sap学习资料7833.docx

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1、Day2Your First ABAP/4 Program Before Proceeding Exploriing thhe Devvelopmment EEnviroonmentt Discoveering Progrram Tyypes o Defininng Repports o Defininng Diaalog PPrograams Discoveering Reporrt Commponennts o Discoveering the PPrograam Runntime Objecct o Introduucing Progrram Naaming Conveentionns

2、Creatinng Youur Firrst Prrogramm Exploriing thhe Souurce CCode EEditorr o Using tthe Edditor: Inittial SScreenn o Exploriing thhe Funnctionnalityy of tthe Soource Code Editoor Gettingg Helpp o Obtainiing F11 Helpp o Obtainiing R33 Librrary HHelp Findingg Yourr Deveelopmeent Obbjectss Introduucing th

3、e RR/3 Daata Diictionnary o Exploriing Taables and SStructtures o Displayying aa Tablle or Struccture Definnitionn o Displayying DData iin thee Tablle o Determiining Displlayed Fieldds Understtandinng ABAAP/4 SSyntaxx o Introduucing the sselectt Stattementt o Understtandinng Tabble Woork Arreas o In

4、troduucing the wwhere Clausse o Workingg withh Systtem Vaariablles o Using tthe Chhain OOperattor o Using tthe seelect singlle Staatemennt o Commentting CCode aand Foormal Docummentattion Summaryy Q&A Workshoop o Quiz o Editor Exercisses o Programmming Exerccises After yyou coomplette thiis chaapter

5、, you shoulld be able to: Create and mmodifyy simpple ABBAP/4 progrrams. Use staandardd funcctionss in tthe ABBAP/4 editoor. Use F1 and RR/3 Liibraryy helpp funcctionss. Find yoour prrogramms usiing thhe Objject BBrowseer andd the editoor. Displayy a taable aand itts conntentss usinng thee Dataa Dic

6、ttionarry. Use thee tablles annd sellect sstatemments. Chain sstatemments togetther uusing the cchain operaator. Add commmentss and docummentattion tto youur proogramss. Before ProceeedinggBefore proceeedingg, youu shouuld: Be comffortabble wiith a progrramminng lannguagee suchh as CC, COBBOL, oor V

7、issual BBasic. To oobtainn the full beneffit frrom thhis annd alll folllowingg chappters, you shoulld alsso havve twoo or mmore yyears of prreviouus devvelopmment eexperiience. Set up your interrface as reecommeended in Daay 1 iin thee secttion The IInterfface MMenu, if yyou haave noot donne so alre

8、aady. Performm the instaall prroceduure foor thee ScreeenCamms on the CCD-ROMM. Thee insttall pproceddure iis desscribeed in the rreadmee.txt file foundd in tthe rooot diirectoory off the CD-ROOM. Many off the proceeduress in tthis bbook aare deemonsttratedd usinng ScrreenCaams. SScreennCams are lli

9、ke mmoviess; theey shoow a sseriess of sscreenns, inncludiing keeystrookes aand moouse mmovemeents, with a desscripttive vvoiceoover. They can bbe fouund onn the CD-ROOM thaat commes wiith thhis boook. SSee thhe reaadme.ttxt fiile foound iin thee roott direectoryy of tthe CDD-ROM for mmore iinformma

10、tionn. Exploriing thhe Devvelopmment EEnviroonmenttA devellopmennt objject iis anyythingg creaated bby a ddevelooper. Exampples oof devvelopmment oobjectts aree proggrams, screeens, tablees, viiews, struccturess, datta moddels, messaages, and iincluddes. The R/33 systtem coontainns toools foor creea

11、tingg and testiing deeveloppment objeccts. TThese toolss are locatted inn the R/3 DDeveloopmentt Workkbenchh. To accesss anyy deveelopmeent toool, yyou goo to tthe woorkbennch. The worrkbencch conntainss thesse toools too helpp you creatte devvelopmment oobjectts: The ABAAP/4 pprograam ediitor wwher

12、e you ccan crreate and mmodifyy ABAPP/4 soource code and oother progrram coomponeents The Datta Dicctionaary whhere yyou caan creeate ttabless, strructurres, aand viiews The Datta moddeler wheree you can ddocumeent thhe rellationnshipss betwween ttabless The Funnctionn librrary wwhere you ccan crrea

13、te globaal ABAAP/4 ffunctiion mooduless The scrreen aand meenu paainterrs wheere yoou cann creaate a user interrface for yyour pprograams The folllowinng tessting and ssearchh toolls aree alsoo avaiilablee: the ABAAP/4 DDebuggger the SQLL tracce toool useed to tune SQL sstatemments the runntime anal

14、yyzer ffor opptimizzing yyour pprograams pperforrmancee a wheree-usedd tooll for impacct anaalysiss a compuuter-aaided test tool for rregresssion testiing a repossitoryy searrch toool foor finnding devellopmennt objjects the Worrkbencch Orgganizeer forr recoordingg channges tto objjects and ppromott

15、ing tthem iinto pproducction All devvelopmment oobjectts aree porttable, meanning tthat yyou caan coppy theem froom onee R/3 systeem to anothher. TThis iis usuually done to moove yoour deeveloppment objeccts frrom thhe devvelopmment ssystemm to tthe prroducttion ssystemm. If the ssourcee and targeet

16、 sysstems are oon diffferennt opeeratinng sysstems or usse diffferennt dattabasee systtems, your devellopmennt objjects will run aas-is and wwithouut anyy modiificattion. This is trrue foor alll plattformss suppportedd by RR/3. (For aa listt of ssupporrted hhardwaare annd opeeratinng sysstems, refee

17、r to Tablee 1.1.) Discoveering Progrram TyypesThere aare twwo maiin typpes off ABAPP/4 prrogramms: reportss dialog progrrams Defininng RepportsThe purrpose of a reporrt is to reead daata frrom thhe dattabasee and writee it oout. IIt connsistss of oonly ttwo sccreenss (seee Figuure 2.1). Figure 2.1:T

18、The seelectiion sccreen and tthe ouutput screeen. The firrst sccreen is caalled the sselecttion sscreenn. It contaains iinput fieldds alllowingg the user to ennter ccriterria foor thee repoort. FFor exxamplee, thee repoort maay prooduce a lisst of saless for a givven daate raange, so thhe datte rann

19、ge innput ffieldss woulld apppear oon thee repoorts selecction screeen. The seccond sscreenn is tthe ouutput screeen. Itt conttains the llist. The llist iis thee outpput frrom thhe repport, and uusuallly doees nott havee any inputt fiellds. IIn ourr exammple, it woould ccontaiin a llist oof thee sal

20、ees thaat occcurredd withhin thhe speecifieed datte rannge. The sellectioon scrreen iis opttionall. Nott all reporrts haave onne. Hooweverr, alll repoorts ggeneraate a list. In thiss bookk, youu willl learrn howw to ccreatee repoort prrogramms. Defininng Diaalog PPrograamsDialog progrrams aare moore

21、 fllexiblle thaan repports, and so arre morre commplex at thhe proogram levell. Theey cann conttain aany nuumber of sccreenss, andd the screeen seqquencee can be chhangedd dynaamicallly att run time. On eeach sscreenn, youu can have inputt fiellds, ooutputt fiellds, ppushbuuttonss, andd moree thann

22、one scrolllablee areaa. Discoveering Reporrt CommponenntsABAP/4 reporrts coonsistt of ffive ccomponnents (showwn in Figurre 2.22): Figure 2.2.TThe coomponeents oof an ABAP/4 proogram. Source code Attribuutes Text ellementts Documenntatioon Variantts Only thhe souurce ccode aand prrogramm attrributee

23、 compponentts aree requuired. The rest of thhe commponennts arre opttionall. All devvelopmment oobjectts andd theiir commponennts arre stoored iin thee R/3 databbase. For eexamplle, thhe souurce ccode ffor a reporrt is storeed in databbase ttable dd0100s. Discoveering the PPrograam Runntime ObjecctA

24、BAP/4 progrrams aare innterprreted; theyy are not ccompilled. TThe fiirst ttime yyou exxecutee a prrogramm, thee systtem auutomatticallly genneratees a rruntimme objject. The rruntimme objject iis a ppre-prrocesssed foorm off the sourcce codde. Hooweverr, it is noot an execuutablee thatt you can rru

25、n att the operaating systeem levvel. IInsteaad, itt requuires the RR/3 syystem to innterprret itt. Thee runttime oobjectt is aalso kknown as thhe gennerateed forrm of the pprograam. If you changge thee sourrce coode, tthe ruuntimee objeect iss autoomaticcally regennerateed thee nextt timee you execu

26、ute thhe proogram. Introduucing Progrram Naaming ConveentionnsThe commpany you wwork ffor iss a cuustomeer of SAP. Thereefore, proggrams that you ccreatee at yyour ccompanny aree callled cuustomeer progrrams. Customeer devvelopmment oobjectts musst folllow nnamingg convventioons thhat arre preedefin

27、ned byy SAP. Thesse connventiions aare caalled the ccustommer naame raange. For pprograams, tthe cuustomeer namme rannge iss two to eiight ccharaccters long and tthe prrogramm namee mustt starrt witth thee lettter y or z. SAPP reseerves the lletterrs a throough xx for theirr own progrrams. Please ta

28、ke a momment nnow too chooose a uniquue 3-ccharaccter iidentiifier for yyour pprograams. WWithinn thiss bookk, Illl reffer too thiss idenntifieer as your handlle. Itt mustt begiin witth a yy or z. Forr exammple, you mmight use tthe leetter z folllowed by yoour twwo iniitialss. Thee notaation will in

29、diccate wwhere you sshouldd use your handlle. Foor exaample, if yyou chhose zzkg annd youu see the ddirecttion Enterr a prrogramm namee of aabc, you wwould enterr zkgaabc. II recoommendd thatt as yyou goo throough tthis bbook, you sshouldd use your handlle as the ffirst threee charracterrs of all dd

30、eveloopmentt objeects yyou crreate. If yyou doo, theey willl be easy to reecogniize laater, and eeasy tto finnd. The proogram naminng connventiions aadopteed forr thiss bookk are as foollowss: Sample progrrams ffrom tthe teext off chappters folloow thee convventioon ztxxccnn, wherre cc is the cchapt

31、eer nummber aand nnn is aa sequuentiaal nummber ffrom 001 to 99. Programm namees useed in exerccises folloow thee convventioon ztyyccnn, wherre cc is the cchapteer nummber aand nnn is aa sequuentiaal nummber. The pprograam namme forr the soluttion wwill bbe ztzzccnn. Utilityy proggrams proviided oon

32、 thee CD-RROM foollow the nnamingg convventioon y-xxxxxxx, wwhere xxxxxxx is the nname oof thee utillity. The settup prrogramm thatt creaates ddeveloopmentt objeects aand looads tthem wwith ddata ffor thhe exeercisees is calleed y-ssetup. If nnecesssary, it caan be re-ruun at any ttime tto resstore

33、the eexerciise daata too its origiinal ccondittion. To reemove all tthe deeveloppment objeccts annd datta creeated by thhe settup prrogramm fromm the systeem, ruun y-uuninstt. Seee the readmme.txtt filee on tthe CDD-ROM for mmore iinformmationn. Creatinng Youur Firrst PrrogrammWhat foollowss is aa d

34、esccriptiion off the proceess yoou willl folllow tto creeate aa proggram. When yoou siggn on to R/3 to creatte youur firrst ABBAP/4 progrram, tthe fiirst sscreenn you see wwill bbe thee SAP main menu. Fromm therre, yoou willl go to thhe Devvelopmment WWorkbeench, and tthen tto thee edittor. YYou wii

35、ll ennter aa proggram nname, and ccreatee the progrram. TThe fiirst sscreenn you will see wwill bbe thee Proggram AAttribbutes screeen. Thhere, you mmust eenter the pprograam atttributtes annd savve theem. Yoou willl theen be allowwed too procceed tto thee sourrce coode edditor. In tthe soource code

36、 editoor, yooull enterr sourrce coode, ssave iit, annd theen exeecute the pprograam. Start tthe SccreenCCam HHow too Creaate Yoour Fiirst PPrograam noow. Follow this proceedure to crreate your firstt proggram. Help with commoon prooblemss is ggiven in thhe Trooublesshooteer thaat folllows it. IIf yo

37、uu havee trouuble wwith aany onne of the ssteps, dont forrget tto connsult the TTroublleshoooter. 1. From thhe R/33 mainn menuu, sellect tthe meenu paath Toools-ABAP/4 Worrkbencch. A screeen witth thee titlle ABAAP/4 DDeveloopmentt Workkbenchh is ddisplaayed. 2. Press tthe ABBAP/4 Editoor buttton oo

38、n thee appllicatiion tooolbarr. Thee ABAPP/4 Edditor: Inittial SScreenn is ddisplaayed. 3. In the Progrram fiield, type the pprograam namme 02001. 4. Press tthe Crreate buttoon. Thhe ABAAP/4: Progrram Atttribuutes sscreenn is ddisplaayed. The ffieldss conttaininng queestionn markks aree requuired. 5

39、. Type Myy Firsst ABAAP/4 PPrograam in the TTitle fieldd. By defauult, tthe coontentts of this fieldd willl appeear att the top oof thee listt. 6. Type 1 in thhe Typpe fieeld. AA 1 indiicatess the progrram iss a reeport. 7. Type ann asteerisk (*) in the AAppliccationn fielld. Thhe vallue inn the App

40、liicatioon fieeld inndicattes too whicch appplicattion aarea tthis pprograam bellongs. The compllete llist oof vallues ccan bee obtaained by poositiooning your cursoor on this fieldd and then clickking oon thee downn-arroow to the rright of itt. Forr exammple, if thhis prrogramm beloongs tto Invvent

41、orry mannagemeent, yyou woould pput ann L inn the Appliicatioon fieeld. SSince this is a simplle tesst proogram, I haave ussed ann asteerisk to inndicatte thaat thiis proogram does not bbelongg to aany paarticuular aappliccationn areaa. 8. Tickmarrk thee Edittor Loock chheck bbox. EEnabliing Edditor

42、 lock will preveent chhangess to tthe prrogramm by aanyonee otheer thaan thee creaator. For yyour eexerciises, tickmmark tthis bbox too safeeguardd yourr proggrams from acciddentall modiificattion bby othhers. Howevver, yyou shhould not usse thiis to lock actuaal devvelopmment pprograams. IIt willl

43、preevent otherr proggrammeers frrom maaintaiining them laterr. 9. To savee the progrram atttribuutes, presss the Save buttoon on the SStandaard tooolbarr. Thee Creaate Obbject Catallog Enntry sscreenn is ddisplaayed. 10. Press tthe Loocal OObjectt buttton. TThe prrogramm attrributees scrreen iis red

44、displaayed. In thhe staatus bbar att the bottoom of the sscreenn, thee messsage Attriibutess for progrram saaved appeaars. (Note: the messaage yoou seee willl conttain tthe prrogramm namee too, but sincee thiss namee willl varyy for each user, it iis lefft outt of tthe teext inn the book. Thiss conv

45、ventioon of leaviing thhe devvelopmment oobjectt namee out of thhe messsage will be caarriedd throoughouut thee bookk.) 11. Press tthe Soource Code buttoon on the aappliccationn toollbar. The AABAP/44 Edittor: EEdit PPrograam scrreen iis dissplayeed. 12. Choose the mmenu ppath SSettinngs-EEditorr Mo

46、dee. Thee Edittor: SSettinngs sccreen is diisplayyed. 13. Choose the rradio buttoon PC Mode With Line Numbeering. 14. Choose the rradio buttoon Lowwer Caase. 15. Press tthe Coopy buutton (the greenn checck marrk). YYou haave noow savved yoour edditor settiings. (Edittor seettinggs onlly neeed to be

47、seet oncce.) 16. Look att linee 1. IIf it does not ccontaiin thee stattementt repoort 02201., type it noow, ass showwn in Listiing 2.1. 17. On linee 2, ttype wwrite Helllo SAPP worlld. UUse siingle quotees andd put a perriod aat thee end of thhe linne. 18. Press tthe Saave buutton on thhe Staandardd toollbar. 19. To execcute yyour pprograam, chhoose