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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-dateSingle-chipSingle-chipSingle-chip1 The definition of a single-chip Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small

2、chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chi

3、p microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex system integration on a single chip. Also known as single-chip MCU (Microcontroller), because it was first used in the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated process

4、or. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the process

5、or, From then on, the MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways. Early single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTELs 8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise. Since then in 8031 to develop a single-chip micr

6、ocomputer system MCS51 series. Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial control requirements increase in the beginning of a 16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used. After the 90s with

7、the big consumer electronics product development, single-chip technology is a huge improvement. INTEL i960 Series with subsequent ARM in particular, a broad range of applications, quickly replaced by 32-bit single-chip 16-bit single-chip high-end status, and enter the mainstream market. Traditional

8、8-bit single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power compared to the 80s to raise a few hundred times. At present, the high-end 32-bit single-chip frequency over 300MHz, the performance of the mid-90s close on the heels of a special processor, while the ordinary price of the

9、 model dropped to one U.S. dollars, the most high-end models, only 10 U.S. dollars. Contemporary single-chip microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of singl

10、e-chip microcomputer. In PDAs and cell phones as the core processing of high-end single-chip or even a dedicated direct access to Windows and Linux operating systems. More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of sin

11、gle-chip is the worlds largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse in the Departme

12、nt are equipped with 1-2 single chip. And personal computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace. Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip, complex industrial control systems and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the sam

13、e time! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated computing, even more than the number of human beings. 2 single-chip introduced Single-chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not the completion of a logic function of the chip, but a computer system integrated

14、into a chip. Speaking in general terms: a single chip has become a computer. Its small size, light weight, cheap, for the learning, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use the principle of single-chip computer to understand and structure the best choice.

15、 Single-chip and computer use is also similar to the module, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, as well as the role and the same hard disk memory, is it different from the performance of these components are relatively weak in our home computer a lot, but the price is low, there is generally no more

16、 than 10 yuan . can use it to make some control for a class of electrical work is not very complex is sufficient. We are using automatic drum washing machines, smoke hood, VCD and so on inside the home appliances can see its shadow! . It is mainly as part of the core components of the control. It is

17、 an online real-time control computer, control-line is at the scene, we need to have a stronger anti-interference ability, low cost, and this is off-line computer (such as home PC) The main difference. By single-chip process, and can be amended. Through different procedures to achieve different func

18、tions, in particular the special unique features, this is the need to charge other devices can do a great effort, some of it is also difficult to make great efforts to do so. A function is not very complicated if the United States the development of the 50s series of 74 or 60 during the CD4000 serie

19、s to get these pure hardware, the circuit must be a big PCB board! However, if the United States if the successful 70s series of single-chip market, the result will be different! Simply because the adoption of single-chip preparation process you can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and hig

20、h reliability! Because of the cost of single-chip is sensitive, so the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, which is in addition to the lowest level for more than binary machine code of the language, since such a low-level so why should we use? Many of the seniors language has re

21、ached a level of visual programming Why is it not in use? The reason is simple, that is, single-chip computer as there is no home of CPU, also not as hard as the mass storage device. A visualization of small high-level language program, even if there is only one button which will reach the size of d

22、ozens of K! For the home PCs hard drive is nothing, but in terms of the single-chip microcomputer is unacceptable. Single-chip in the utilization of hardware resources have to do very high, so the compilation of the original while still in heavy use. The same token, if the computer giants operating

23、system and applications run up to get the home PC, home PC can not afford to sustain the same. It can be said that the twentieth century across the three power of the times, that is, the electrical era, the electronic age and has now entered the computer age. However, such a computer, usually refers

24、 to a personal computer, or PC. It consists of the host, keyboards, displays and other components. There is also a type of computer, not how most people are familiar with. This computer is smart to give a variety of mechanical single-chip (also known as micro-controller). As the name suggests, these

25、 computer systems use only the minimum of an integrated circuit to make a simple calculation and control. Because of its small size, are usually charged with possession of machine in the belly in. It in the device, like the human mind plays a role, it is wrong, the entire device was paralyzed. Now,

26、this single chip has a very wide field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, and household appliances. Once a variety of products with the use of the single-chip, will be able to play so that the effectiveness of product upgrading,

27、product names often adjective before the word - intelligent, such as washing machines and so intelligent. At present, some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers from engaging in certain products, not the circuit is too complex, that is functional and easy to be too

28、 simple imitation. The reason may be the product not on the cards or the use of single-chip programmable logic device on the other. 3 single-chip history Single-chip 70 was born in the late 20th century, experienced a SCM, MCU, SoC three stages. Single-chip micro-computer 1.SCM that (Single Chip Mic

29、rocomputer) stage, is mainly a single form to find the best of the best embedded systems architecture. Innovation model to be successful, lay the SCM with the general-purpose computers, a completely different path of development. In embedded systems to create an independent development path, Intel C

30、orporation credit. That is, 2.MCU microcontroller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the various peripheral circuits and interface circuits, to highlight the target of intelligen

31、t control. It covers all areas related with the object system, therefore, the development of MCU inevitably fall on the heavy electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intels development gradually MCU has its objective factors. MCU in the development, the most famous manufactur

32、ers when the number of Philips Corporation. Philips in embedded applications for its enormous advantages, the MCS-51 from the rapid development of single-chip micro-computer to the microcontroller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, Intel and Philips do not

33、forget the historical merits. 3. Single-chip is an independent embedded systems development, to the MCU an important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the on-chip solution; Therefore, the development of dedicated single-chip SoC formed a natural trend. With the mic

34、ro-electronics technology, IC design, EDA tools development, based on the single-chip SoC design application systems will have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of single-chip micro-computer from a single, monolithic single-chip microcontroller extends to applications. 4 single-chip

35、applications At present, single-chip microcomputer to infiltrate all areas of our lives, which is very difficult to find the area of almost no traces of single-chip microcomputer. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft control on a variety of instruments, computer network communications and data tra

36、nsmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, are widely used in a variety of smart IC card, limousine civilian security systems, video recorders, cameras, the control of automatic washing machines, as well as program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which ar

37、e inseparable from the single-chip microcomputer. Not to mention the field of robot automation, intelligent instrumentation, medical equipment has been. Therefore, the single-chip learning, development and application to a large number of computer applications and intelligent control of scientists,

38、engineers. ingle-chip widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment and the intelligent management in areas such as process control, generally can be divided into the following areas: 1. In the smart application of instrumentation Si

39、ngle-chip with small size, low power consumption, control, and expansion flexibility, miniaturization and ease of use, widely used in instrumentation, the combination of different types of sensors, can be realized, such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, ang

40、le, length, hardness, element, measurement of physical pressure. SCM makes use of digital instrumentation, intelligence, miniaturization and functional than the use of electronic or digital circuitry even stronger. For example, precision measurement equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, and analyzer

41、). 2. In the industrial control MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent management, intelligent control of the lift, all kinds of alarm systems, and computer networks constitute a secondary control system. 3. In the appli

42、cation of household appliances It can be said that almost all home appliances are using the single-chip control, electric rice from favorable, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV and other audio video equipment, and then to the electronic weighing equipment, all kinds, everyw

43、here. 4. On computer networks and communication applications in the field of Generally with the modern single-chip communication interface, can be easily carried out with computer data communications, computer networks and in inter-application communications equipment to provide an excellent materia

44、l conditions, the communications equipment is now basically a single-chip Intelligent Control, from the mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications system call, the train wireless communications, and then you can see day-to-day work of mobile phon

45、es, Mobile communications, such as radios. 5. Single-chip in the field of medical equipment applications Single-chip microcomputer in medical devices have a wide range of purposes, such as medical ventilator, various analyzers, monitors, ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and hospital call systems. 6.

46、In a variety of large-scale electrical applications of modular Some special single-chip design to achieve a specific function to carry out a variety of modular circuit applications, without requiring users to understand its internal structure. Integrated single-chip microcomputer such as music, whic

47、h seems to be simple functions, a miniature electronic chip in a pure (as distinct from the principle of tape machine), would require a complex similar to the principle of the computer. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (similar to ROM), read out by the microcontroller into anal

48、og music signal (similar to the sound card). In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduces the size, simplifying the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also to facilitate the replacement. In addition, single-chip microcomputer in the industrial, commercial, financial, scientific research, education, defense aerospace and other fields have a wide range of uses.-