句子翻译的基本技巧精选PPT.ppt

《句子翻译的基本技巧精选PPT.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《句子翻译的基本技巧精选PPT.ppt（80页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、句子翻译的基本技巧第1页，此课件共80页哦n语序的调整语序的调整n语态的转换语态的转换n连动句的英译连动句的英译n兼语式的英译兼语式的英译n“把把”字句的英译字句的英译第2页，此课件共80页哦通常形态变化越多的语言，语序越灵活，反之亦然。n英语：q有曲折变化，借助形态标志及语序表达，语序较汉语灵活q句法重形合，强调句法结构，构建形式主轴，主语极其重要，主谓关系必须明确n汉语：q无曲折变化，依靠语序和虚词作为语法手段表示语法关系q句法重意合，强调语义结构，构建意念主轴，主语不易识别第3页，此课件共80页哦英语：主语英语：主语-谓语谓语nSV He runs fast.nSVC He is a s

2、tudent.nSVO He teaches English.nSVOC He painted the wall white.nSVOO He gave me a book.第4页，此课件共80页哦汉语：主题汉语：主题-述题述题/话题话题-说明说明n警察抓住了小偷n文章总算完成了。n老虎是一种危险的动物。n下雪了。n去年建了一所学校。n全市都在兴建新的住宅。n一把菜刀闹革命。n这么快就盖好了一座房子。n处处有热心人。n这件事请多关照。第5页，此课件共80页哦n语序实际上是人们思维方式的反应。n不同的民族看待事物的方式不同，思维模式不同，对同一客观事物有着不同的语言表达顺序。n东方：q讲求天人合

3、一、主客观统一，重知觉、感悟、体验，重经验q语言上不重主体，重主题，讲求形合n西方：q强调自我，重视科学和逻辑q语言上重主体，重形合，重规则第6页，此课件共80页哦汉英语序对比汉英语序对比汉语n逆线性扩展n倒金字塔式n前置式英语n顺线性扩展n金字塔式n前置/后置式第7页，此课件共80页哦n村西头的张大妈来了，受坏人欺骗的村民们也来了。nThere came Aunt Zhang who dwelt at the western end of the village,and also came the villagers who had been deceived by the scoundre

4、l.n去年他为了完成一个项目在实验室用计算机努力地干了十个月。nHe worked hard with a computer in the lab for ten months in order to complete a project last year.第8页，此课件共80页哦n中国湖北省黄石市磁湖路11号n11 Cihu Road,Huangshi City,Hubei Province,Chinan股东大会将于10月28日上午9点举行。nThe general meeting of shareholders will be held at 9 oclock on the mornin

5、g of Oct.28.第9页，此课件共80页哦1.状语的调整状语的调整n汉语：q状语在谓语之前q时间-地点-方式-中心词q从大到小q状语从句习惯置于句首n英语：q状语在谓语之后q中心词-方式-地点-时间q从小到大q状语从句位置灵活第10页，此课件共80页哦n她温柔地点了点头nShe nodded in a tendered way.n我每天早上在室外高声朗读英语。nI read English aloud in the open every morning.n我们每天晚上在宿舍里用英语热烈地讨论各种话题。nWe discuss various topics animatedly in Eng

6、lish every night in our dorm.第11页，此课件共80页哦2.定语的调整定语的调整n这是伟大光荣的三十年。nThese are thirty great and glorious years.n一个国际经济新秩序已经建立起来了。nA new international economic order has been established.n中国古代文化nancient Chinese culturen年轻有为的人na promising young man第12页，此课件共80页哦2.定语的调整定语的调整n开关往往装在房门旁的墙上。nAn electrical sw

7、itch is often on a wall near the door of a room.n出版社决定推迟出版几部可能引起争议的小说。nThe publisher decided to postpone the publication of several novels likely to cause controversy.第13页，此课件共80页哦2.定语的调整定语的调整n修完这门课程的24名学生是该实验的组成部分。nThe 24 students who completed the course were part of the experiment.n谁笑到最后，谁笑得最美。nH

8、e laughs best who laughs last.第14页，此课件共80页哦3.主语的确立主语的确立n汉语：q主题-述题/话题-说明q多人称主语n英语q主-谓结构q多物称主语第15页，此课件共80页哦n被动结构被动结构q你的来信已经收到。qYour letter has been received.q去年发明了一种新型洗衣机。qA new type of washing machine was invented last year.q这儿将修建一个一流的水族馆。qA first-class aquarium will be built here.第16页，此课件共80页哦n存在句存在

9、句q房间里有一张书桌。qThere is a desk in the room.q山顶上矗立着一座城堡。qThere stands a castle on the top of the mountain.q我的脑海里出现了一个正在哭泣的年轻女孩的模样。qThere rose in my imagination a young girl,bitterly weeping.第17页，此课件共80页哦n添加主语添加主语itq下雨了。qIt is raining.q无证驾驶是违法的。qIts illegal to drive without a license.q学校离家很远。qIts very fa

10、r away from my home to the school.第18页，此课件共80页哦n添加主语添加主语itq我从来没有想到他是个伪君子。qIt never occurred to me that he was a hypocrite.第19页，此课件共80页哦n添加主语添加主语其他类型主语其他类型主语q读书可以增长知识。qOne can acquire knowledge through reading.q学习外语有很多困难。qWe have many difficulties in learning a foreign language.第20页，此课件共80页哦n添加主语添加主语

11、其他类型主语其他类型主语q在降低农业成本的同时，还采取措施以增加农民的收入。qWhile lowering the cost of the farming,the government has also taken measures to increase farmers income.第21页，此课件共80页哦n物称主语物称主语汉语中多人称主语，英语中多物称主语。英语中人称主语更口语化，物称主语则常出现在书面语中。qIf you take this medicine,you will feel better.qThis medicine will make you feel better.第

12、22页，此课件共80页哦n物称主语物称主语取汉语动词性成分做主语q我一想到马上就能见到阔别已久的朋友，心理高兴极了。qThe very thought of meeting my long-parted friend filled me with joy.q她看见那个洋娃娃就笑了。qThe very sight of the doll made her smile.第23页，此课件共80页哦n物称主语物称主语取汉语形容词性成分做主语q懒惰的人不会成功。qLaziness makes success impossible.q儿子考试不及格，他非常生气，结果就和妻子吵了起来。qHis anger

13、over the boys failure in the exam led him to quarrel with his wife.第24页，此课件共80页哦n物称主语物称主语取汉语名词性成分做主语q一个星期前我就遇上了一件最不可思议的事情。qThe most unbelievable thing happened to me a week ago.q他突然发现地毯上有个深色斑点。qA dark stain on the carpet caught his eye.第25页，此课件共80页哦n物称主语物称主语取汉语副词性成分做主语q因为天气太糟，我们未能成行。qBad weather cau

14、sed us to cancel our trip.q他有犯罪史，不能上大学。qHis criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to college.第26页，此课件共80页哦n物称主语物称主语取时间、地点做主语q夜幕降临时，他离预定的布道地点还有好多英里路。qNightfall found him many miles short of his appointed preaching place.q过去的几年苏州经济发展很快。qThe last few years have witnessed a great developm

15、ent in Suzhous economy.第27页，此课件共80页哦n物称主语物称主语取时间、地点做主语q在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。qNanjing witnessed many great historic events.第28页，此课件共80页哦Practicen集邮，他最在行。n每天夜里都要有人值班。n实在太可笑了。n爱美是自然的。n他们对市场经济一无所知，他们公司因而蒙受了很大的损失。n1989年中国成功地发射了第一枚洲际导弹。n这部小说主要采用的是意识流的手法。第29页，此课件共80页哦Practicen集邮，他最在行。nHe is an expert in stamp

16、collecting.n每天夜里都要有人值班。nThere must be a person on night duty.n实在太可笑了。nIts absurd.n爱美是自然的。nIt is natural for people to admire the beautiful.第30页，此课件共80页哦Practicen他们对市场经济一无所知，他们公司因而蒙受了很大的损失。nTheir ignorance of the market economy brought huge losses to their company.n1989年中国成功地发射了第一枚洲际导弹。n1989 saw the

17、successful launching of Chinas first intercontinental guided missile.n这部小说主要采用的是意识流的手法。nStream of consciousness is the main technique used in this novel.第31页，此课件共80页哦主动与被动主动与被动n汉语的被动q有形式标志的被动n受、挨、遭、由、被、给、叫、让、为所、被所n他受到热烈欢迎。n我可不想挨骂。n计划给打乱了。n两人的活叫你一人给干完了。n为表面现象所迷惑。第32页，此课件共80页哦主动与被动主动与被动n汉语的被动q无形式标志的被动

18、n仓库锁起来了。n枣红马牵出去了。n文章写好了。n信已经寄出去了。q总的来说，汉语较少使用被动句。第33页，此课件共80页哦主动与被动主动与被动n英语的被动q结构：be doneq什么时候使用：n不知道施动者n不关心施动者n回避提到施动者：回避、礼貌n强调施动者n行文需要第34页，此课件共80页哦主动与被动主动与被动n英语的被动q文体：n科技文章n报刊文章n官方文章第35页，此课件共80页哦n任何企业都可以以合伙的方式经营。nAny business may be operated as a partnership.n会议什么时候开？nWhen will the meeting be held

19、?n然而，这一大套法律在会员国很少执行。nLittle of the vast body of law is,however,implemented in the member states.n他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。nHe was assassinated in a theatre last night.逻辑上的被动逻辑上的被动第36页，此课件共80页哦n这份计划书是王磊提供的。nThis plan was provided by Wang Lei.n彩虹是阳光穿过大气层中的小水滴形成的。nRainbows are formed when sunlight passes through s

20、mall drops of water in the air envelop.n我的前三十年是在祖国西部度过的。nMy first thirty years were spent in the west part of my motherland.是是的的第37页，此课件共80页哦n家家屋顶上都装了供接收电视信号的自制天线。nA self-made antenna is installed on the roof of every house for receiving television signals.n应该教育青少年讲真话。nTeenagers should be taught to

21、speak the truth.无主句无主句第38页，此课件共80页哦n据了解，这个地区有丰富的自然资源。nThe area is known to be rich in natural resources.n有人看见她从办公室里走出来。nShe was seen to go out of the office.n人们总是希望生活将会越来越好。nIt is long hoped that the life will become better and better.据据/必须必须/有人有人/大家大家/人们人们第39页，此课件共80页哦n有人深信那件事是真的。nIt is genuinely b

22、elieved that that was true.n应该说，在现行的学校课程设置中英语是一门重要的科目。nIt should be said that English is an important subject in the current curriculum.据据/必须必须/有人有人/大家大家/人们人们第40页，此课件共80页哦n大火几乎把这座高大建筑物夷为平地。nThe tall building has been practically leveled to the ground by the big fire.n飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。nThe seed was sp

23、rayed over the ground in huge quantities by airplane.“把把”字句字句第41页，此课件共80页哦n汉译英时，是否译成被动句，需考虑所选英语动词的特点、习惯用法以及上下文关系。q我们的计划在审议中。qOur plan is under review.q这部剧将很快上演。qThe play will be on show soon.q你的钢笔写起来很流畅。qYour pen writes smoothly.q英语很难学。qEnglish is difficult to learn.第42页，此课件共80页哦n汉译英时，是否译成被动句，需考虑所选英

24、语动词的特点、习惯用法以及上下文关系。q有很多事要做。qThere are many things to do.q这本书值得读。qThe book is worth reading.q今天的报纸看了没有啊？qHave you read todays newspaper?q他出现在台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。qHe appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.第43页，此课件共80页哦Practicen请来宾吧大衣放在衣帽间里。n希望你有机会来中国访问n这个练习要做吗？n知识分子问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。n他为

25、环境所迫，最终辞去了职务。n口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。n函件无法投递时，务必退换原主。n工业城市的空气常被污染，但农村地区却完全不是这样，那儿很少见到公害现象。第44页，此课件共80页哦Practicen请来宾把大衣放在衣帽间里。nVisitors are requested to leave their coats in the cloakroom.n希望你有机会来中国访问。nIt is hoped that you will have a chance to visit China.n这个练习要做吗？nShall we do this exercise?n知识分子问题就是在这样的

26、基础上提出来的。nOn such a basis has the question of the intellectuals been raised.第45页，此课件共80页哦Practicen他为环境所迫，最终辞去了职务。nHe was forced by the circumstances to resign from his position.n口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。nShe was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one of them correctly.n函件无法投递时，务必退换原主。nI

27、n case of non delivery,letters must be returned to the senders.第46页，此课件共80页哦Practicen工业城市的空气常被污染，但农村地区却完全不是这样，那儿很少见到公害现象。nAir in industrial cities is often polluted,but in rural areas things are totally different,where public pollution is rarely seen.第47页，此课件共80页哦连动句英译连动句英译n连动句：两个或两个以上的动词共一个主语的句子。q并

28、列式连动句：动词表示动作间的先后或同时关系q从属式连动句：动词之间有多种逻辑关系n目的、方式、条件、因果、对象第48页，此课件共80页哦并列式并列式n他每天都会客赴宴。n他把书接过来放在膝盖上。n那天晚上，王教授去了他家，并和他谈了话。n他打开抽屉拿出辞典来。n见到有客人来，这个小孩赶紧站起来躲在沙发背后。第49页，此课件共80页哦并列式并列式n他每天都会客赴宴。nHe receives visitors and attends dinner parties as a routine.n他把书接过来放在膝盖上。nHe took the book and laid it on his lap.n

29、那天晚上，王教授去了他家，并和他谈了话。nThat evening,Professor Wang went to his house and talked with him.第50页，此课件共80页哦并列式并列式n他打开抽屉拿出辞典来。nOpening the drawer he took out a dictionary.n见到有客人来，这个小孩赶紧站起来躲在沙发背后。nOn seeing the guest,the boy jumped hurriedly to his feet and hid behind the sofa.第51页，此课件共80页哦从属式从属式n百分之九十的董事投票赞

30、成任命史蒂夫为总经理。n去年我回家看望亲戚。n我们应当起来捍卫真理。n不久他捧着那本书回来了。n王老师端着一把新椅子，喜气洋洋地穿过校园。第52页，此课件共80页哦从属式从属式n百分之九十的董事投票赞成任命史蒂夫为总经理。nNinety percent of the directors voted to accept the proposal to appoint Steve to the presidency.n去年我回家看望亲戚。nLast year I went to my hometown to visit my relatives.n我们应当起来捍卫真理。nWe should com

31、e forward in defense of truth.第53页，此课件共80页哦从属式从属式n不久他捧着那本书回来了。nVery soon he came back holding that book in his hand.n王老师端着一把新椅子，喜气洋洋地穿过校园。nProfessor Wang was making his jubilant way through the school grounds with a new chair held in both hands.第54页，此课件共80页哦Practicen一只兔子飞似地跑来，一头碰在树干上，折断了脖子，当场咽了气。n他去

32、老师那儿请个假。n他回家取伞。n她站在门口笑。n她请假坐飞机回家探亲去了。第55页，此课件共80页哦Practicen一只兔子飞似地跑来，一头碰在树干上，折断了脖子，当场咽了气。nA rabbit dashed over.It ran into a trunk,broke its neck and died on the spot.n他去老师那儿请个假。nHe went to the teacher to ask for a leave.n他回家取伞。nHe went back to his room for the umbrella.第56页，此课件共80页哦Practicen她站在门口笑。

33、nShe stood at the door,grinning.n她请假坐飞机回家探亲去了。nShe has asked for leave to go home by air to see her family.第57页，此课件共80页哦兼语句的英译兼语句的英译n前一个动词的宾语是后一个动词的主语。q弟弟让我帮他写作业。q老师批评他做事马虎。q我们都劝他戒烟。q我劝你少管闲事。第58页，此课件共80页哦兼语句的英译兼语句的英译nSVOC:使、叫、让、请、劝、派、催、要求、命令、请求、迫使、引诱、号召、鼓励、促进、动员、禁止、防止、阻挠q我们都劝他戒烟。qWe all advised him

34、to give up smoking.q地震使所有的房子都成了废墟。qThe earthquake reduced all the houses to ruins.第59页，此课件共80页哦兼语句的英译兼语句的英译nSVOC:使、叫、让、请、劝、派、催、要求、命令、请求、迫使、引诱、号召、鼓励、促进、动员、禁止、防止、阻挠q他们组织工人加入了工会。qThey have organized the workers into trade unions.q几乎所有人都希望他倒霉。qAlmost everybody wished him ill.第60页，此课件共80页哦兼语句的英译兼语句的英译nSV

35、OC:使、叫、让、请、劝、派、催、要求、命令、请求、迫使、引诱、号召、鼓励、促进、动员、禁止、防止、阻挠、感官动词q他们任命他为委员会主席。qThey appointed him chairman of the committee.q她觉得房子在摇动。qShe felt the house shaking.第61页，此课件共80页哦兼语句的英译兼语句的英译n状语:责怪、埋怨、批评、表扬q评论家们批评这位作家没有真实地反映生活。qThe critics criticized the author because he failed to present a true picture of lif

36、e in his works.q她责备孩子迟迟不回家。qShe blamed her child for staying out late.第62页，此课件共80页哦兼语句的英译兼语句的英译n习惯用语q小姐，我劝你少管闲事。qYoung lady,you had better mind your own business.q您叫我去哪儿？qWhere can I go?第63页，此课件共80页哦Practice:n老师表扬他有勇气。n他们谴责他的和平努力为背叛。n他希望自己的儿子成为爱迪生或华盛顿那样的人。n我们不能强迫人们接受我们的观点。n我写信要他马上回来。n我讨厌他穿红衬衣。第64页，此

37、课件共80页哦Practice:n老师表扬他有勇气。nThe teacher praised him for his courage.n他们谴责他的和平努力为背叛。nThey condemned his peace efforts as betrayal.n他希望自己的儿子成为爱迪生或华盛顿那样的人。nHe wished his son to be an Edison or a Washington.第65页，此课件共80页哦Practice:n我们不能强迫人们接受我们的观点。nWe cannot compel people to accept our viewpoint.n我写信要他马上回来

38、。nI wrote to him to come at once.n我讨厌他穿红衬衣。nI dislike him wearing a red shirt.第66页，此课件共80页哦“把把”字句英译字句英译n汉语的“把”字句是指在结构上用特殊介词“把”字将宾语引出，放在谓语动词之前而构成的一种汉语特有的句型。q处置意义q致使意义q把甲当作乙q带双宾语q表示动作场所和范围q祈使意义第67页，此课件共80页哦n处置意义q他们还没有把计划做好。n致使意义q这次旅行把他累坏了。n把甲当作乙q别把我当成外人。n带双宾语q我把信交给他了。第68页，此课件共80页哦n表示动作场所和范围q他把抽屉翻了个遍。n

39、祈使意义q把门打开。第69页，此课件共80页哦处置意义处置意义nSVOCq他的助理已经让人把讲稿准备好了。qHis assistant has already had the lecture prepared.q他们还没有把计划做好。qThey havent got the plan ready.第70页，此课件共80页哦处置意义处置意义nSVOAq他把梯子靠墙竖着。qHe stood the ladder against the wall.q千万要把药片放到小孩找不到的地方。qBe sure to put the tablets where the child cannot find the

40、m.第71页，此课件共80页哦致使意义致使意义n把+宾语+忙、累、急、气、吓+补语q这次旅行把他累坏了。qThe journey tired him out.q你怎么来的这么晚，真把人急疯了。qWhy are you so late?We were worried sick.q隆隆的雷声把孩子们吓坏了。qThe children were frightened to death by the rumbling of the thunder.第72页，此课件共80页哦把甲当作乙把甲当作乙n汉语：把甲当作、作为、说成、看成乙n英语：动词+宾语+介词短语q他把我错当成我哥哥了。qHe mistook

41、 me for my elder brother.q别把我当成外人。qDont treat me as a stranger.第73页，此课件共80页哦带双宾语带双宾语nSVOOq我把信交给他了。qI gave him the letter.q请把盐递给我。qPlease pass me the salt.q他们一得到口信就把信息告诉我了。qThey told me the news as soon as they got the message.第74页，此课件共80页哦表示动作场所和范围表示动作场所和范围n介词词组q他把抽屉翻了个遍。qHe searched through the dra

42、wer.q他把整个地球都游遍了。qHe traveled throughout the world.第75页，此课件共80页哦祈使意义祈使意义n祈使句q把门关上。qClose the door.q把作业按时做完。qFinish your homework on time.第76页，此课件共80页哦灵活处理灵活处理n我们已经把敌人打败了。nWe have defeated the enemy.n他把局势控制住了。nHe was master of the situation.n风把树刮倒了。nThe tree was blown down by the wind.n他把那个女人粗暴地推开了。nT

43、he woman was roughly pushed away by him.第77页，此课件共80页哦Practicen你离开屋子时，最好把灯关掉。n警铃把小偷吓跑了。n他一向把我当成我的妹妹。n把收音机关掉。n我们一定要把黄河治好。n他把自己的所见所闻精确地记录下来了。n我们把太阳称为主要的热源和光源。n她把这个孩子交给我来抚养。第78页，此课件共80页哦Practicen你离开屋子时，最好把灯关掉。nWhen leaving the house,youd better turn off the lights.n警铃把小偷吓跑了。nThe alarm frightened the thief away.n他一向把我当成我的妹妹。nHe always mistakes my for my younger sister.第79页，此课件共80页哦Practicen把收音机关掉。nTurn off the radio.n我们一定要把黄河治好。nWe must bring the Yellow River under control.n他把自己的所见所闻精确地记录下来了。nHe recorded what he had seen and heard with accuracy.第80页，此课件共80页哦