最新《乌鸦》赏析.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date乌鸦赏析The Raven Poes poetic theories are remarkable in their clarity （诗歌理论简洁明朗）about even if they lack what Joseph Wood Krutch terms “intellectual detachment” and “catholicity of taste.”

2、（尽管缺乏Krutch所说的“知识分子的超脱”和“大众品味） These are best elucidated （最好的证明）in his “the Philosophy of Composition” （创作原理）and “ The Poetic Principle.”（诗歌原则） The poem, he says, should be short, readable at one sitting （一口气能读完）( or as long as “The Raven”【或与诗歌”乌鸦“的长度相当】). Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce

3、 a feeling of beauty in the reader. Beauty aims at “an elevating excitement of the soul,” (震撼灵魂) and “beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. (无论何种形式的美，只要达到最高境界，就能令敏感的灵魂落下泪来) Thus melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.”

4、 （所以悲伤是诗歌最好的基调） And he concludes that “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.” Poe stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty,” （真正的诗歌是富有美好旋律的作品）and declares that“music is the perfection of the soul,or idea,of poetry.”

5、（音乐是诗歌灵魂和思想的最高境界） Poe was unabashed to offer his own poem “The Raven”as an illustration of his point. “The Raven” is about 108 lines, perfectly readable at one sitting. A sense of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem: the portrayal of a young man griev

6、ing for his lost Lenore, （早逝的美丽女友Lenore ）his grief being turned to madness under the steady one-word repetition of the talking bird introduced right at the beginning of the poem：Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,weakandweakry. Overmanyaquintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore. WhileInodded,nearlyna

7、pping,suddenlytherecameatapping, Asofsomeonerapping,rappingatmychamberdoor. Tissomevisitor,Imuttered,tappingatmychamberdoor- Onlythis,andnothingmore. After he sees the bird, its response - or its imagined one一“nevermore keeps breaking upon the young mans psychic wound ruthlessly and ceaselessly as d

8、o the waves on the sea shore until his depression reaches its breaking point:Andtheraven,neverflitting,stillissitting,stillissitting OnthepallidbustofPallasjustabovemychamberdoor; Andhiseyeshavealltheseemingofademonthatisdreaming, Andthelamp-lightoerhimstreamingthrovehisshadowonthefloor; Andmysoulfr

9、omoutchatshadowthatliesfloatingonthefloor Shallbelifted-nevermore!The young man, a neurotic on the brink of a mental collapse, （精神几近崩溃） outpours his sorrow in his semi-sleep （半梦半醒之间）on the appearance of the bird. Poetic imagination externalizes itself （诗歌的想象力表现在 ）in the phantom of a bird （幻象中的小鸟）and

10、 intermingles with it to enhance the effect of tbe tragedy of the bereavement .（失去挚爱的悲剧） It is good to note that Poes poems are heavily tinted in a dreamy, hallucinatory color. （Poe 的诗歌中具有一种浓烈的梦境和幻觉的色彩） “The Raven”is a good example as the narrator is in a state of semi-stupor. （神志几近不清的状态） In additio

11、n, Poe insists on an even metrical flow in versification.（主张运用规则的韵律创作） “The Raven”is a marvel of regularity: W. L.Werner records that, of its 719 complete feet, （全诗有719个音步），705 are perfect trochees, （其中705个是完全的抑扬格）ten doubtful trochees, （十个勉强可算是抑扬格）and only four clearly dactyls.（只有四个是强弱格） Poe rarely

12、 allows himself twenty-five percent of irregular feet as is found in “Israfel”. （Poe 几乎不会让诗中出现四分之一以上的不规则音步，就像在诗歌Israfel 里一样）For the sake of regularity in rhythm, Poe disapproves of the use of archaisms, contractions, inversions, and similar devices. （Poe反对使用古体、缩写、倒置等技法）“The Raven” is thus a perfect

13、illustration of his theory on poetry. * TheRaven Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,weakandweakry， Overmanyaquintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore，WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping, Asofsomeonerapping,rappingatmychamberdoor. “Tissomevisitor,Imuttered,tappingatmychamberdoor Onlyt

14、his,andnothingmore. 有一天阴沉的半夜时分，当我疲乏烦闷，面对一堆古籍奇书，想把失传的奥秘揭开，当我打着盹几乎睡着，忽听得一声剥啄，仿佛有人轻轻敲着，轻敲在我的房门外。“谁敲门呢?”我喃喃道，“一定有客人来， 别无其他，不必费疑猜。”Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember, Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor. EagerlyIwishedthemorrow; vainlyIhadtriedtoborrow Frommybookssurceaseofsor

15、row sorrowforthelostLenore FortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenoreNamelesshereforevermore. 啊，记得清清楚楚，那是十二月寒冷刺骨，行将熄灭的余烬投射的鬼影在地上摇摆。我焦急地盼望天亮，我徒劳地搜寻书章，想从书中借良方，止住失去丽诺尔的悲哀天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱， 人间此名已永不存在。Andthesilkensaduncertainrustlingofeachpurplecurtain Thrilledme filledmewithfantasticterrorsneverf

16、eltbefore; Sothatnow,tostillthebeatingofmyheart,Istoodrepeating, Tissomevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor Somelatevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor ; Thisitisandnothingmore. ”每幅紫红的丝绸帘幕，发出悲哀的簌簌， 使从未体验的荒诞的恐怖向我袭来； 此刻为了止住心悸，我站着再次说道： “这是有人来找，敲着我的房门要求进来，“这是半夜的客人，敲着我的房门要求进来，别无其他，不必费疑猜。Present

17、lymysoulgrewstronger;hesitatingthennolonger, Sir,saidI,orMadam,trulyyourforgivenessIimplore; ButthefactisIwasnapping,andsogentlyyoucamerapping, Andsofaintlyyoucametapping,tappingatmychamberdoor, ThatIscarcewassureIheardyou-hereIopenedwidethedoor; Darknessthere,andnothingmore. 刹那间我鼓足了勇气，于是我不再迟疑，“我诚恳地

18、请你原谅，”我说，“先生或太太，事实我是瞌睡朦胧，而你又敲得太轻，那么模糊不清地敲着敲着，在我房门外，我不知是否真的听见，”这时我把房门大开， 一无所有，一片阴霾。Deepintothat darknesspeering,longIstoodtherewondering,fearing Doubting,dreamingdreamsnomortaleverdaredtodreambefore; Butthesilencewasunbroken,andthedarknessgavenotoken, Andtheonlywordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,Leno

19、re! ThisIwhispered,andanechomurmuredbacktheword,Lenore! Merelythis,andnothingmore. 我向这片黑暗张望，我愣在那儿，惊疑慌张，凡人从不敢做的怪梦纷纷向我袭来，但周围一片寂静，黑暗中毫无迹象可寻，唯有低语“丽诺尔”的声音在黑夜里徘徊，这是我低呼“丽诺尔!”而回声又传了回来， 别无其他，除此以外。Thenintothechamberturning allmysoulwithinmeburning, SoonIheardagainatappingsomewhatlouderthanbefore. Surely,saidI

20、,surelythatissomethingatmywindowlattice; Letmesee,then,whatthereatis,andthismysteryexplore Letmyheartbestillamomentandthismysteryexplore; Tisthewind,andnothingmore! 于是我转身进房，整个灵魂像着了火一样，马上又听到一声剥啄，响声超过了刚才。“我敢断定，”我说，“有东西在敲我的窗格，让我看看那儿有什么，好把这神秘解开，让我的心稍微静一静，就把这神秘解开， 准是风声，岂有他哉!”OpenhereIflungtheshutter,when

21、,withmanyaflirtandflutter, Intheresteppedastatelyravenofthesaintlydaysofyore; Nottheleastobeisancemadehe;notaninstantstoppedorstayedhe; But,withmienoflordorlady,perchedabovemychamberdoor PercheduponabustofPallasjustabovemychamberdoor Perched,andsat,andnothingmore. 这时我大敞了百叶窗，于是，抖动着翅膀，跨进一只严肃的乌鸦他属于神圣的古

22、代；他毫无谦恭的礼仪，也毫不停步或迟疑，却摆出贵族的神气，跑到我房门顶上呆，在我门顶的智慧女神雅典娜的像上呆， 呆在那里，再不下来。Thenthisebonybirdbeguilingmysadfancyintosmiling, Bythegraveandsterndecorumofthecountenanceitwore.Thoughthycrestbeshornandshaven,thou,Isaid,artsurenocraven, GhastlygrimandancientravenwanderingfromtheNightlyshore Tellmewhatthylordlyname

23、isontheNightsPlutonianshore! Quoththeraven,Nevermore. 这头乌檀木的大鸟，一副庄严的外表，他的严肃高雅驱散我的忧思，逗我开怀；“哪怕拔光你的毛发，”我说，“你胆量可真大，你这阴森森的古代乌鸦，来自夜的彼岸，请教你的尊姓大名，在夜的冥府之岸！”乌鸦说道：“永不再。” MuchImarveledthisungainlyfowltoheardiscoursesoplainly, Thoughitsanswerlittlemeaning-littlerelevancyhore; Forwecannothelpagreeingthatnosubluna

24、rybeing Everyetwasblessedwithseeingbirdabovehischamberdoor- BirdorbeastuponthesculpturedbustaboveIuschamberdoor, WithsuchmimeasNevermore. 这只难看的大鸟听得懂话，使我大为惊讶， （尽管他的回答不得要领，意思不甚明白，） 因为我们不能不承认， 普天下的世人谁也未曾有幸见到大禽在他的房门上呆，有幸见到鸟或兽在他门顶的雕像上呆， 而且名叫“永不再。”Buttheraven,sittinglonelyontheplacidbust,spokeonly Thatone

25、word,asifhissoulinthatillwordhedidoutpour. Nothingfartherthenheuttered-notafeatherthenhefluttered- TillIscarcelymorethanmuttered,Otherfriendshaveflownbefore- Onthemorrowhewillleaveme,asmyhopeshaveflownbefore. Quoththeraven,Nevermore. 但栖在雕像上的乌鸦，只说了这一句话，仿佛是他整个灵魂在这句话里吐了出来。接下去他什么也不说，没有一根羽毛抖动，直等到我喃喃地说：“其

26、他朋友都已离开，像我飞走的希望一样，到早晨他也会离开。” 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Wonderingatthestillnessbrokenbyreplysoaptlyspoken, Doubtless,saidI,whatituttersisitsonlystockandstore, CaughtfromsomeunhappymasterwhomunmercifulDisaster Followedfastandfollowedfastel-so,whenHopehewouldadjure, SternDespairreturned,insteadofthesweetHopehedaredad

27、jure- Thatsadanswer,Nevermore! 这一应答如此聪明，不禁使我大吃一惊，无疑地，”我说，这句话就是他的全部口才，得自某位倒楣的主人灾祸对他毫不怜悯， 步步紧跟越跟越紧，直到他的歌身负重载，直到他所有希望的挽歌都身负同一个重载，这重载就叫“永不再。”Buttheravenstillbeguilingallmysadsoulintosmiling, StraightIwheeledacushionedseatinfrontofbird,andbust,anddoor; Thenuponthevelvetsinking,Ibetookmyselftolinking Fanc

28、yuntofancy,thinkingwhatthisominousbirdofyore- Whatthisgrim,ungainly,ghastly,gaunt,andominousbirdofyore MeantincroakingNevermore. 但乌鸦还在逗我开心，消遣我的苦闷，我干脆把软垫座椅推到大鸟跟前来；往天鹅绒上一坐，吧种种幻想连成线索。把这阴森古怪，恐怖难看的不详古鸟猜，为什么他说“永不再。”ThisIsatengagedinguessing,butnosyllableexpressing Tothefowlwhosefieryeyesnowburnedintomybos

29、omscore; ThisandmoreIsatdivining,withmyheadateasereclining Onthecushionsvelvetliningthatthelamplightgloatedoer, Butwhosevelvetvioletliningwiththelamplightgloatingoer, Sheshallpress,ah,nevermore! 我猜着，全神贯注，但对大禽我一声不出，他那如火的眼睛此刻已烧透了我的心怀；凭直觉我感知了许多，当我的头轻轻靠着，靠着灯光的幸灾乐祸之下的天鹅绒座垫，但座垫的主人呢，这淡紫色的天鹅绒座垫 她不再靠了，永不再!Th

30、en,methought,theairgrewdenser,perfumedfromanunseencenser Swungbyangelswhosefaintfoot-fallstinkledonthetuftedfloor. Wretch,Icried,thyGodhathlentthee-bytheseangelshehathsentthee Respite-respiteandNepenthefromthymemoriesofLenore! LetmequaffthiskindNepentheandforgetthislostLenore! Quoththeraven,Nevermor

31、e. 我觉得空气变得稠密，无形香炉散出香气，那是天使们摇着香炉，丁丁当当隐隐走来。“可怜虫!”我喊道，“上帝派天使给我送来了安息安息和忘忧药，让我把丽诺尔忘怀！让我饮尽忘忧灵药，把失去的丽诺尔忘怀！ 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Prophet!saidI,thingofevil!-prophetstill,ifbirdordevil!- WhetherTemptersent,orwhethertempesttossedtheehereashore, Desolate,yetallundaunted,onthisdesertlandenchanted- OnthishomebyHorrorhaunte

32、d-tellmetruly,Iimplore- Isthere-istherebalminGilead?(1)-tellme-tellme,Iimplore! Quoththeraven,Nevermore. “先知！”我说，“一个先知!尽管你是鸟或恶魔!不管是诱惑者派你来，还是风暴把你抛来来到这被魔法迷住但未吓住的荒芜国土，来到这恐怖的小屋求求你，向我坦白：基列有没有止痛香膏?求求你，向我坦白!” 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”基列：据圣经传说，约旦河东的基列出产灵药，系树脂制成。Prophet!saidI,thingofevil!-prophetstill,ifbirdordevil! Bytha

33、tHeaventhatbendsaboveus-bythatGodwebothadore- Tellthissoulwithsorrowladenif,withinthedistantAidenn(2), ItshallclaspasaintedmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore- ClasparareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore. Quoththeraven,Nevermore. (2) Aidenn ：阿拉伯语的And, 即Eden （天堂，乐园）“先知!”我说，“一个先知!尽管你是鸟或恶魔!凭着上天，凭着上帝(咱俩

34、对他同样膜拜)，请告诉我悲痛的灵魂：在遥远的伊甸园中，我能不能把升天的少女丽诺尔抱在胸怀？天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱！“乌鸦说道：“永不再。Bethatwordoursignofparting,birdorfiend!Ishrieked,upstarting- GettheebackintothetempestandtheNightsplutonianshore! Leavenoblackplumeasatokenofthatliethysoulhathspoken! Leavemylonelinessunbroken!-quitthebustabovemydoor! Takethyb

35、eakfromoutmyheart,andtakethyformfromoffmydoor! Quoththeraven,Nevermore. “用这句话告别吧，恶魔或乌!”我跳起来狂叫，“回到你那风暴之夜，回到你那冥府之岸！连一根黑羽也别留下，让我忘却你的谎话！别再对我的孤寂打岔!从我的雕像离开！别再啄我的心了，从我门上的雕像离开！ 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Andtheraven,neverflitting,stillissitting,stillissitting OnthepallidbustofPallas（3）justabovemychamberdoor; Andhiseyeshave

36、alltheseemingofademonthatisdreaming, Andthelamp-lightoerhimstreamingthrovehisshadowonthefloor; Andmysoulfromoutchatshadowthatliesfloatingonthefloor Shallbelifted-nevermore! （3）Pallas: 即雅典娜，智慧女神乌鸦仍然栖在门上，苍白的雅典娜像上，呆坐不动，不飞不动，看来再也不想离开；他的那副眼睛，纯粹像个恶魔陷入了梦境，而吊灯把他的投影映在地上轻轻摇摆，我的灵魂啊被这黑影笼罩，再也起不来， 要想摆脱?永不再!（1） I

37、had tried to borrow from my books surcease of sorrow: 我竭力读书，想以此排遣心中的哀伤。Surcease是古体，意思是终止阻止 （2） a bust of Pallas: 帕拉斯女神的胸像，帕拉斯就是希腊神话中的雅典娜(Athena)。 （3） the Nights Plutonian shore: 黑夜中的的冥界的冥界海岸 （4）subalunary being 地球上的人们。Subalunary意思是月球之下的，地球之上的。 有的版本改为 living human being。 (5) stock and store: 库存物品。此处指

38、乌鸦模仿的人语 （6）Nepenthe 希腊神话中的忘忧药。后泛指一切是人忘记忧愁的东西。 （7） Is there balm in Gilead? 这里讥讽的引用了圣经中的一句：Is there no balm in Gilead; is therd no physician there? 难道基列没有止痛药？难道那里没有医生吗？（基列是死海边的一片山区，生长着许多药用植物） （8）Aidenn 这是坡虚拟的一个地名，暗指伊甸园（Eden）Symbolism in The Raven mainly occurs in the images of the raven itself, the r

39、oom, the month of December, the time of night, the statue and perhaps less obviously, the cushion, the window and the door.From the very beginning of the poem, the mood and tone, which is set to prepare us for the symbols is sombre and gloomy. The phrase once upon a prepares us for the fact that we

40、are about to hear a story, but fast on the heels of the phrase we learn that this is not going to be one of those happy fairy stories.The next words are midnight, and dreary and December. Therefore we see that the raven is not the first symbol to be introduced. Midnight, down throughout the ages, ha

41、s always been referred to as a darkly magic time, symbolising the end of the light, and death as the end of life, a sort of witching hour. Often at this time those who sit up too late working can become drowsy and start to see visions, nightmares or dreams. Also, December in pagan times was the low point or dying time of the year.The door and the window in this poem are symbols of the portal from this world into the next, of the thoughts of reali