自考00015英语(二)语法及历年考题讲解.pdf

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1、全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）主要内容试卷分析和最新出题思路重点语法备考要诀及学习方法最新英语（二）试卷主观题统计数据考题满分平均分单词拼写102.48词形填空102.17汉译英155.53英译汉1510.75总分5020.93（1）与课文的关系最新出题思路往年与课文有关的大题：第一、第四、第五和第六大题近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子。(2) 与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。文章选材：主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，

2、最好是中英文对照版本。推荐杂志：英语沙龙，大学英语，英语学习。每道题的考点：第一题：词汇语法题主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。近年来词汇题比重增加。建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。历年试题举例：1.At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to helpdomesticworkers from abuse by their employers.A protectB suspe

3、ct C expectDinspect2. Im wondering why hehasnt turnedat the meeting.A downB upC outD over3. By using both ears one can tell the directiona soundcomes.Ain whichB from whichC over whichD with which第二题：完型填空题主要考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。近年来词汇题比例有所增加。建议：“上看下看，左看右看”，即充分利用上下文提供的信息答题。历年试题举例： Co

4、lter was excited, so he told17about the place.18, the other people did notbelieve him.17. A the otherC anotherB othersD each other18. A ThenC ThereforeB HoweverD Consequently第三题：阅读理解题主要特点：文章体裁多为论述文，偶有记叙文，主要涉及文化、教育、风俗、历史、人物故事、社会问题、科普常识等内容，不涉及太专业的内容。文章平均长度为300-350词/篇，总阅读量为1500-2000词。问题以细节题为主，其次是总结题，偶尔

5、有一两道词汇题和推理题。题目的顺序和文章的顺序大体对应。第四题：单词拼写题往年考题：多选用考纲词表中的常用词，包括中学词汇，平均词长为6个字母。最新特点：最近一次考题中单词拼写几乎全部出自下册课文，以A课文为主, 单词长度显著增加，平均词长为9个字母，有5个单词词长超过10个字母，出现了两个超纲词，无一中学词汇。最新考题举例36. accompany (1A)37. boundary (2A)38. capture (14A)39. decline (10A)40. employee (4A)41. feasible (8A)42. heartbreaking (14A)43. gratefu

6、l44. increasingly (6A)45. junction (15A)46. loyalty (10A)47. moderate (8B)48. overwhelming (10A)49. nominate (10B)50. participant (5A)51. persistently (14A)52. queue (14A)53. spontaneous (5A)54. reinforce (12B)55. undertake (13A)第五题：词形填空题主要考点：谓语动词（时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致），非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词），形容词比较级，词

7、性转换。建议：掌握扎实的语法知识，通过大量做题来消化这些语法知识，力求做到举一反三，触类旁通。历年试题举例1.Cancer research(make) all over the world in the past twenty years.(has been made)2.The more stress you are under, the(likely) you are to catch a cold.( more likely)3.It seems reasonable to assume that, other things(be) equal, they would prefer s

8、ingle toshared rooms.(being)4.These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is(specialize) inits function. (special)第六题：汉译英主要考点：全面考察词汇、语法和句型的运用能力，多考虚拟语气、比较级、疑问句、强调句和一些固定表达方式。最新考题中有三道题直接出自下册课文。阅卷要求：主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或重要用词错误扣1分；非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）

9、每两处扣1分；拼写错误每两处扣1分，本大题总扣分不超过3分。最新试题举例68.一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。主要考查定语从句和bequalified for 的用法。69.随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。主要考查as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。70.那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭

10、绝的威胁。根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。”第七题：英译汉主要特点：综合考查词汇和语法，注意定语从句、状语从句、比较级、倒装句的理解。阅卷要求：根据总体印象打分，分为15-13分，12-10分，9-7分，6-4分，3-1分五个档次。只要译文大体准确通顺即可得分，不要求译得非常漂亮。结语知己知彼，百战不殆！II. 重点语法复习动词时态和语态非谓语动词虚拟语气定语从句和名词性从句1. 动词主要时态和语态表一一般般现现在时在时一一般过去时般过去时一一般将来时般将来时主动: dodidwill do被动: are donewere d

11、onewill be done现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动: are doing被动: are being done现在完成时现在完成时were doingwere being done过去完成时过去完成时will be doing将来完成时将来完成时主动: have done被动: have been done现在完成进行时现在完成进行时had donehad been donewill have done主动: have been doing动词主要时态的意义及运用现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：up to now, so far, for

12、 three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end ofthis week, by the year of 1995汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g. We havent met each other since last year.By the end of this week, well have finished the task.现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断没有间断。汉语提示语：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.过去完成时said, repo

13、rted, thought 等引导的间接引语中。e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.2)hardlywhen, no sooner thane.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.3)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中e.g If I had tried harder, I would have won.I wish I had done better in the exam.历年考题中的动词时态和语态1.So far, Irving(li

14、ve) in New YorkCity for ten years.(has been lived)2.The patient(send) to another hospital before we got there.(had been sent)3.The second half of the nineteenth century _ (witness) the first extended translation intoEnglish of the writings of Eliphas Levi. (witnessed)2. 非谓语动词动词主要时态和语态一览表非谓语动词形式意义现在分

15、词现在分词一 般 式doing主动, 正在进行被 动 式being done被动, 正在进行完成主动式having done主动, 已经完成完成被动式having been done被动, 已经完成过去分词过去分词done被动, 已经完成动词不定式动词不定式一 般 式to do主动,将要进行被 动 式to be done被动, 将要进行完成主动式to have done主动, 已经完成进行主动式to be doing主动, 正在进行非谓语动词作状语动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）He hurried to the rai

16、l station only to miss the train. （结果）分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend.（时间）Being very tired, my father didnt go outwith us.（原因）Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive.（原因）Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.(条件）非谓语动词，

17、状语从句和独立结构Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语)After having done their homework, the children began to play. （连词+分词）After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句）With homework done, the children began to play.（独立结构）非谓语动词作定语If there is no choice, there

18、 is no decision(make). (to be made)Do you know the man( stand) in front of the house? (standing)The question(discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)The bridge(build) in the 1950s is still in good condition.(built)动名词和动词不定式作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。e.g Rising ear

19、ly is good for health.To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.My biggest wish is to go abroad.Seeing is believing.作宾语接动名词作宾语的动词：admit, acknowledge, avoid, deny, consider, enjoy, escape,excuse, forgive, finish, suggest, mind, include, involve, delay,pu

20、t off, postpone, feel like, look forward to, be used to, beaccustomed to, etc.接动词不定式作宾语的动词：want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to,seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：forget, remember, regretstop, continueneed/ wan

21、tallow doing/ allow sb to do1)How can I forget meeting you for the first time?Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.2)I cant stop laughing.Can you stop to give me a hand?3)The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.4)We dont allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.历年考题中的非谓语动词1.A man

22、 cannot be really happy if what he enjoys _(do) is ignored by society as of novalue or importance.(doing)2.Anyone(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.(wanting)3.It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot usehis eyes(control)

23、 his direction. (to control)4.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals(use) inexperiments may decrease.(used)5.A life(live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.(lived)6.This poem, if(translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.(transla

24、ted)7.They may have their passports(remove), making leaving or “escaping” actuallyimpossible.(removed)8.Her body, with hands and feet(bind), was discovered by a traveler early in themorning.(bound)第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气3. 虚拟语气时间从句主句与现在事实相反did/ wereshould/could/would + do与过去事实相反had doneshould/could/would +

25、 have done与将来事实相反were to doshould doshould/could/would + do第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气would rather + 从句wish + 从句if only + 从句as if/ as though + 从句Its time + 从句第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句；suggesti

26、on, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名词后的同位语从句；3.important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词用在itis that句型中；4.lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。历年考题中的虚拟语气If it hadnt been for your help, we(be) in real trouble.(would ha

27、ve been)He would have given you more help, if he(not be) so busy.(had not been)It is high time that we _ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. (took)It was imperative that students(finish) their papers before July 1st.(should finish/finish)4. 定语从句和名词性从句定语从句：限制性和非限制性定语从句引导定语从句1）关系代词(在定语从句中

28、作主语、宾语、表语）：which, that, who, whom, whose2）关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）：when, where, why, how名词性从句名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句引导名词性从句：1）主从连词（不在从句中作任何成分）：that, whether, if2）连接代词（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语）：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever,whoever3）连接副词（在从句中作状语）：when, where, why, how定语从句和同位语从句的区别The story (that) he told me

29、 may not be true.The story that he has made a fortune may not betrue.2. 什么时候用介词which 的形式?The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.3. which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句He is easy to get angry, which is well known.He is easy to get angry, as everybod

30、y knows.历年考题中的定语从句和名词性从句1.Studies have shownteenagers often suffer from depression.A that B whichC in which Din that2.It is a well-known facta person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes tocontrol his direction.A that B ifC whenD whether3.Very few people understood this contract,was ver

31、y obscure.A the languageB the language of whichC all it saidD which it had said备考要诀重视课文，英语一考上册，英语二以下册A课文为主，但是上册课文的语法和词汇是学习下册的基础。吃透重点语法：非谓语动词、动词时态和语态、虚拟语气、比较级、定语从句，等。背单词要讲究技巧，以大纲词汇为准，不要孤立地背单词，以词组为主，重视搭配；加强阅读，选择难度适当的阅读材料，重在训练阅读技巧，提高速度和效率。推荐材料：1)大学英语自学教程（上下册） ，高远主编，高教出版社。2)大学英语自学教程自学与自测指导（上下册） ，高远主编，北航

32、出版社。3)自考大纲4)全国高等自学考试英语（一）和英语（二）模拟试卷与应试指导高远主编，高等教育出版社。结束语Before God we are equally wiseBefore God we are equally wiseequally foolish.(Albert Einstein)equally foolish.(Albert Einstein)I.每道题的考点每道题的考点第一题：词汇和结构历年试题举例：历年试题举例：1.At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to helpdomest

33、icworkers from abuse by their employers.AprotectB suspectC expectDinspect词义辨析2.Im wondering why hehasnt turnedat the meeting.AdownB upC outD over搭配3.By using both ears one can tell the directiona sound comes.Ain which B from which Cover whichD with which定语从句2.Almost everything a manager doesmanageme

34、nt process is decision making.decisions; indeed, some suggest that theAimposesB improvisesC involvesD indicates3.American men dont cry because it is considered notof men to do so.AcharacteristicB tolerantC symbolicD independent4.In every major city there are moreapartments than there are homeless pe

35、ople.AblankB vacantC emptyD bare提示：搭配主要涉及介词和名词、形容词和介词、动词和名词、形容词和名词等的搭配。因此学习单词时必须掌握其固定的搭配。此外牢记大纲词表后列出的词组也会有很大的帮助。1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of spacewhich matter hasfallen andwhich nothing can escape.AtowardstowardsB intofromC out offromD throughthrough2.conclusio

36、n, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.AintoB atC overD underto form a new government.A purposeB reasonC viewD goalto buy a pair of shoes.A shoes storeB shoes store C shoe storeD shoes store3.Five minutes earlier, _we may have caught the gunman.AandB butC orD so4.Im supposed to w

37、ork by myself, there are other people who I can interact with.AIf onlyB So long asC Even ifD As faras5.It was there, thepolice believe,she was able to activate the recorder she kept in herbag.AuntilB whichC thatD when6.It is not feasible to wait four daysthe body is used to the new time zone.AwhileB

38、 afterC untilD then7.Robots differ from automatic machinesafter completion of one task, they can bereprogrammed to do another.AthatB in whichC whenD in that8.It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makersschools cannot solve all the problemsof the larger community.AthatB whatC whenD who9.America

39、ns have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so astothe peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other.Amake it possibleB make possibleC make possiblyD make it possibly10.Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young mans bed; heheavily.Amust have drunkB must

40、 drinkC should drinkD had to drinkKey: 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A第二题：完型填空提示：充分利用上下文提供的信息答题。历年试题举例：历年试题举例：(1)Colter was excited, so he told17about the place.18, the other people did notbelieve him.18. A the otherB othersC anotherD each other18. A ThenB HoweverC ThereforeD Cons

41、equentlyKey: 17. B18. B(2)Planning is important in almost anything you do. No matter what you are doing, taking thetime to plan11can help you reach your goal. The purpose of insurance is12youplan for unexpected, costly emergencies (紧急需要). 13 the most important kind of insuranceis medical insurance.1

42、1. A awayB onC aheadD out12. A helpedB to helpC keptD to keep13. A ProbablyB UnfortunatelyC ConverselyD SubsequentlyKey: 11. C12. B13.A(3)Food in the United States is13, cheap, and available twenty-four hours a day, andmany people not only overeat, but eat a lot of high-fat, high-calories foods that

43、 14weight gain. 15 , there are some people who eat anything they want and never gain weight,and studies show that obese people do not eat an excessive amount of calories. In fact, theyoften eat 16 than non-obese people do.13.A many14.A contribute toB muchB devote toC plentifulC subject toD resourcef

44、ulD distribute to15. A ButB HoweverC MoreoverD Therefore16. A fewerB moreC lessD betterKey: 13. C14.A15. B16. C第三题：阅读理解 （略）第四题：单词拼写提示 ：最新试题出题思路有明显变化，因此以下册课文词表为复习重点，兼顾大纲此表中的中学词汇和上册词汇。最新试题举例36. accompany (1A)37. boundary (2A)38. capture (14A)39. decline (10A)40. employee (4A)41. feasible (8A)42. heart

45、breaking (14A)43. grateful44. increasingly (6A)45. junction (15A)46. loyalty (10A)47. moderate (8B)48. overwhelming (10A)49. nominate (10B)50. participant (5A)51. persistently (14A)52. queue (14A)53. spontaneous (5A)54. reinforce (12B)55. undertake (13A)往年试题举例36. strike (上册)37. program(上册)38. civil

46、(4A)39. quality(上册)40. expose (6A)41. overcome (8A)42. vote (10A)43. responsible(上册)44. content (15A)45. interview (1B)46. failure(上册)47. economy(上册)48. logical(上册)49. undergo (11A)50. nervous(上册)51. abandon(上册)52. remain（中学）53. promote (8A)54. detail (12A)55. hobby(上册)第五题：词形填空题提示：此部分主要包括谓语动词、非谓语动词、

47、形容词比较级和词性变化四部分。谓语动词和非谓语动词详见重点语法，因此此处主要涉及形容词比较级和词性变化。历年试题举例历年试题举例形容词比较级和最高级1.The more stress you are under, the(likely) you are to catch a cold.2.The(far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes.3.Weknow that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zer

48、opopulation growth, the _(old) its population is likely to be.4.As Jane was the(old), she looked after the other children in the family.Key: 1. more likely2. farther3. older4. oldest词性转化1. These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is(specialize) inits function.2.The cont

49、inuing professional education of_ (high) educated adults will become a thirdlevel in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work.3.The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a(trick)situation.4.Wewould like to take this opportunity to express our sincere(app

50、reciate) of your help.Key: 1. special2. highly3. tricky4. appreciation第六题：汉译英提示：此部分主要涉及虚拟语气、强调句、倒装句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、形式主语等语法现象和一些固定表达式。最新试题举例最新试题举例68.一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。A person with appreciation of art and literature is qualified for the job.选自下册第 9 单元 A 课文后 Word Study 中 appreciation 的一个例句。主要考查定语从