中考英语语法一轮复习——数词用法讲解及练习.docx

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1、数词I.定义与分类数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one,five,ten,thirty,sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first,sixth,tenth,twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。II.基数词1.英语中没有“万”这个读数单位，要表示汉语中的“万”，英语需借用 thousand一词，如“一万”用“十个千”表示(ten thousand)，“十万”用“一百个千”表示(onehundred thousand)。2.用作基数词单位的 hundred,thous

2、and,million,billion 通常不带复数词尾-s，但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则用复数。如：About two thousand people died in the earthquake.大约有两千人在地震中丧生。Thousands of people go to the seaside every year.每年成千上万的人到海滨去。3.表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：He is in his early twenties.他才二十出头(from )。This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在 20 世纪 30

3、年代。III.序数词1.许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th 构成的，如 four/fourth，six/sixth，ten/tenth，sixteen/sixteenth，但是 nine 变为序数词是 ninth，而不是 nineth。2.twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth 等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾 y 改为 ie，再加-th 构成。3.first,second,third 通常可缩写为 1st,2nd,3rd。凡是以 th 结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th,5th,9th,11th,60th,128th 等。4.非整十的多位数，将个位数

4、变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第 21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第 99)，three hundred and sixty-fifth(第 365)等。5.hundred,thousand,million 等序数词形式为 hundredth,thousandth,millionth等。6.序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third.我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。He was(the)third in t

5、he exam.他考试得了第三名。注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如：Well have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次(from )。序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于：定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似 another 的意思，但比 another 的意思更明确。IV.分数、倍数、小数和百分数1.分数。(1)分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。如：two thirds=2/3 three fifths=3/5注：1/2 通常读作 a one half，一般不读作 a s

6、econd；1/4 可读作 a one fourth，也可读作 a one quarter。(2)分子与分母之间加 in,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如 one inten 十分之一，five in eight 八分之五。(3)分子与分母之间加 out of,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如one out of ten 十分之一，five out of eight 八分之五。2.倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助 half,double,twice,three times 等之类的词。如：Theyre twice the size of chickens.它们比鸡大一倍。Th

7、eir house is about three times as big as ours.他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。倍数的几种表达法(1)倍数+as+形容词/副词(原级)+as。如：This bridge is three times as long as thatone.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(2)倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：This bridge is three times longer thanthat one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(3)倍数+the size/length/weight+of+表示比较对象的名词。如：This bridge is three

8、 times the length of that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(4)倍数+what 引导的从句。如：The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。3.百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 per cent。如：thirty percent=30%,60 percent=60%用“基数词percent”。若表示几分之几或百分之几十的人或物时，用加 of，作主语时，谓语动词的数与 of 后的名词数一致。如：Forty percent of the students wear glass

9、es.百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.三分之二的钱都花在食物上。注意：percent 一律用单数形式.4.小数。小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用 point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如 9.65 读作 nine point six five。218.39 读作 twohundred and eighteen point three nine。V.日期1949 年 1949 读作 nineteen forty-nine6 月 23 日 June 23rd 读作 June(the)twen

10、ty-third 或 the twenty-third of June2006 年 10 月 October 2006 读作 October,two thousand and six1600 年 5 月 2 日 May 2nd,2005 读作 the second of May,sixteen hundredVI.钟点半小时用 half，一刻钟用 a quarter，半小时以内用 past，超过半小时用 to。08:00 eight oclock 或 eight09:15 nine fifteen 或 a quarter past/after nine02:30 two thirty 或 ha

11、lf past/after two05:45 five forty-five 或 a quarter to six14:15 fourteen fifteen=2.15 p.m.23:05 twenty-three oh five24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnightVII.编号1.单纯的编号，可在基数词前加 number，简写为 No.。如 No.2 第二。2.序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况(from )：(1)小序号可用“the+序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。如第一次课可以说 the FirstLesson 或 Lesson One。(2)大序

12、号通常只用“名词+数词”。如 808 号房间 Room 808；168 路公共汽车 BusNo.168；南京路 1490 号 1490 Nanjing Road；电话号码 83545601(用基数词逐个念，0 念字母 O)。(3)用“a/the+number+基数词+名词”。如 a No.3 bus 一辆三路公共汽车，the No.3bus 那辆三路公共汽车。VIII.约数1.用 tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of 表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如：The boy bought dozens of pencils.那个男孩

13、买了几十支铅笔。Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。注意：(1)dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million 等表示确切数量时，不用复数。如 fivedozen eggs 五打鸡蛋,three hundred people 五百个人。但 score 用法略有不同，与数词连用时，也加 of。如 two score of eggs(40 个蛋)。(2)有时单数形式的 dozen,score,hundred,million 等前面有数词，后面也有 of，此时的 of 表示的是部分与整体的关系，其后一定

14、是 them,us 之类的人称代词或者有 the,these,your 之类的限定词。如 I want to buy three dozen of the eggs.(我想买其中的三打蛋)(from )2.用 less than,under,below,almost,nearly,up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如nearly two hours 将近两个小时。3.用 more than,beyond,or more,over,above 等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如more than 100 years 一百多年。4.用 or,or so,about,around,some,more

15、 or less 等表示在某一数目左右。如 about50 pens 大约五十支钢笔，a month or so 大约一个月。5.用 to,fromto,betweenand 表示介于两数词。如：His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.他的工资从每月 100美元升到了每月 120 美元。IX.年代表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the+逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加 s，也可加s。如“在 20 世纪 80 年代”是 in the 1980s或 in the 1980s，读

16、作 in the nineteen eighties。注意：不要漏掉 the。X.年龄1.表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用“基数词years old”或“基数词of age”或者“atthe age of基数词”，也可直接用基数词。如：He began to study English at(the age of)seventy.他 70 岁开始学英语。Shes seventy years old.=Shes seventy years of age.她 70 岁了。2.表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用“in ones+逢十的基数词的复数(如 tens,twenties,thirties 等)”来

17、表达。如：He went toAmerica in his thirties.他 30 多岁时去了美国。XI.算式2+8=10Two plus eight is/equals ten.Two and eight are/equal ten.If you add two and eight,you will get ten.8-2=6Eight minus two is/equals six.Two from eight is/equals six.If you subtract two from eight,you will get six2x8=16Two multiplied by eig

18、ht is/equals sixteen.Two times eight is/equals sixteen.If you multiply two by eight,you will get sixteen.82=4Eight divided by two is/equals four.Eight over two is/equals four.If you divide eight by two,you will get four.数词专项练习数词专项练习()1.The Peoples Liberation Army was founded _.A.on August 1,1927B.in

19、 1927,1 AugustC.on August 1st,1927D.in August1,1927()2.A_ boy can sing the English song very well.A.ten-year-oldB.ten years oldC.ten-years-oldD.tenth years old()3.An hour later,_ minister was sent to see the“magic cloth”woven bythose two men.A.twoB.the secondC.the twoD.second()4.Do you think there i

20、s any room for us _?A.twoB.the twoC.secondD.the second()5.Which number is wrong?_.A.NinetyB.NinteenC.NinthD.Nineteenth()6.The number 4,123 is read _.A.four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B.four thousand and one hundredtwenty-threeC.four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D.four thousands

21、 a hundred andtwenty-three()7.The old professor still works hard though he is _.A.in his sixtyB.in his sixtiesC.in sixtiesD.in the sixty()8.This classroom is _ ours.A.three times big as B.as three times big as C.three times as big as D.as big threetimes as()9.The basketball team of our school ranks

22、_ in the match.A.threeB.thirdC.the threeD.the third()10.Which is the car that he drives?Its _.A.fifty two B.the fifty-two cars C.the car fifty four D.the fifty-fourth car()11.Which of the following is wrong?_.A.He is a fifteen-year-old boy.B.He is at the age of 15.C.He is a boy of 15.D.He is fifteen

23、 year old.()12.Our school is not very big.There are only _ students.A.nine hundreds ofB.nine hundredC.nine hundredsD.nine hundred of()13.-How many new words are there in _ lesson?-There are only_.A.five;fifthB.fifth;fiveC.the fifth;the fiveD.the fifth;five()14._,Coca-Cola began to enter Chinas marke

24、t.A.In 1970sB.In 1970sC.In the 1970sD.In the 1970s()15.There was no bus in that small town.We had a _.A.ten miles walkB.ten-mile walkC.ten miles walkD.tenth mile walk()16.Which room do you live in?_.A.The 201 RoomB.Room 201C.Room 201stD.The 201s Room()17.Three hundred thousand one hundred and sevent

25、y means _.A.3,170B.3,117C.300,170D.30,170()18.On May _,_ people traveled round the country.A.the first,millionsB.the first,millions ofC.first,the millionthD.first,millions()19._ of them are dining at school.A.TwelveB.TwelfthC.The twelveD.the 12th()20.7:17 is read _.A.seven and seventeenB.seven seven

26、C.seven one sevenD.seven seventeen()21.Four _ two is two.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by()22.Three _ five is eight.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by()23.Three _ seven is twenty-one.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by()24.Forty-two _ seven is six.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.divided by()25.There are _ days in

27、a year.A.three hundred sixty and fiveB.three hundred and sixty-fiveC.three hundreds and sixty-fiveD.three hundred sixty-five()26.There are _ students in that school.A.two thousand eight-sixB.two thousand eighty-sixC.two thousand and eighty-sixD.two thousands and eighty-six()27.It took me _ to get th

28、ere.A.two hours and a halfB.two hours and halfC.two hour and a halfD.twohour and half()28._ is a very tall boy.A.The twelve B.The twelveth C.The twelfeth D.The twelfth()29.“What year is it?”“Its _.”A.nineteen hundred and ninety-sevenB.nineteen and ninety-sevenC.nineteen ninety and sevenD.nineteen ni

29、nety-seven()30.“Whats the date today?”“Its _.”A.TuesdayB.June FourthC.June the fourD.June the fourth()31.The train from Shanghai will arrive _.A.in quarter past sixB.in a quarter past sixC.at quarter past sixD.at a quarterpast six()32.My friend was born on _.A.three of July,1979 B.the third of July,

30、1979 C.1979,July the third D.1979,thethird of July()33._ is less than _.A.One-third;two-thirdsB.One-third;two-thirdC.First-three;first-threesD.One-t hird;one-three()34.Which lesson did you learn yesterday?_ _.A.Lesson Seven B.Lesson seventh C.The 7 Lesson D.7 Lesson()35.There will be a comedy on TV

31、at _ this evenin g.A.seven past thirtyB.half past sevenC.seven the thirtyD.thirty to seven()36.It took me _ to find out the key to the drawer.A.one and half hoursB.one and a half hoursC.one and a half hourD.one and half hour()37.Im so tired after _ walk.A.three hoursB.three hoursC.three hoursD.three

32、 hour()38.There are _ stars in the sky.A.million ofB.millions ofC.the millionD.a million of()39.The street is _ wide.A.two metersB.two meterC.the two meterD.a two meter()40.Most of the stars are much bigger than the sun.But they are _ light yearsaway from us.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousand ofD.thous

33、ands of()41._ of the surface(表面)of the earth is covered with water.A.First third B.Two thirds C.One three D.Two three()42.There are _ people in my family.We live on the _ floor in a tallbuilding.A.five,six B.fifth,sixth C.fifth,six D.five,sixth()43.The flood happened _.A.in the summer of 1998B.in th

34、e summer of 1998sC.in 1998 of the summerD.in 1998s of the summer()44.-How soon will you finish your work?-In about _.A.one and a half month B.one month and a half C.one and half a month D.a monthand half()45.We will have a _ holiday.What about going to Suzhou?A.five days B.five day C.five-day D.five

35、-days()46.We are sure the _ century will bring us more hopes.A.twentieth-first B.twentieth-one C.twenty-one D.twenty-first()47.At the age of _,he had his own lab.A.thirtyB.thirtiethC.the thirtiethD.the thirty()48.-Would you like some fruit,madam?-Oh,yes._,please.A.5 kilo bananas B.5 kilos of bananas

36、 C.5 kilo of bananas D.5 kilos of banana()49.This building is for a _.A.family of three B.three people C.three peoples family D.three peoples family()50.Look at the table.Tom wants to buy a hamburger,a large coke and anice-cream.How much will he pay?Hamburger$2.60 Orange juice$1.20 Hot dog$2.15 Coffee$1.50Ice-cream$2.00 Water$0.50 Popcorn$1.00 Large coke$1.00A.Three dollars and sixty cents.B.Five dollars and thirty-five cents.C.Five dollars and sixty cents.D.Two dollars.