers foramplifying the transmitted optical signal periodically to compensate for fiber loss.第五代光波系

19、统采用掺铒光纤放大器来周期性地放大传输的光信号第五代光波系统采用掺铒光纤放大器来周期性地放大传输的光信号，以以补偿光纤损耗。补偿光纤损耗。As optical media,crystals are much less popular than glasses for the obvious reasonthat they are far more difficult to manufacture in large size.Their use is invariablymotivated by the need for characteristics not readily obtainabl

20、e in glass.Amongthese characteristics are the following:(1)Spectral transmittance characteristicsextending beyond those obtainable with the usual glasses;(2)Special shape of thedispersion curve;(3)Birefringence,electro-,and magnetooptical characteristics;(4)Mechanical and thermal strength.作为光学介质，由于明

21、显的原因，晶体比玻璃更不受欢迎，因为它们在大尺寸下难以制造。它们的使用总是由对玻璃中不容易获得的特性的需要所驱动。这些特性如下：（1）超过用通常的玻璃获得的光谱透射率特性;（2）分散曲线的特殊形状;（3）双折射，电光和磁光特性;（4）机械和热强度。For these potential advantages to be realized,ways must be found to produce highlycompact components:(1)Optical waveguides whose cross-sectional dimensions areindeed of the ord

22、er of magnitude of an optical wavelength.(2)Light sources anddetectors of similar dimensions.(3)Light modulation and steering devices of a sizeconsistent with(1)and(2).为实现这些潜在优势,必须找到方法来产生高度紧凑的组件:(1)光波导的横截面尺寸数量级的确实是一个光学波长。(2)光源和探测器类似的维度。(3)光调制和操舵装置的大小与(1)-第 6 页和(2)一致。However,to obtain high efficienci

23、es,a low work function does not suffice;thecathode must be such that useful photoexitation can take place also within thematerial up to the depth of several tens of nanometers.然而然而，为了获得高效率为了获得高效率，低功函数不足低功函数不足;阴极必须使得有用的光激发也阴极必须使得有用的光激发也可以在材料内发生达到几十纳米的深度。可以在材料内发生达到几十纳米的深度。Photoconductive detectors fal

24、l into two major categories:(1)Homogeneous detectorswhere a carrier,freed anywhere inside the material is drawn out by an externallyapplied field.(2)Junction detectors,where the carriers are generated in theneighborhood of a p-n junction to be separated by an internally generated field.光电导检测器分为两个主要类

25、别：（1）均匀检测器，其中在材料内任何地方释放的载体由外部施加的场引出。（2）结检测器，其中载流子在 p-n 结附近产生以由内部产生的场分离。The thermal detectors respond due to a change in temperature which is a functionof the absorbed energy and independent of its wavelength;their spectral response isdetermined solely by their spectral absorptivity and is therefore

26、generally much moreuniform than that obtained with a simple photon detector.热检测器由于温度变化而响应，该温度变化是吸收能量的函数并且与其波长无关;它们的光谱响应仅由它们的光谱吸收率确定，因此通常比用简单的光子检测器获得的光谱响应更均匀。Optical thin films are widely used today in many diverse applications to controlthe way light is reflected,transmitted,or absorbed as a functio

27、n of wavelength.Theycan be grouped into two major categories based on the application.In the first,thelight travels parallel to the plane of the substrate with the films acting as wave guidesin the emerging field of integrated optics.Here light signals could replace electricalsignals in applications

28、 such as communications and computers.In the secondapplication,the light travels perpendicular to the film plane for use as antireflectioncoatings,edge filters,high efficiency mirrors,beam splitters,etc.光学薄膜目前在许多不同的应用中广泛使用，以控制光作为波长的函数被反射，透射或吸收的方式。根据应用，它们可以分为两大类。在第一种情况下，光平行于衬底的平面传播，其中膜用作集成光学器件的出射场中的波

29、导。这里，光信号可以替代诸如通信和计算机的应用中的电信号。在第二应用中，光垂直于膜平面行进，用作抗反射涂层，边缘滤光器，高效率反射镜，分束器等。The term“thin”is used to indicate a layer whose thickness(perpendicular to thesubstrate)is the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of interest,and the extent(parallel to the substrate)is a very large number of wavelengths.

30、Typical layers mightrange in thickness from 80nm in the visible to twenty times that in the infrared.Filtersare composed of a stack of such layers,alternating between high and low refractive-第 7 页indices,with typically 2040 layers,although in some cases they may have onehundred layers or more.Thin f

31、ilm filters operate by interference of the light reflectedfrom the various layers as the light passes through perpendicular to the substrate.术语“薄”用于表示其厚度（垂直于衬底）与感兴趣的波长具有相同数量级的层，并且（与衬底平行）的程度是非常大量的波长。典型的层的厚度可以在从可见光的 80nm 到红外的 20 倍的范围内。滤光器由这样的层的堆叠组成，在高折射率和低折射率之间交替，通常具有 2040 层，但是在一些情况下，它们可以具有一百层或更多层。当光垂

32、直于衬底通过时，薄膜滤波器通过从各个层反射的光的干涉来操作。Photolithography,or optical lithography is a process used in microfabrication toselectively remove parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate.It uses light totransfer a geometric pattern from a photo mask to a light-sensitive chemicalphotoresist,or simply resist,on the substrate.光刻或光学光刻是在微加工中使用以选择性地移除薄膜的一部分或基板的主体的工艺。它使用光将几何图案从光掩模转移到基底上的光敏化学光致抗蚀剂或简单地抗蚀剂。