实施SAPR3软件中项目管理(1)43823.docx

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1、Project Management with SAP R/3Teachinng Matteriall for the DDeparttment ofProducttion MManageementVienna Univeersityy of EEconommics aandBusinesss AdmministtratioonAndreass MilddAlfred TaudeesV.1.01Introoductiion32Basiccs & KKeyworrds43Gettiing reeady ffor thhe worrkshopp74Case Studyy134.1Casse des

2、scripttion134.2Datta forr Projject RRealizzationn145Plannning tthe prrojectt struucturee155.1Genneral155.2Impplemenntatioon in SAP176Scheddulingg266.1Genneral266.2Bassic caalculaationss296.3Impplemenntatioon306.4Thee projject pplanniing booard417Cost plannning & Conttrolliing477.1Genneral477.2Impple

3、menntatioon488Lookiing upp the costss619Capaccity PPlanniing649.1Genneral649.2Impplemenntatioon in SAP6510Earnned Vaalue AAnalyssis6910.1Geenerall6910.1.1Measuuremennt tecchniquues6910.1.2Calcuulatioon of Earneed-Vallue annd Devviatioon Anaalysiss7310.1.3Aggreegatioon7410.2Immplemeentatiion7411Execc

4、utionn7711.1Immplemeentatiion7711.1.1Confiirmingg netwwork aactiviities7711.1.2Invoiices7911.1.3Materrial8312Infoormatiion Syystem8612.1Immplemeentatiion8612.1.1Cost reporrts8612.1.2Earneed-Vallue Annalysiis9213Liteeraturre981 IntroduuctionnThis sccript servees as a bassis foor thee workkshop Projje

5、ct MManageement with SAP RR/3. This worksshop iis parrt of a serries oof SAPP-relaated wworkshhops wwhich are hheld bby thee Depaartmennt of Produuctionn Manaagemennt of the VViennaa Univversitty of Econoomics and BBusineess Addminisstratiion, hheadedd by PProf. Dr. AAlfredd Tauddes. TThe woorkshoop

6、 wass deveelopedd by AAndreaas Milld. The goaal of this Projeect Maanagemment WWorkshhop iss thatt, aftter haaving attennded iit, eaach sttudentt shouuld bee famiiliar with the ttheoreeticall backkgrounnds annd be able to pllan annd conntrol a prooject. The projeect maanagerr has the ttask oof enssu

7、ringg thatt the projeect iss execcuted efficcientlly, onn timee, andd withhin thhe buddget - whicch he/she aachievves byy makiing ceertainn thatt the requiired rresourrces aand fuunds aare avvailabble whhen neeeded. Everry stuudent shoulld theen be able to puut hiss/her SAP kknowleedge iinto aaction

8、n.To makee the contiinuouss imprrovemeent off thiss scriipt poossiblle, pllease reporrt misstakess founnd or ideass for furthher deeveloppment to anndreass.milddwu-wwien.aac.at.2 Basics & KeyywordssSAP R/33 is aan inttegratted annd inddustryy-indeependeent sttandarrd sofftwaree whicch covvers, integ

9、gratess and conneects aall fuunctioonal aareas in a businness. SAP AAG deffines integgratioon as defiined ccommunnicatiion. AFOS (Hrsg.) SAP Arbeit, Management. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden 1996 p.59 Althoough RR/3 iss desiigned for ccompleete inntegraation, it ccan allso bee usedd for a couuple oof bussi

10、nesss areaas. Computerwelt No. 13 of 13. 3. 1998, p. 20 SAP is the aabbrevviatioon forr “Systteme, Anwenndungeen, Prroduktte”, tthe Geerman wordss for “Systtems, Appliicatioons, PProduccts”. AFOS (Hrsg.) SAP Arbeit, Management. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden 1996 p. 59 Informaation aboutt the compaany caan

11、be foundd at: http:/.Projectts aree taskks witth speecial charaacteriisticss. Atttributtes off a pprojecct aree the folloowing issuees: complexxity, non-rrepetiitivitty, hiigh riisk detaileed goaals too be aachievved time reestricctionss high coost annd cappital expennditurre qualityy requuiremeents

12、 often sstrateegic ssignifficancceTo be aable tto plaan, moonitorr, conntrol, and carryy out a prooject as a wholee, thee projject ggoals must be prreciseely deescribbed annd thee actiivitiees to be peerformmed haave too be sstructtured. A projeect caan be descrribed as foollowss: accordiing too how

13、 it iss orgaanizedd, i.ee. by explaainingg the projeect sttructuure, accordiing too the proceesses invollved.A projeect sttarts out aas a sstatemment oof worrk whiich iss eithher a writtten deescripption of thhe objjectivves too be aachievved annd thee desiired rrough scheddule llike sstart and eend

14、 daates. In thhe desscripttion oone coould iincludde alsso perrformaance mmetriccs andd budgget coonstraaints.A projeect iss furtther ssubdivvided into meaniingfull piecces, rreferrred too as ttasks. Taskks takke usuually less than a feww montths. TThe taask caan be furthher suubdiviided iinto ssubt

15、assks.A work packaage caan be definned ass “a ggroup of acctivitties ccombinned too be aassignnable to a singlle orgganizaationaal uniit.” Chase R./Aquilano N./Jacobs R. Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing and Services, p.48 The prooject taskss, subbtaskss, andd workk packkages are b

16、broughht intto a hhierarrchy bby deffiningg a woork brreakdoown sttructuure.The inddividuual ellementts reppresennt acttivitiies wiithin the wwork bbreakddown sstructture aand arre callled wwork bbreakddown sstructture eelemennts (WWBS ellementts). WBS eleementss can be: tasks partiall taskks whiich

17、 arre subbdividded fuurtherr work paackageesWBS cann be sstructtured accorrding to object functioon phaseWhich kkind oof strructurring iis useed deppends on thhe foccus off the projeect. OObjectts oriientattion iis oftten ussed, iif thee mainn partt of tthe prrojectt is aa physsical objecct likke a

18、ppower plantt. Funnctionnal orrganissationn is ppreferrred, if maany diiffereent paarts oof an organnisatiion orr manyy orgaanisattions are iinvolvved.In pracctice, all threee kindds of struccturinng aree usedd withhin onne WBSS.“Projecct Mannagemeent caan be definned ass plannning, direectingg, and

19、d conttrolliing reesourcces (ppeoplee, equuipmennt, maateriaal) too meett the technnical, costt and time consttraintts of the pprojecct.” Chase R./Aquilano N./Jacobs R. Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing and Services, p.48 Thee primmary rreasonn why projeects ffail iis inssufficcien

20、t efforrt in the pplanniing phhase. Chase R./Aquilano N./Jacobs R. Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing and Services p. 69 Projeect Maanagemment tthus iis connsiderred ass veryy impoortantt.The SAPP Projject SSystemm enabbles cclose and cconstaant moonitorring oof alll aspeects oof a

21、pprojecct by havinng connstantt acceess too dataa in aall thhe deppartmeents iinvolvved.Projectt manaagemennt cann be ssubdivvided into projeect pllanninng, i.e. thhe tassk whiich wiill bee undeertakeen beffore tthe prrojectt starrts, aand prrojectt conttrolliing duuring the iimplemmentattion oof th

22、ee projject.PPlanniing muust inncludee: organizzationn seervicee processs daates costs capacittyThere aare maany poossiblle prooject goalss suchh as, for eexamplle, too reallize aa posiitive net ppresennt vallue, tto achhieve a higgh impputed interrest, to miinimizze cossts, tto covver coosts, to ma

23、aximizze grooss prrofit, or ssimplyy to ffinishh as eearly as poossiblle. Hooweverr, it is immportaant, tthat ggoals are ddefineed opeeratioonallyy, thaait iss whenn it iis posssiblee to mmeasurre to whichh exteent thhe goaal hass beenn achiieved. The prooject managger brreaks the pprojecct dowwn in

24、tto a sset off actiivitiees. Thhen hee alsoo defiines tthe reelatioonshipps amoong thhese aactiviities. The outcoome iss a guuideliine reegardiing thhe acttivitiies thhat caan be perfoormed in paaralleel andd thosse thaat havve to be doone inn a seequenttial oorder. Thiss taskk is ddone vvia pllanni

25、nng by netwoork.Now, thhere aare acctivitties tthat rrequirre cappacitiies annd ressourcees likke perrsonneel andd mateerial. Suchh resoourcess are limitted annd theese reequireementss havee to bbe connsiderred inn ordeer to be abble too deveelop aa feassible, sounnd plaan. Innformaation from otherr

26、 moduules aas e.gg. thee mateerial plannning mmodulee is rrequirred.The sysstem ccalcullates the mmateriial reequireementss for each step of thhe prooject and oorganiizes tthat mmateriials aare boought in tiime too avoiid dellays. When purchhasingg mateerial, the systeem takkes innto acccountt ordee

27、r sizzes, iinventtory ppoliciies ass welll as oother inforrmatioon. To preppare tthe fiinanciial sttatemeents, the vvalue of woork inn proggress (inclludingg projject wwork) has tto be calcuulatedd. Thiis alsso reqquiress inteeractiion off somee R/3 modulles.Thus, tthe syystem needss infoormatiion f

28、rrom alll bussinesss areaas simmultanneouslly. Annd thiis is exacttly whhat inntegraation does.The prooject modulle is part of thhe inttegratted coonceptt of SSAP R/3 proovidinng intterfacces too otheer moddules like Accouuntingg, Disstribuution, Mateerial Managgementt and Produuctionn Plannning and

29、 CControol. Eaach arrea wiithin the oorganiizatioon hass its own sstructture aand itts ownn vieww of tthe prrojectt, butt dataa has to bee enteered oonly oonce.3 Gettingg readdy forr the worksshop This chhapterr provvides inforrmatioon on the ffirst use oof thee systtem. Loggingg on RR/3Loggingg off

30、SAP R/33 is aa clieent/seerver appliicatioon. Thherefoore, yyou haave too canccel thhe connnectiion wiith thhe serrver bby tellling it thhat yoou wannt to log ooff. Create SessiionOften iit is usefuul to open more screeens. YYou caan do this by crreatinng a nnew seessionn, likke a nnew doocumennt in

31、 a worrd proocessoor.SAP HellpIf you want to geet somme bassic innformaation aboutt a sppecifiic fieeld, ffocus this fieldd withh yourr mousse andd presss .Thee diallog boox inddicatees whaat thee fielld is for. Somettimes even depenndenciies arre expplaineed.Match ccodesMatch ccodes are uusefull fo

32、r findiing daata, bbecausse it is diifficuult too knoww/remeember the iidentiificattion nnumberr of aa linee posiition such as a materrial.Examplee:You wannt to edit the mmateriial maaster of a materrial. You ddont know the nnumberr, butt you know that the mmateriial deescripption startts witth somm

33、ethinng likke “PMM_”If you presss F4 yyou geet a ssearchh-maskk wherre youu are able to seearch with wildccardsAfter hhavingg presssed EEnter you gget a list with the ssearchh resuults.Then yoou cann seleect onne matteriall, youu can sort oor canncel. Transacction CodessThe folllowinng scrreen wwill

34、 bbe oftten ussed duuring the wworkshhop. TThus, we caan usee Trannsactiion Coodes ffor faaster accesss.Then seelect Struccture plannning Channge Prrojectt.Now, wee wantt to “bbookmaark” tthis sscreenn.So, we look up thhe traansacttion ccode.The staatus ddialogg box openss:Here wee see a lott of iin

35、formmationn conccerninng impportannt rellevantt techhnicall detaails.Whereveer youu findd yourrself in thhe sysstem, you ccan geet to this screeen by enterring CCJ20 iin thee Trannsactiion sccreen.Let us refinne thiis a llittlee bit. If yyou haave seeverall trannsactiion coodes, you mmay geet connfu

36、sedd. Keyy in tthe appproprriate transsactioon codde andd the commeent eddit prrojectt struucturee.Then, iif youu openn the comboo box of thhe traansacttion ccodes afterr haviing ennteredd moree codees, yoou willl finnd thee apprropriaate onne .The Staandardd ToollbarIn manyy screeens yyou wiill fii

37、nd thhe staandardd toollbar.Save buuttonWhen yoou preess thhe savve buttton, the ssystemm alsoo valiidatess yourr inpuut. Iff therre wass an eerror, you have to coorrectt the errorr firsst,beffore yyou caan prooceed.Back buuttonIf you clickk the back bbuttonn you returrn to the pprevioous sccreen wi

38、thoout saaving your data. HelpEnter bbuttonnWhen yoou havve finnishedd enteering inforrmatioon on a scrreen, you ppress the EEnter buttoon whiich peerformms thee samee funcction as prressinng thee Enteer keyy.Exit buuttonPress iit, iff you want to leeave tthe cuurrentt appllicatiion too go bback tto

39、 thee prevvious menuee.Cancel buttoonClick oon thiis buttton tto exiit thee currrent ttask wwithouut savving. The CCancell buttton peerformms thee samee funcction as Caancel in thhe Ediit mennu.Print bbuttonn Paging keysFind/Fiind neext buuttonClick oon thiis buttton, if yoou wannt to perfoorm a sea

40、rcch forr dataa requuired in thhe scrreen yyou arre currrentlly worrking in. 4 Case Sttudy4.1 Case deescripptionThis caase waas devvelopeed in orderr to ddemonsstratee the projeect syystem of SAAP R/33 . Alll priices aand daata arre purre ficction and hheld vvery ssimplee.The objject oof thee projje

41、ct iis thee speccificaation and iinstalllatioon of an ellevatoor.Physicaally, the EElevattor coonsistts of a cabinne an engiine mechaniical pparts a contrrol unnitIn the coursse of the pprojecct, thhese pparts must be coonstruucted, proccured and aassembbled.At the end, an exxternaal insspectiion of

42、f the entirre sysstem iis preescribbed.The prooject must be fiinisheed by 30.6.2000.The commpany consiists oof twoo workk centters: Developpment (PROJJ-RD) Installlationn (PROOJ-INSS)Specifiicatioon acttivitiies arre perrformeed by the DDeveloopmentt depaartmennt. Prrocureement activvitiess willl be

43、 ddone ooutsidde thee projject oorganiisatioon, annd neiither cost nor ccapaciity coonsideeratioons arre plaanned withiin a pprojecct forr proccuremeent. IInstalllatioon is done by thhe Insstallaation deparrtmentt. In partticulaar, thhe acttivitiies arre as folloows:ActivittyDuratioonWorkWork-ceente

44、rSpecifiicatioon of the ccabinee1020DeveloppmentSpecifiicatioon of the eenginee1010DeveloppmentSpecifiicatioon of mechaanicall partts2010DeveloppmentSpecifiicatioon of the ccontrool uniit210DeveloppmentProcureement of thhe cabbine20Procureement of thhe enggine50Procureement of meechaniical pparts10P

45、rocureement of thhe conntrol unit10Installlationn I15100InstalllationnInstalllationn II20100InstalllationnExternaal Insspectiion1externaal, 800.000Specifiicatioon acttivitiies caan be perfoormed in a conseecutivve ordder onnly. SSpecifficatiion sttarts with the ccabinee. Aftter coomplettion, the ssp

46、ecifficatiion off the enginne cann be ddone. Then, the mechaanicall partts cann be ddesignned. TThe laast acctivitty is the ddesignn of tthe coontroll unitt.After tthe coomplettion oof eacch speecificcationn actiivity, the procuuremennt of the sspeciffic ittem caan be effeccted.After tthe prrocureement of alll parrts thh