高考英语一轮复习语法名词Noun讲解.wps

《高考英语一轮复习语法名词Noun讲解.wps》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一轮复习语法名词Noun讲解.wps（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1NounNounNoun 名词名词名词名词考点考点考点考点1.名词的数a 如何区分可数不可数b 可数名词的数的表达c 不可数名词数的表达d 表达名词数量的修饰词语2.名词的所有格3.名词的常用后缀4.补充1. 1. 1.名词的数名词的数名词的数名词的数a 如何区分可数不可数如何区分可数不可数分类法名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。其中专有名词指具体的人物、地点、机构、国家或地区的名称等，不能随便更改。普通名词则较为复杂，它分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词分为个体名词和集体名词；不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。一分为二法不可数 meat, rice, water, milk, ora

2、nge可数：apple,banana,book,cup,desk死记硬背法-10 大绝对不可数名词work 工作 weather 天气 transportation 交通 news 消息 information 信息 advice 建议progress 进步 music 音乐 fan 有趣 furniture 家具b 可数名词的数的表达可数名词的数的表达 单数变复数的规则变化 单数变复数的不规则变化 规则变化规则变化2penny(便士)也有两种复数形式，但含义不同，pence 指“价值”，而 pennies 则指“便士的枚数”。单数变复数的不规则变化单数变复数的不规则变化（1）变内部元音foo

3、t-feet man-menwoman-women tooth-teethmouse-mice goose-geesegetleman-gentlemen(2)单复数同行的复数形式sheep deer spacecraft aircraft Chinese Japanese Swiss meanscrossroads series works headspecies headquarter(3)外来名词的复数形式criterion-criteriaphenomenon-phenomenaanylasis-analysesbasis-basescrisis-crisesthesis-theses

4、bacterium-bacteriamedium-media4.不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词的量的表达1.用“数词+单位名词+of”表示不可数名词具体的量。3a cup of tea a pound of meatThe professor gave him two pieces of advice after class.2.用 much, a lot of,a little,little,some,plenty of,a great deal of 等表示不可数名词大概的量。I have some/much money.There is plenty of room in my bag.

5、例外：抽象名词具体化hair 全部头发(不可数) a few white hairs 几根白头发(可数)help 帮助(不可数)；帮手，助手(可数)experience 经验(不可数)；经历(可数)work 工作(不可数)；作品，著作(可数)paper 纸(不可数)；文件，论文，试卷(可数)surprise 惊讶(不可数)；令人惊奇的事情(可数) 注意：a teaa cup of tea，two teastwo cups of tea； a coffeea cup of coffee，two coffeestwo cups of coffee有些抽象名词用复数形式，表示各种各样的。如：frui

6、ts 各种水果，equipments 各种器材，设备，foods 各种食物，waters 水域，gases 各种气体，teas 各种茶等。注意： 有些物质名词和抽象名词的复数形式表示特殊的含义。如：time 时间times 时代，次数，倍数，look 看looks 外貌，green 绿色greens 青菜，brain 脑brains 头脑，脑筋，good 益处goods 货物，sand 沙sands 沙滩，沙漠等。d 表达名词数量的修饰词语只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number o

7、f, scores of, dozens of 等Therere a number of students reading English in the classroom. 只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of 等He always has a great amount of work to do.既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的

8、数依 of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数) all, some, enough 等A great quantity of flowers were placed in the hall. There is a great quantity of food in the cupboard. 2.名词所有格名词所有格定义：表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 s 来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。例如：mens room 男厕所 a mi

9、les distance 一英里的距离 / a stones throw 一步之遥 / the moons light 月光但如果该名词是以-s 或-es 结尾，则只在该名词后加“”来构成所有格。例如：3 hours walk 三小时的路程 / five minutes walk 五分钟路程 / two miles distance 两英里的距离2.名词所有格构成方式：4名词所有格作定语有两种。(1)名词词尾加“s” (2)介词 of 加名词名词词尾加“s”的所有格1 “s”用于非 s 结尾的单、复数名词之后。如：a mans job；a childs voice；the birds mout

10、h；womens clothes；the peoples choice 等。2在以 s 结尾的复数名词后，只用“”。如：the Greenscar；the girls teacher 等。3复合名词在整个词后加“s”。如：my sister-in-laws father；each others shortcomings；somebody elses book，Henry the Eighths wives 等。4.部分节日名称用名词复数的所有格，而且前面不用冠词 the。如：Womens Day，Teachers Day，Childrens Day 等。注意： Fathers Day 和 Mo

11、thers Day 用单数的所有格。5.有些名词所有格表示地点。如：at the doctors 在医生的诊所里；at the barbers 在理发店；at Mr.Greens 在格林先生的家；to my uncles 到我叔叔家等。6.如果一样东西为两个人共同拥有时，只在最后一个人名后加“s”；如果各有一个，则两个人名后都加“s”。Tom and Marys father 汤姆和玛丽的父亲(二人共有一个父亲)Toms and Marys room 汤姆的房间和玛丽的房间(二人分别有一个)of 所有格用法凡不能加s 的名词，都可以与 of 构成短语，来表示所有关系。无生命名词的所有格也可以这

12、么用。例如：Does anyone know the title of the novel？有谁知道这部小说的名字？There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road在这条路的尽头有一棵高高的枫树。但有特殊情况：This is a photo of my parents.双重所有格定义：在英语中，同一个名词前，冠词(a，an，the )，指示代词(this，that， these，those)，物主代词(my，your，his 等)，以及不定代词(no，every，each 等) 不能重复使用，如果要表示此种意思，就要借助于双重所有格。如：a f

13、riend of mine 不能说成 my a friend；Its no fault of yours.不能说成 Its no your fault.构成方式：“of名词所有格或名词性物主代词”可构成双重所有格例句： So far，I have read a few articles of Lis. 到目前为止，我已经读过了李的几篇文章。I happened to meet a friend of my mothers.我碰巧遇到我母亲的一位朋友。3.名词的常用后缀-ence exist-existence accept-acceptance-tion product-production

14、express-expression-ment develop-development blind-blindness-sure please-pleasure depart-departure-age marriage 5-th width-dom wisdom.4.补充数词加名词构成复合形容词数词-名词；或数词-名词-形容词，构成复合形容词。如：nine-story (九层楼的)；120-mile (120 英里的) five-year-old (五岁的)；200-foot-long(200 英尺长的)几个特殊词的用法1.dozen，hundred，thousand，million，bil

15、lion 等词表达“准确数”时，词尾不加“s”，后不用of。如： Up to now，they have learned more than three thousand Chinese characters. 到目前为止，他们已经学了三千多个汉字了。2.dozens of /scores of /hundreds of / thousands of /millions of 等，表示“大约数目”，在其后加“s”，后面用 of。如： Scores of people were late for the meeting. 数十人开会迟到了。 Hundreds of thousands of pe

16、ople poured into the square. 成千上万的人涌入广场。 Dozens of students were present for the meeting. 数十个学生参加了那个会议。一.单句语法填空1.Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave. Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my_(apologize)2One of the most effective ways to reduce_(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someo

17、ne you trust.3There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some_(think) and then let me know.4When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his_and had a bad fall.5She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ (代表，象征) in last years election.6Well look into the ma

18、tter as soon as possible.Just have a little_(patient)7Barbara is in her late forties and has a_(tend) to complain about what she doesnt feel content with.8Compared to the older generation，young migrant workers have less_(affect) for the countryside and farmlands.9The doctor told Mary that too much_(

19、expose) to the sun is bad for the skin.10Its really a surprise that the manager should have no idea about the plan. Of course he doesnt，for the plan was made in his_(absent)二.单句改错1. What a lot of works I have to finish today! 2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen. 3. What a beautiful weather we are ha

20、ving recently! 64. Most of them are woman doctors. 5. He wrote a three-hundred-words report. 6. There are four baskets of apple in that room. 7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan. 8. Mr. Zhang looks very happy today. He has got many good news from here. 9. This hat of my fathers is rather old. 10.He made many mistakes in his composition because of careless.6.apple-apples 7.thousands-thousand 8.many-much 9.fathers-father 10.carelessness