红楼梦_诗词英译研究_异化与归化之角度_毕春丽_1_2Advantagesan.doc

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1、MA Thesis secondly in terms of style (顿官冈！ J, 2011: 189). In this definition, translation must aim primarily at “reproducing the message， which means that the purpose of translation is to convey the message, in other words, to make readers of target-language understand the message. To some extent, d

2、omesticating translation is a good way to achieve the purpose of translation. 1.2 Advantag es and Disadvantages of Foreignization and Do mesicaion It is well known that every coin has two sides, so do the translating strategies. In the following part, the author mainly explores the disadvantages and

3、 advantages of domestication and foreignization. Comprehending their merits and demerits is beneficial for making a reasonable choice of translation strategies. 1.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Domestication A thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of domestication is good f

4、or the translators to improve their translation quality. Besides, it is beneficial for the translation critics to make a reasonable evaluation on the translated text. Therefore, they can provide a high quality translated works for the target language readers. It is necessary to make out the merits a

5、nd demerits of domestication 16 A Study on the Poetry Translation in the Two English Versions of Hong Lo u Meng from the Perspectives of Foreignization and Domestication 1.2.1.1 Advantages of Domestication The translator chooses domesticating translation is due to two aspects: a good and fluent tran

6、slation, and the changing time demanding different words. The specific reasons are as follows. (1) The possibility of a good and fluent translation Alexander Fraser Tytler once in his book described the definition of a good translation. A good translation to be that in which the merit of the origina

7、l work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work (Tytler, 1907: 107). This standard is hard to realize to some e

8、xtent. But different translations of the same source-language passage endeavor to convey the same original meaning. Therefore it is possible to reproduce the message in translation. Although different people have different opinions on Hamlet, there is only one protype of Hamletthe only one in Shakes

9、peares masterpiece Hamlet. Therefore the overview in different translations of Hamlet is similar. Which is the better way to make readers of the receptor-language understand the message better? If translators apply 17 MA Thesis foreignizing translation, their works tend to contain a lot of deviating

10、 things, which are hard for readers of the receptor-language to perceive the message. In its effort to do right abroad, this translation method must do wrong at home, deviating enough from native norms to stage an alien reading experiencechoosing to translate a foreign text excluded by domestic lite

11、rary canons, for instance, or using a marginal discourse to translate it (Venuti, 2004: 2). The translation according to this strategy is hard to understand. By a fluent domesticating strategy, the translators can make versions easy to understand for the target language readers. (2) Different times

12、demanding different words Different times demand different reasoning as well as different words. It is known that ancient Chinese is very different from modem Chinese. To make foreigners understand the main idea of ancient Chinese articles, it is not necessary to translate them into Anglo-Saxon Engl

13、ish, which is ancient English. Translation aims primarily to reproduce the message, if translators can express the main message of ancient Chinese articles in simple words, there is no need to use hackneyed old English. The privilege of a fluent domesticating method is easy for readers to understand

14、 the message. 18 A Study on the Poetry Translation in the Two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng from the Perspectives of Foreignization and Domestication It is impossible to expect people in English-speaking countries to achieve Chinese attitude toward love at Cao Xueqins time. In translating HLM, t

15、he translators should change the love of boys into girls according to customs of target-language readers, which makes the translated works acceptable according to the domesticating method. 1.2.1.2 The disadvantages of domestication In the above paragraphs, the author first briefly points out the adv

16、antages of domestication and then elaborates two specifics of choosing domestication, that is, a fluent translation, and different times requests. However, the aim of domesticating method frequently risks a wholesale assimilation of the foreign works. Sometimes the common thing easily found in forei

17、gn texts doesnt have corresponding equivalence in the target-language, which indicates that foreignizing translation may be needed too. It is stated above that Venuti treats domestication as an effective method of intensifying the influence of target language and culture. Dominated by this translati

18、ng strategy, the uniqueness of original language and culture will be missed. That is because the understanding of the target language readers is only based on domesticated translation. Indeed, this kind of dominant domesticating translation method distorts the source text by eliminating the unfamili

19、ar elements. 19 1 MA Thesis It is said that in the western history of translation the golden age of domestication was in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The very free translations carried out during this period were justified in terms of the need for foreign texts to be adapted to the tast

20、es and habits of the target culture, regardless of the damaged one to the original. However, the overuse of domestication is dangerous to the original. In China, domestication predominated in the academic world of translation during the period of translating western works in modem times. For example

21、, Yan Fu (严复 ） and Lin Shu (林纾 ） are representatives of the school of domesticating translation. They tended to domesticate foreign works in classical Chinese language. Their translation has evoked significant influence in their time. However, with the development of globalization, that kind of over

22、 domestication is doing great harm to cultural communication between different countries for its distortion of the source language and culture. 1.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreignization A thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of foreignization is good for the translat

23、ors to improve their translation quality. Besides, it is beneficial for the translation critics to make a reasonable evaluation on the translated text. 20 A Study on the Poetry Translation in the Two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng from the Perspectives of Foreigmzation and Domestication 1.2.2.1 A

24、dvantages of Foreignization Venuti is a famous translation theorist in advocating foreignization. He furiously criticizes domestication translation strategy because it is over fluent and holds a dominant stand in the long history of English translation. Therefore, he came up with the resistant trans

25、lation method 一 foreignization. It is normal to see the discussion on foreignization and domestication before, but he is the first person in international translation field who can discuss the two strategies in such an intensive and deep dimension, and point out the irreconcilable contradiction betw

26、een them.” Wang Dongfeng points out (王 东风， 2002). There are five good reasons for advocating foreignization translation. Firstly, by reading foreignized works, the target language readers can develop a cross-cultural awareness and they can also acquire the reading experience of the otherness and dif

27、ferences in other languages and cultures. Secondly, the translators have no right to underestimate the target language readers capacity. The readers have their own wisdom and imagination to comprehend the strangeness and uniqueness of other culture. Thirdly, by reading foreignized works, the readers

28、 can go beyond the limitation of their own culture and widen their horizon. This translation strategy promotes mutual understanding among different u 21 MA Thesis countries. Fourthly, foreignization is in favor of the target language and culture, because the original flavor of the source language an

29、d culture is much manifested in the foreignizated text, which can enrich the target language and culture effectively. In the end, foreignization strategy conveys source language and culture faithfully so it can also help to combat the cultural hegemonies and enrich the target culture system. Cultura

30、l disparities are the foundation of the foreignization strategy adopted by translators in their translations. It is well known that each language has its own distinctive features and characteristics. Besides, as the carrier of culture, language reflects closely the uniqueness of different cultures.

31、English and Chinese come into being from different cultural environments, and the differences between them are huge. They are embodied in lexical, syntactic, cultural and stylistic levels of language. Thus the meaning of metaphors and symbols may create problems. For instance, in the west the dragon

32、 is usually a symbol of evil whereas in China it is a symbol of good luck. 1.2.2.2 Disadvantages of Foreignization There are different living habits and thinking patterns in different nations, therefore people in different countries often communicate with each other by their own expression. Their sp

33、ecial kind of expressing method is hard to translate. As for “与 余 为 总 角 交 ” in CTzopters / 22 A Study on the Poetry Translation in the Two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng from the Perspectives of Foreignization and Domestication a Floating Life (A 容生大记 by Shen Fu (沈 复 ),the two characters “总 角 ori

34、ginally mean a childs hair twisted in knot in ancient times of China, and gradually they are used to indicate childhood. As for Chinese intellectuals, the two characters are not hard to understand. However, the over foreignizationfriendship of zongjiao(总 角 ） is impossible to discern for target langu

35、age readers. It can be translated into a short phrasefriends from early childhood. Foreignization is not the sole or universal method for it has its own limitations. When foreignization wont work because of cultural factors, customary, linguistic differences and so on so forth, we must turn to the s

36、upplementary meansdomestication for help. Chinese literary translation was dominated by domestication strategy during the last one hundred years of the history, but the last two decades of the 20 century witnessed a great change in the academic world of translation. The relationship between foreigni

37、zation and domestication are restated. Translation theorists as well as translators began to pay more attention to foreignizating translation method. Foreignization aims at bringing a culture other as the familiar elements in target language and providing a faithful version of the original works in

38、cultural, linguistic and stylistic levels. 23 MA Thesis 1.3 Dynamic Unity of Foreignization and Domestication As for domestication and foreignization, that which kind of translating methods translators should abide by is always a controversial question. But they are justified for their existence and

39、 are complementary to each other in the translating process. The two translation methods are not incompatibly opposed to each other, but rather complementary. And these two translation methods can be applied in one text at the same time. Chen Zhengfa (2006) believes that the two translation methods

40、all have its right to existence. Domestication and foreignization are two basic translation strategies, and they are always adopted simultaneously in translating. They are inseparable and dynamic united in translation. It is impossible for translators to adopt only one of the two translating strateg

41、ies during translation. That means every translation combining domestication and foreignization. In the process of translating, translators cannot adopt sheer domestication or foreignization, every version is a compromise of these two translating methods. John Drydens advocacy of “translating with l

42、atitude” is of much importance. “Translations with some little latitude or variation from the authors sense on the whole matter, I thought fit to steer betwixt the two extremes of paraphrase and literal translation Robinson, 1997: 174). Either foreignization or domestication has its limit. Each one goes too 4 24