中考英语语法 主谓一致讲解 练习 课件.ppt

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1、Subject-verb agreement,主谓一致,学前诊断,Tom and Jack _ to Hongkong next week. A. is going B. are going C. go D.goes2.Linda together with her friends _ shopping every Sunday afternoon. A.is going B. go C. goes D. are going3.There _ a pair of glasses on the desk, which is made in Taiwan. A.being B.are C. is

2、D.to be4.Either you or Tim _ going to attend the meeting. A. are B. is C. to be D.will be,在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数量上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致,主谓一致的定义,5. Every means _ tried but without much result.A. has been B. have been C. are D. is,定义:,谓语要和主语在人称和数量上保持一致。,1, 语法一致原则,2, 意义一致原则,3, 就近一致原则,三原则,语法一致原则,一. 谓语动词要用

3、单数形式 主语是: 1.单数名词或不可数名词 The food they served _ (be) delicious. 2.动名词, 不定式或从句 Skating in winter _ (be) great fun. To see _(be) to believe. That he is absent _(worry) all his family. Reading books and watching TV (be) my hobbies. 3. a large quantity（amount) of +名词 A large amount of water _ what I need

4、now.,is,is,is,worries,is,多个动名词和不定式做主语，谓语动词用复数,are,主语从句作主语, 其谓语动词的单复数问题: 一个概念的两方面作主语, 谓语用单数; 两个概念则用复数.,Eg: 1)Where and when we shall have the sports meeting _ (be) still unknown. 2)Where we shall have the sports meeting and who will be responsible for it _ (be) still unknown.,is,are,4.不定代词作主语(any-, s

5、ome-, every-, no-),口诀,不定代词作主语，谓语动词用 .,除了 and .,both,all,三单,Either of streets (be) lined by trees and flowers.,is,Both of streets (be) lined by trees and flowers.,are,任意一个,两者都,注意 neither 和 none 往往根据说话人的意思, 单复数都可以. 但指代不可数名词时只能用单数. Neither of the shirts fit/fits me very well. None of them knows/know th

6、e answer. None of this money _ mine.,is,more than a：多于一，不止一,more than one + 单n ,谓语动词用 .,单数,复数,More than two friends (have) cars.,have,more than two + 复n ,谓语动词用 .,不止一个,不止两个，两个以上,More than one worker_(be) going to lose_ (his,their) jobs.,is,their,5. more than one + 单数名词（不止一）”，“many a(许多)”虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动

7、词与单数名词保持一致，习惯上用单数,many a + 单n,许多,Many a student (be) discussing the problem.,is,二. 谓语动词要用复数形式,主语属于以下情况 1,复数名词 2, 由and或bothand连接并列主语时 Tom and Mike share the same bedroom.,注意 and连接词表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数,由and连接的两个并列名词由each, every, no, many a 等词修饰时, 谓语动词仍用单数. 此类结构为: eachand each, everyand every,noand no, many

8、 a and many aMany a boy and many a girl _ been there.,has,and连接词表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数,The poet and doctor (have) come.,has,The poet and the doctor (have) come.,have,The bread and butter (be) on the table.,is,The bread and the butter (be) on the table.,are,and,兼,和,夹,和,那个诗人兼医生,那个诗人和那个医生，两个人,那个夹黄油的面包,面包和黄油,冠

9、 + n and 冠 + n,冠 + n and n,双冠，谓语动词复数,单冠，谓语动词单数,and连接词表示同一概念(配套事物)时，谓语动词用单数,bread and butter,奶油面包,a watch and chain,一块带链的手表,a knife and fork,刀叉,a coat and tie,一件配有领带的上衣,a cart and horse,一辆马车,3.成双成套的词,The glasses (be) on your nose.,are,This pair of glasses (be) mine.,is,trousers,pants,裤子,裤子,shorts,gla

10、sses,短裤,眼镜,gloves,compasses,手套,圆规,单独做主语，谓语动词用 。,复数,和pair连用，谓语动词 。,取决于pair的形式,This two pairs of shoes (be) mine.,are,三. 谓语动词根据中心词确定单复数形式,The teacher together with his students (be) readingbooks now.,is,Nobody but Tom and Mary (know) the secret.,knows,1.当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语, 如介词短语,谓语动词的单复数只看主语, 不受修饰成分的影响.,主

11、语 +,with/together with(和一起),as well as(和一样),except/but(除了，不再有),along with(和一起),besides/in addition to(除了 还有),谓语动词只看主语,rather than (而不是),2. 当pair of/ kind of/ type of/sort of等作主语时, 谓语动词与pair/kind/type/sort保持一致,This kind of bananas _(taste) delicious.These pairs of trousers _(fit) you.,tastes,fit,注意：

12、主语为a large quantity（amount) of +名词，quantities (amounts) of+名词时，谓语动词根据主语中心词quantity或amount 的数决定。Large quantities of water _ polluted.,are,3.当分数、百分数，数量+of+名词作主语时, 谓语与该名词保持一致,the rest of,剩下的，其余的,most of,大多数,the majority/minority of,的大多数/少数,plenty of,大多数,half of,一半,分数,百分数,a part of,一部分,all of,All of us_

13、 attended the lecture about Pompeii.Most of was lecture _ about how the ancient city was discovered.,have,was,注意: population, number,1, population 作主语时, 谓(单数) 分数等+population时, 谓(复数) the population of that country _ very small. seventy-five percent of the population of china _ peasants.2, a number of

14、 +名词复数(许多), 谓(复数) the number of +名词复数(的数量),谓(单数) A number of students _ (go) to the library. The number of students _ 40.,is,are,go,is,一,谓语用单数,当主语是: 1,单数名语,不可数名词 2,不定式,动名词, 从句 3,不定代词(除both, all),( none, neither可单可复,后跟不可数 名词,则只能用单数) 4, a large quantity(amount) of +名词 5, many a /more than one + 名词二, 谓

15、语用复数, 当主语是: 1,复数名词 2, 由and或bothand连接并列主语时(and连接词表示同一 概念时; 由and连接的两个并列名词由each, every, no, many a 等词修饰时) 3.成双成套的词(如trousers, pants单独做主语时,谓用单数, 和pair连用时,谓取决于pair的形式),二,谓语动词根据中心词确定单复数形式,当主语是: 1.当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语, 如介词短语,谓语动词的单复数只看主语(如with/together with) 2. 当pair of/ kind of/ type of/sort of等作主语时, 谓语动词与pair/

16、kind/type/sort保持一致3.当分数、百分数，数量+of+名词作主语时,谓语与该名词保持一致. (如the rest of, a part of)4. 两个特殊的词: population, number 1) population 作主语时, 谓(单数) 分数等+population时, 谓(复数) 2) a number of +名词复数, 谓(复数) the number of +名词复数,谓(单数),Fill in the blanks with the right form of the give verbs._ (have) your classmates finishe

17、d their homework?(2) My friend and I _ (want) to play outside after watching TV.(3) Most of the students _ (prefer) English to Mathematics.(4) Collecting stamps _ (be) one of his favorite pastimes.,Have,want,prefer,is,Exercise,一.时间金钱问题,基数词+表时间/距离/价值或其他度量单位的名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体.,Ten do

18、llars is a price for that hat.,Thirty miles is not a long distance.,如果把这些数量概念看作组成数量的个体时,谓语动词用复数,Ten years have passed since he came to this city.,意义一致原则,二. 书名,报刊名,戏剧句, 国家名,当此类名词或词组作主语时,常看作一个整体, 谓语动词用单数形式. New York Times is a very good newspaper. The United States was founded in 1776.,三.冠词,The + 姓氏 +

19、 s ：,表示一家人，谓语动词用 。,复数,The + adj ：,表示一类人，谓语动词用 。,复数,The Blacks (be) watching TV now.,are,The good (be) happy.,are,the dead,死人,the living,活人,the rich,富人,the poor,穷人,the sick,病人,the young,年轻人,the old,老人,the disabled,残疾人,the blind,盲人,“the +adj.”指个人或抽象概念时, 谓语用_ 形式.,单数,The beauty is loved by all.,当主语是army

20、, audience, class, crowd, band, crowd, class, dozen, family, public 和team 等集合名词时，如果表达整体概念，谓语动词用单数，如果强调集合里的个体，谓语动词用复数。Our team _ very important to me.Our team _ now making their way to Xinjiang.The cattle_ eating grass near the river.特殊4： 集合名词 people, police, cattle 作主语时，谓语动词无论什么时候都应当使用复数形式。,is,are,a

21、re,四. 集体名词,团队的词确定单复数,family,单数,class,team,club,group,家人,同学,队员,成员,组员,家庭,班级,队,俱乐部,组,复数,指团队中的成员，就用复数。,指整个团队，就用单数。,团队的词确定单复数,My family (be) very small.,is,My family (be) having lunch now.,are,The police _ searching the lost boy.,are,五. 单复数形式相同的名词 sheep deer means aircraft 等 根据具体意义决定 Every means _ been t

22、ried.= All means _ been tried.,has,have,意义一致原则要点总结,一.时间,距离,金钱,度量衡二. 书名,报刊名,戏剧句, 国家名三. The + 姓氏 + s(一家人) The + adj(一类人) 四. 集体名词五.单复数形式相同的名词(如sheep deer),either A or B,neither A nor B,就近一致原则,not only A but also B,there be A and B,或者 A 或者 B,既不 A 也不 B,不但 A 而且 B,有 A 和 B,谓语与最靠近的名词（代词）保持一致。,Either you or h

23、e (be) right.,is,Either he or you (be) right.,are,Both you and he (be) right.,Both he and you (be) right.,are,are,both A and B：两者都，不适用就近原则。,就近原则,Not only the childen but also their father (like) playing computer games.,likes,Not only their father but also the childen (like) playing computer games.,l

24、ike,就近一致原则总结 当用either or、neither nor、not only but also 、whetheror和not but连接句子主语时，采取 “就近原则”。（there be 句型也是就近原则）Either the team leader or the guides _looking after the students.Not only the guides but also the team leader _ looking after the students. There _ two pencils and a knife in my pencil box.,

25、are,is,are,(1) _ (be) your family a big one?(2) All my family _ (get) up early in the morning.(3) Neither his father nor his mother _ (play) the piano.(4) The remains of the old castle _ (be) destroyed in World War Two.(5) Not only Jim but also his Parents _ (be) going to see you next Sunday.,are,we

26、re,plays,get,Is,Exercise,1. All the professional personnel _ invited to attend the meeting. A. have B. were C. has D. was2. Every doctor and every nurse _ a new hospital for SARS patients. A. has founded B. have found C. expects to found D. has to be found3. The number of students in this school _.

27、A. is increasing B. are increasing C. is increased D. are increased,B,C,A,6) 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词 及eachand each, everyand every,noand no, many a and many a结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：,_,5. You, who_ his good friend, should help him get out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. was6. A pair of shoes _ under

28、 the bed. A. was B. wereC. has been D. have been7. Many a student _ the film now. A. has seenB. had seenC. have seenD. saw,4. The questions which _ to yours are not easy to answer. A. is the same B. are different C. is like D. are similar,D,C,A,A,_,_,如果主语有more than one 或many a 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动

29、词仍然用单数形式。如：,8. The police _ the lost boy all day. A. is searching for B. are searching for C. searches for D. search9. Not only I but also she _ this. A. know B. knows C. am known D. known10.The news that she is coming to visit us _ exciting. A. is B. was C. were D. are,D,B,A,主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数， 谓语动词用复

30、数。如：,The crowd were surrounding the government official.,people, police, cattle,_,并列主语用连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接，谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。,13. Five minus three _ two. A. is B. are C. was D. were14. Twenty dollars _ enough for the coat. A. is B. are C. was D. were,11. The crowd _ for

31、their lives A. were run B. were running C. was run D. was running,B,A,A,当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：,_,_,15.The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them _ not. A. wasB. wereC. beingD. to be16.Either Tom or I _ to blame. A. to beB. amC. areD. is17._

32、 good exercise. A. Climbing hills is B. Climbing the hill is C. The climbing hills are D. The climbing of hills are,B,B,A,如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, rest, some, neither, none, no等词，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之用单 数。如：,18. Something _ gone wrong with my TV set. A. hasB. haveC. isD. are19. This is one of the best f

33、ilms that _ this year. A. is appearing B. appear C. has appeared D. have appeared20. Half of the students _ made the same mistake. A. hasB. haveC. isD. are21. The old _ taken good care of in our country. A. isB. hasC. areD. have,A,D,B,C,_,关系代词which, who, that在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。,half of

34、, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,_,_,“the形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。,22. Each

35、soldier and each sailor _ a thick coat. A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given23. Where _ dirt, there are flies. A. there hasB. isC. there isD. there are24. A fork and knife _ on the table. A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been25. When and where to build the factory _ yet. A. is not dec

36、ided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,C,A,A,B,_,a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle and thread /a coat and tie配有领带的上衣A knife and fork is needed for a western meal.吃西餐时要用刀和叉。The cart and horse is coming.马车来了。(配套事物),26. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs _ popular with people of al

37、l ages since it was made into the first full-length cartoon. A. wereB. wasC. has beenD. is27.All but one _ here just now. A. is B. wasC. has beenD. were28. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea. A. is B. are C. were D. has been29. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. knows B. know C. have know

38、n D. is known,C,D,A,A,形复意单的单词有：news，works 和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称（如：“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”，the United States, the United Nations）以及以ics结尾的学科名称（如：physics，politics，maths，economics等）。,当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。,_,