AContrastiveStudyofEnglishTranslationsofArchitecturalNamesinADreamofRedMansionsfromt_.docx

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1、iIContents摘要.i关键词.iAbstract.iiKey Words.iiIntroduction.11.Literature Review.31.1.Studies onArchitectural Translation.31.2.Studies on Translation of A Dream of Red Mansions.42.Theoretical Framework:Skopos Theory.62.1.Skopos Theory.62.1.1.Skopos Rule.72.1.2.Coherence Rule.72.1.3.Fidelity Rule.82.2.App

2、licability of“Skopos Theory”to Translation.83.Architectural Names in A Dream of Red Mansions.103.1.Types ofArchitectural Names in A Dream of Red Mansions.103.2.Features ofArchitectural Names in A Dream of Red Mansions.124.Analysis of Yangs and Hawkes translations of Architectural Names in A Dream of

3、Red Mansions.134.1.Analysis of Yangs and HawkesTranslations of Public Places Names.144.2.Analysis of Yangs and HawkesTranslations of Living Quarters Names.184.3.Translation Features of Two Translators from the Perspective of SkoposTheory.22Conclusion.25Works Cited.26Appendix.错误！未定义书签。错误！未定义书签。Acknow

4、ledgements.28i摘摘 要要红楼梦是中国文化艺术的瑰宝，在世界范围内都有着很深的影响力。这部名作有数个英译本，其中颇具特色的英译本是杨宪益和霍克斯的译本。这两个译本流传最广，也是红楼梦研究最广泛的两个译本，两位译者翻译特点和策略值得我们学习。为此，本文将以目的论为视角，将两个译本中住宅类建筑名称进行分类（公共场所类和起居住所类），分析两位译者建筑名称的翻译异同。探讨中国古典小说中传统建筑名称的翻译，并总结其对后世翻译古代建筑名称或文学作品的借鉴意义。关键词关键词红楼梦；建筑名称英译；功能对等理论；分析iiAbstractA Dream of Red Mansions is a tre

5、asure of Chinese culture and art,which iswell-known all over the world.Up to now,there have been several English versions ofthis masterpiece,among which the outstanding ones are Yang Xianyis and DavidHawkes.These two versions are the most popular and widely received and discussedas there are many me

6、rits of them which are worth learning.Therefore,from theperspective of Skopos Theory,this paper classifies residential buildings of the twoversions(public places and living quarters),and analyzes the similarities anddifferences of architectural names translations between the two English versions.Suc

7、h study is helpful to our study of the translation of traditional architectural namesin classical Chinese novels,and it also does good to our understanding of how ancientChinese architectural names in literary works should be handled in translation.Key WordsA Dream of Red Mansions;Translation of arc

8、hitectural names;Skopos Theory;Analysis目的论视角下红楼梦中建筑名称英译对比研究以杨、霍英译本为例1IntroductionA Dream of Red Mansions is a novel with world influence.A Dream of RedMansions,one of the four classical Chinese Masterpieces,was written by Cao Xueqinwho is a writer of the Qing Dynasty.The novel takes the rise and fal

9、l of the Jia,Shi,Wang and Xue family as the background.It describes the tragedy of love andmarriage between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu,Xue Baochai.It depicts the life of agroup of extraordinary women and shows the real beauty of human nature.It is anepic work that shows the beauty of women and the vari

10、ous forms of ancient Chinesesociety.It is recognized as the peak of Chinese classical novels,the Encyclopedia ofChinese feudal society,and the epitome of traditional culture.With its profoundideological value and outstanding artistic achievements,it not only attractsgenerations of domestic readers t

11、o read repeatedly,but also attracts many famoustranslators at home and abroad to translate it overseas.According to statistics,ADream of Red Mansions has been translated into 23 languages and published.According to Peoples Daily at the end of 2015,there are still 21 versions in theworlds major libra

12、ries,of which the most famous two are Hawkesand Yang Xianyis.The architectural name in A Dream of Red Mansions contains rich culturalconnotation,which is closely related to the character and destiny of the characters.Even for the native readers of the original,it is difficult to understand this conn

13、otationliterally.It also needs corresponding cultural background knowledge,even analysisand understanding after reading the full text.This book has always been favored by critics,and caused extensive exploration.The contents of the research include various ancient Chinese characteristics,such asclot

14、hing,diet,and the background of the times.In terms of translation,most of thestudies are focused on the names of characters,and less on the names of buildings.Chinese classical architecture has a long history.Its style is unique,and different fromthe architecture in the western world.With the deepen

15、ing of China s opening up to2the outside world,Chinese classical architecture has attracted more and more attention.At this time,it is very important to translate the names of classical buildings,whichhas become the main way for people around the world to understand Chinesearchitectural culture.A Dr

16、eam of Red Mansions,a classic work of Chinese classicalnovels,contains many classical buildings,which can be called the epitome of ancientbuildings.The architectural name not only reflects the characteristics of Chinesearchitectural culture in Ming and Qing Dynasties,but also relates to the storycha

17、racters,the theme of setting off,the main line of allegory and so on.Numerousscholars at home and abroad have translated it into several languages.Therefore,thispaper attempts to explore the English translation of the architectural name of A Dreamof Red Mansions,aiming to summarize the characteristi

18、cs of the English translation ofancient Chinese architecture.The research methods adopted in this paper are of two kinds:one is thecomparative study between the source text and the target text,and the other textualanalysis focusing on the typical examples.This paper consists of four chapters.The fir

19、st chapter is the literature review ofarchitectural translation and the study of A Dream of Red Mansions.The secondchapter is to provide a theoretical framework.It briefly introduces Skopos Theory andits application in translation studies.The third chapter classifies the architecturalnames in A Drea

20、m of Red Mansions and analyzes the language and structuralcharacteristics.The fourth chapter is the main part of the thesis.It analyzes thecharacteristics of two translators architectural translations.The last part is conclusionand appendix.目的论视角下红楼梦中建筑名称英译对比研究以杨、霍英译本为例31.Literature Review1.1.Studie

21、s onArchitectural TranslationLandscape architecture is an important part of architectural art and traditionalculture in China.Landscape architecture is also one of the symbols of the Chinesenation.Its characteristics and cultural connotation are more and more concerned bypeople.The introduction of a

22、ncient Chinese literary works to the world is also animportant way to introduce landscape architecture in culture to the world.A Dream ofRed Mansions,which contains a large number of descriptions of garden buildings,isalso an important channel for China to show its architectural style to the world.T

23、herefore,exploring the translation of its architectural names is of great importance tothe promotion of Chinese architectural culture.Some scholars in China have done a lot of research on the translation of classicalarchitecture,and they have also put forward some architectural translation theories.

24、Liang Sicheng put forward the theory of building translatability in 1954.Hebelieved that both Chinese and western traditional buildings have roofs,eaves,colonnades,walls,platforms and steps with similar functions,which can be called thecomponents of building vocabulary.If these words in western arch

25、itecture can bereplaced with corresponding Chinese traditional building vocabulary,then a westernarchitectural style can be translated into Chinese architectural style(Liang Sicheng,1954:39).Dai Li believes that the translation of Chinese classical architecture isformal and clear.Its structure is st

26、rict and its meaning is objective.In particular,thetranslation of garden introduction often reflects a nations way of thinking and a longhistory,and the expression of this language must be popular,accurate,and can beappreciated by most people.(Da Li,2008;36).Jin Lingyan once summarized thetranslatio

27、n principles of Chinese classical architecture.She believed that thetranslation of classical architecture should be based on Chinese culture and keep theChinese characteristics and national traditions in the cultural information as much aspossible.At the same time,we should not stick to the original

28、 text,but should be4concerned about the different thinking modes of Chinese and Western culture.Fromthe perspective of readers,we should comprehensively use various translationmethods and strategies to deal with the original information to achieve the purpose ofpromoting Chinese traditional culture

29、and satisfying readers aesthetic appreciation(Jin Lingyan,2011:93).Although some scholars have put forward a variety ofarchitectural translation theories,they have different opinions and lack mainstreamarchitectural translation theories.At present,the study of translation of classicalarchitecture by

30、 domestic scholars is still in the stage of continuous development,which needs to be further explored.1.2.Studies on Translation of ADream of Red MansionsAs a literary treasure,A Dream of Red Mansions involves poetry,history,dietand other aspects.Because it contains a variety of ancient buildings,it

31、 has alsobecome a perfect model for the study of ancient architecture.Some domestic scholarsput forward their own views on the translation of architectural names in A Dream ofRed Mansions from different perspectives,opening up a variety of research directions.Zhao Yuanyuan compared the translation o

32、f the architectural names in A Dreamof Red Mansions translated by Yang Xianyi and Hawkes.He believed that YangXianyipreservedthenationalculturalcharacteristicswhentranslatingthearchitectural names,but sometimes ignored the literary flavor and interest due to theexcessive pursuit of transmitting info

33、rmation.As for Hawkes version,the culturalprocessing components were too heavy,slightly damaging the transmission of somespecial connotations of Chinese culture(Zhao Yuanyuan,2010:139).Zhang Haitingand Han Song used Lefeveres rewriting theory to analyze and study the two Englishversions of A Dream o

34、f Red Mansions with examples.In their opinion,Yang Xianyitended to apply the internal factors of rewriting theory in his translation,aiming topromote the excellent traditional Chinese culture and to transmit it to the targetlanguage readers.On the contrary,Hawkes preferred to apply the external fact

35、ors ofrewriting theory in his translation.The purpose of his translation of this book was to目的论视角下红楼梦中建筑名称英译对比研究以杨、霍英译本为例5meet the needs of Western sponsors and introduce this classic work of China toWestern readers,rather than focusing on the specific research of a certain architecturalpattern and

36、decoration.Therefore,in the process of translation,in some aspects ofarchitectural culture,he chose to rewrite or largely delete the original plot.(ZhangHaiTing,Han Song)In addition,some scholars discussed the translation ofarchitectural names in other languages from the perspective of semiotics,and

37、concluded that semantic information should be maximized and image selection shouldbe neglected in the practice of re-translation.The two versions of Yang Xianyi and Hawkes are the most widely spread and themost concerned among the several English versions of A Dream of Red Mansions.The two translato

38、rs have different mother tongue backgrounds and translationpurposes,which make the translation have their own characteristics on the basis ofrespecting the original text to the greatest extent.Due to the differences of translationpurpose and cultural background,the two translators had different choi

39、ces in theprocess of translation,and the effects of translations were also different.Zhao Jianguo compared the translation features of the two versions in detail.Yang Xianyis translation was mostly literal translation,trying to be faithful to theoriginal.Hawkes translation mostly took into account t

40、he reading habits and aestheticfeelings of foreign readers,and his writing was more in line with the English speakingstyle.The differences between Yangs translation and Hawkes translation were causedby their different growing experiences and cultural backgrounds.Specifically,thedifferences between t

41、he two versions were mainly caused by social and culturalfactors,aesthetic concepts and pragmatic habits.Through reading the translation andanalyzing the differences,we can see that Yang Xianyis translation is more in linewith the Chinese cultural connotation of the classic works.(Zhao Jianguo,2017,

42、34(03):27-31.)Li Ming from the perspective of translation purpose,ideology,translation poetics,power relations,and the relationship between translators and original authors,translators and target readers and other social and cultural factors on how tomanipulate the use of translation strategies of t

43、ranslators,summed up that Yangs6translation features are to use concise language to summarize the context of the wholearticle,rather than stick to itself.Hawkes translation is more fluent and closer to theEnglish expression habit.In terms of sentence patterns,since Chinese is a paratacticlanguage an

44、d English is a hypotactic language,it is impossible to consider thesituation of Antithesis in translation.Hawkes translation and Yangs translation do notalways carry out the same sentence patterns.(Li Ming,2006(02):9-14+89.)It is a very difficult task for all translators to consider both the content

45、 and form.This is not only a requirement for the majority of literary translation learners,but alsoan incentive for them.2.Theoretical Framework:Skopos TheoryIn this part,Hans Vermeer s“Skopos Theory”and the applicability of this theoryto translation will be explained one by one.2.1.Skopos TheoryGre

46、at progress has been made in western translation theory studies since themiddle 19th century.Katharina Reiss,in her book Possibilities and Limitations inTranslation Criticism published in 1971,listed text function as a standard oftranslation criticism for the first time,and introduced the concept of

47、 functionality.Reissresearch laid the foundation for Skopos Theory of translation.Reissstudent,Hans Vermeer,developed further on the basis of her ideas and putforward the Skopos Theory of translation on the basis of behavior theory.Vermeerregarded translation process as a special form of human actio

48、n,“which is anintentional,purposeful behavior that takes place in a given situation;it is part of thesituation at the same time it modifies the situation”(Nord,2001:p.11)AlthoughSkopos Theory gained much popularity in academic realm,Nord believed that therewerestilltwolimitationsremainingtobeimprove

49、d.“Oneconcernsthe目的论视角下红楼梦中建筑名称英译对比研究以杨、霍英译本为例7culture-specificity of translational models;the other has to do with the relationshipbetween the translator and the source-text author”(Nord,2001:124).Therefore,Nordtakes further steps to perfect the theory.Nord believes the translated text should beabl

50、e to“function the situation in which it is used and with the people who want to useit and precisely in the way they want it function”(Nord,2001:p.29).According toSkopos Theory,translation must follow the following three basic rules.2.1.1.Skopos Rule“Skopos is a Greek word for aim or purpose and was