初中英语阅读中生词词义的猜测(5页).doc

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1、-第 1 页初中英语阅读中生词词义的猜测-第 2 页初中英语阅读中生词词义的猜测剑阁县抄手附中母建文无论是精读还是泛读英语，总会遇到一些陌生的单词和短语，也涉及到猜测单词短语的意思，平时可以查词典得出确切的意思，但在考试时只能利用平时训练的猜词的方法。所以有必要介绍最常见的猜测词意的方法，或许下面的几种方法会对阅读理解中猜测词意有帮助。1.利用定义英语中，在陌生表达后面，通常有短语或者句子对其解释，我们可以利用它来推测陌生表达的意思。For example:.1 Lions are carnivores,any animal that eats meat.多数学生不知道的意思，但是同学们可以根

2、据 any animal that eats meat，知道其意思是“食肉动物”。2 Everyone has a growth spurt(高峰)during puberty.The age forstarting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys.But it canbe earlier or later-between 7and 13for girls and 15 for boys.根据The age for starting puberty is7and 13for girls and 9and15 for boy

3、s.我们可以知道该单词意思“生长发育期”。2.根据例子为了说明某一概念，作者常常采用举例的方式进行具体的说明，最常见的信号词有：special,for example(instance),that is,such as,especially,include,like,consist of 等等For example;1 Many United Nations employees are polyglots.Mr.Li,can speak six languages.根据 can speak six languages,我们可以知道其意思是“通晓多种语言者”。2 These foreigners

4、 have left form the aerodrome.That is the placethat their plane flies from.参考 That is the place that their plane fliesfrom，我们知道其意思“飞机场”。3.依照同义词或短语在英语中表同义的词主要有：or,and,in other words 等等For example:1 In this play,she wears a flimsy or thin summer dress-第 3 页根据 or thin summer dress，我们知道其意思是“轻薄的。2 The wo

5、man is wearing a pink smock or coat.根据 or coat，我们可知其意思是“外套”。4.参照反义词或短语英语中表反义的词汇常见的有：but,however,while,otherwise 等等。For example:1 Production peaked in January,however,was the lowestin December.根据 however,was the lowest in December 我们可知其意思“最低”。2 Toms coat is sordid,but Mikes coat is very clean.根据，我们可知

6、其意思是“肮脏的”5.通过描述性的短语或句子For example:1 The small town has many useful amenities,like a pub,a bank,a hospital,a school,a post office and so on.依据 like a pub,a bank,a hospital,a school,a post office and so on.我们可知其意思是“方便的设施”。2 Please get me a clop,Tom said,but his brother saw the tree andthen said there

7、werent eatable ones on the tree because theyre noneripe(成熟).根据 but his brother saw the tree and then said there werent eatable ones on the tree because theyre none ripe(成熟)，我们可知其意思是“可吃的果子”。6.联系常见构词法）词缀 在常见的单词前面或后面加上某些字母而构成一个新的词，根据构词法我们可知它们的意思。它分为前缀和后缀。最常见的前缀有：un-,dis-,il-,in-,im-表否定；mis-错误地；mini-微小的

8、例如：untrue 不真实 dishonest 不诚实 impossible 不可能 misspell 错误拼写 minibus 微型车最常见的后缀有：1 名词后缀：-er,-or,-ist ee 表人如：thinker,sailor,scientist-第 4 页 2 动词后缀：-ize,-en,-ify如：widen,modernize,beautify 3 形容词后缀：-ly,-ful,-less,-able,like如：useful,homeless,eatable,childlike 4 副词后缀：-ly,-wise 方向，样子，,-ward 朝如 backward clockwis

9、e(顺时钟方向的)合成将两个或以上的单词组成一个新的词 像 good-looking,high-class,hard-working,airsickbloodtest,handwriting,waterway)转化即同一个单词词形上不变，意思上发生变化，转为另一个意思如：book 书预定,map 地图绘制,fingers 手指抚摸7.通过上下文与前后的联系根据该单词所处的语境，运用推理及其他知识来推断出该单词的意思。For example:1 The old woman wore her spectators and began to readbooks.根据 and began to rea

10、d books，我们可以推测其意思是“眼镜”。2 A hibernating animal doesnt wake in winter.It usually sleeps inwinter.根据 It usually sleeps in winter 可以知道其意思是“冬眠”。实践应用（）1.That was how a good opportunity right under the nose of abeautiful girl ran away.A.就在鼻子下 B.想得到的C.就在眼前的（）2.Stuff a piece of dry cloth into the bottom of a

11、 glass so thatit will not fall out when the glass is turned down.A.填塞B 撕裂C取下()3.In fact,only about ninety ocelots,an endangered wild catexist in the USA.A 猫B 夜猫C 野猫（）4.The Toms have spent much money in appliances,for instance,computers,refrigerators,color TVs and washing-machines etc.A 电B 电器C 点读机（）5

12、.We managed to salvage or save a few pictures from the fire.A拯救B 调整C 浇水-第 5 页（）6.Mikes mother is a nannywoman whose job is to take careof the young children of two to six at school.A 阿姨B 护士C 保姆（）7.Li Mings always dawdling,but his sister is hurry.A 匆忙B 闲荡C 奢侈（）8.In the USA,therere no excuse for not doing your assignmentsbecause youre a student.A 课本 B 作业 C 成绩（）9.The snow hardened until ice was formed.A 困难 B 变硬 C 努力（）10.My neighbor is very unkind,because hes very bad.A 要好B 善良C 凶狠Keys:15CACBA610CBBBC