初中宾语从句的讲解与运用精.ppt

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1、初中宾语从句的讲解与运用第1页，本讲稿共35页 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。第2页，本讲稿共35页宾宾 语语 从从 句句概念概念：句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一动名词或动词不定式充当，当一 个句子充当宾语时个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句我们把这个句 子叫做宾语从句。子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的三要点：宾语从句的三要点：1、引导词、引导词 2、从句语序

2、、从句语序 3、从句的时态、从句的时态第3页，本讲稿共35页由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句第4页，本讲稿共35页一、一、引导词引导词：取决于从句的语气：取决于从句的语气1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词。e.g:Imafraidthatyouareright.

3、Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ididnthearwhathewantedmetodo.DoyouknowwhosebagIamcarrying?HeaskedmeifItaughtEnglish.第5页，本讲稿共35页由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)_.（一小时（一小时后他会回来）后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着

4、太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmovesaroundthesun第6页，本讲稿共35页由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked.(谁能回答谁能回答这个问题这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等谁他们在等谁）3.Heasked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.（我们什么我们什么时候开会时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿他在哪儿）6.Co

5、uldyoutellme_.（我该怎我该怎么去车站么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_（为什么火车迟到为什么火车迟到了了）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwellhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate第7页，本讲稿共35页由从属连词由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）（他是否跟我们

6、一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否要（是否要下雨）下雨）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot1、当句末为、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.2、在不定式前，、在不定式前，引导词只能用引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.第8页，本讲稿共

7、35页二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序 主句主句+引导词引导词+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+其他其他nHe asked me when I arrived in Shanghai.nI want to know where they will go.nCould you tell me what you are reading?nI dont know where he lives.第9页，本讲稿共35页 e.g:Could you tell me how e.g:Could you tell me how I can get toI can get to the Sc

8、ience Museumthe Science Museum?He asked him where He asked him where he came fromhe came from.Did you know Did you know whats the name of the whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterdayhandsome boy in the classroom yesterday？Please tell me where Please tell me where I can buy the I

9、 can buy the beautiful flower.beautiful flower.请注意观察红色字体的语序第10页，本讲稿共35页三、主三、主.从句的时态呼应从句的时态呼应n1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。n2.主句是一般过去时主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。从句用过去范畴的时态。n3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真 理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。ne.g:He says that he is reading a book now.n He s

10、aid that he would work hard.n They said they had been to France.n The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun.第11页，本讲稿共35页具体的具体的时态的变化时态的变化 1.1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.ge.g I hear(that)Tom has been to Guilin twice.I hear(

11、that)Tom has been to Guilin twice.I hear(that)she will come tomorrow.I hear(that)she will come tomorrow.I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour ago.I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour ago.I hear(that)he is interested in English.I hear(that)he is interested in English.第12页，本讲稿共35页2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必

12、须运用相应的过去的某当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.ge.g He said(that)he would go to Xian.He said(that)he would go to Xian.He said(that)he was ill yesterday.He said(that)he was ill yesterday.He said(that)he was reading a book.He said(that)he was reading a book.He said(tha

13、t)he had had supper already.He said(that)he had had supper already.3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.ge.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.The teacher told the

14、 students that light travels faster than The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound.sound.The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.to our health.第13页，本讲稿共35页标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。

15、如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?四、宾语从句的标点符号四、宾语从句的标点符号第14页，本讲稿共35页五、宾语从句的否定形式五、宾语从句的否定形式：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是若主句谓语动词是t

16、hink、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose等表示等表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。到主句中。e.gIdontthinkitsgoingtorain.Idontbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于此规则。，则不适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewontcome.第15页，本讲稿共35页n六、宾语从句与直接引语变间六、宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语的关系。接引语的关系。n直接引语变

17、为间接引语之后通常都构成一直接引语变为间接引语之后通常都构成一个宾语从句。因此我们要掌握好宾语从句个宾语从句。因此我们要掌握好宾语从句的用法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的用法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的规则。的规则。第16页，本讲稿共35页DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;_;直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来，引号引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成

18、一个 _。宾语从句宾语从句第17页，本讲稿共35页DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechShesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Shesaidthatshelikedsinging.Shesaidthatshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.Sh

19、esaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidthatshewouldseemethenextweek.第18页，本讲稿共35页SUMMARY 直直接接引引语语是是陈陈述述句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时用用连连词词that（可可省省略略）引引导导宾宾语语从从句句.从从句句中中的的人人称称、时时态态、指指示示代代词词、时时间间状状语语、地点状语地点状语等相应变化等相应变化.第19页，本讲稿共35页、人称的变化、人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二二随随宾宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主

20、语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohe

21、lp him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新第20页，本讲稿共35页直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注注:直引若是客观真理直引若是客观真理,变为间引时变为间引时,时态不变时态不变.时态变化2

22、2第21页，本讲稿共35页直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词时时间间状状语语地点状语地点状语方向性动词方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonththe next/followingmonthheretherecome,go,br

23、ingtake情态动词情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadto第22页，本讲稿共35页DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechSheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”SheaskedmewhetherifIhadseenthefilm.Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”HeaskedJohnifwhetherhewasadoctor.Sheaskedus,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”Sheaskeduswhereweweregoingtogetoff.Heaskedthem,“Whoga

24、veyouatalkyesterday?”Heaskedthemwhohadgiventhematalkthedaybefore.第23页，本讲稿共35页SUMMARY 直直接接引引语语是是疑疑问问句句，变变间间接接引引语语时时，要要把把疑问语序变为疑问语序变为陈述语序陈述语序。直直接接引引语语是是一一般般疑疑问问句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时,用连词用连词 if或或whether连接。连接。直直接接引引语语是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时,仍用仍用原来原来的疑问词的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。第24页，本讲稿共35页DirectSpeechIndirectSp

25、eech“Neverdothatagain,”theteachersaidThepolicemanorderedustobequiet.Thepolicemanordered:“Bequiet.”Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Theteachersaidtotheboy,”Openthewindow.”Theteachertoldmenot/nevertodothatagain“Waitamoment”shesaidtothem.Sheaskedthemtowaitamoment.第25页，本讲稿共35页 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把直接引语是祈

26、使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词原形变成动词不定式动词不定式，并在动词不定前，并在动词不定前加加tell,ask,order,advise等动词的宾等动词的宾语。语。注意：注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加否定句，在动词不定式前加not或或never.SUMMARY第26页，本讲稿共35页解题步骤解题步骤:1.1.陈述句陈述句“Idontlikecomputers,”Sandysaidtoherfriends.Sandysaidtoherfriends thatIdontlikecomputers.said/tolddidntsheSandysaidto/toldherfriendsthat

27、shedidntlikecomputers.第27页，本讲稿共35页2.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Isiteasytoworkouttheproblem?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoworkouttheproblem.itiseasytoworkouttheproblem.askediswasTheyaskedhimif itwaseasytoworkouttheproblem.第28页，本讲稿共35页3.3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyo

28、uharvestthewheatyou harvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenhe harvestedthewheat.第29页，本讲稿共35页4.4.祈使句祈使句Little boy,put on your coat.(They ordered)Theyordered LittleboyLittle boy,put on your coat.putonyourcoat.toputtoput Theyorderedthelittleboytoputonhiscoat.hishis 第30页，本讲稿共35页1.Theradiosaysit_clou

29、dytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)will be goes were playing has returned had been 第31页，本讲稿共35页1.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)2.Thet

30、eachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)3.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)4.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be)travels are talking were were doing第32页，本讲稿共35页10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalr

31、eady?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken had been risesdid第33页，本讲稿共35页将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheylike

32、tomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.第34页，本讲稿共35页将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.Tom asked when he would come back.第35页，本讲稿共35页