On the Development Orientation of Chinese Corporate Culture.doc

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1、毕业论文(设计)On the Development Orientation of Chinese Corporate CultureComparison Between American and Chinese Corporate Culture Which May Affect Chinese Corporates1. Introduction32. About corporate culture42.1 What is corporate culture?42.2 Functions of corporate culture53. Characteristics of American

2、corporate culture and Chinese corporate culture63.1 Characteristics of American corporate culture63.1.1 Characteristics of American social culture63.1.1.1 Individualism and worship of money63.1.1.2 The spirit of venture and pioneer73.1.1.3 Continuous innovation83.1.1.4 Freedom and equality83.1.2 Cha

3、racteristics of American corporate culture83.1.2.1 Innovation83.1.2.2 Customer orientation93.1.2.3 Emphasize quality103.1.2.4 Encouraging risk taking and emphasize teamwork spirit103.1.2.5 Employment, promotion and compensation113.2 Characteristics of Chinese corporate culture123.2.1 Chinese traditi

4、onal social culture123.2.1.1 Collectivism123.2.1.2 Lack of enterprising spirit123.2.2 Characteristics of Chinese corporate culture133.2.2.1 Innovation133.2.2.2 Focus on group133.2.2.3 Neglect of customer and product quality143.2.2.4 Employment, promotion and compensation144. Comparison between Ameri

5、can and Chinese corporate culture which Chinese15corporates may use for reference154.1 American enterprises greatly emphasize on innovation, which comes from their traditional admiration of taking risks and pioneering spirit. This has great effect on their success. Chinese enterprises should encoura

6、ge their employees to take risk, because innovation is the result of taking risk. It can help Chinese enterprises open a new market and maintain the market share. Haier group, one of Chinese successful enterprises, has known that innovation is one of the key factors for an enterprises long-term deve

7、lopment and has its own understanding for innovation.164.2 American enterprises are customer-oriented and highly focus on quality. They believe that only when a business wins customers satisfaction and only when it is able to provide superior quality good and service, can it win in market competitio

8、n and has long-term development. On the contrary, there are still many of Chinese companies neglect their customers and product quality. However, Haier has realized this matter and began to focus on customers satisfaction.174.3 American business emphasizes on individual. They pay great attention to

9、the personal development. They bring the competition and chances to employees. Everyone is under huge pressure and face great opportunities with short employment, quick promotion and large compensation difference. Every one tries his best to have best performance. As a result, peoples potentials are

10、 brought into a full day. This kind of management is an effective way to use employees talent. On the base of this, Haier created a well-known management method, which is called “OEC” (Overall every control and clear). According to “OEC”, everything should be done and every object should be used wel

11、l. Everyones responsibility is very clear. Each employee know clearly that what he should be done, how much he should do, which standard he should follow and what result he should reach everyday there is a kind of board hung on in the workshop, which used to descript employees responsibility and the

12、 scores they get by fulfilling these responsibility. Those score is connected with the employees salary. This management method not only cuts down waste and loss, but also makes responsibilities and performance clearly.194.4 American companies pay more attention to attract talent people to work with

13、 them. They treat every employee equally and offer fair chances for their promotion. They connect employees performance with their compensation. Haier has a good performance in this field. For example, the employment and promotion method of Haier is “Do not judge the worth of a horse by merely looki

14、ng at it. Let horses compete with each other.” Promotion depends on competition. Haier provides chances of promotion for every type of employee. If one is talent, he can be promoted from a technician to a senior engineer. If he thinks he is qualified to be a director, he could apply for the position

15、. Also, if one is not fit to the position and fails to have good performance, he would also be replaced.214.5 As for Compensation, it is mainly connected with employees capability and position. This is different from that of Chinese enterprises. In most Chinese enterprises, compensation is equal and

16、 seldom connects with personal ability and performance. This can not arouse the enthusiasm of employees. However, Haier is an exception. He connected compensation with job performance and market effects. For example, the compensation of staff in R&D department is connected with the market effect of

17、their research and development results. In computer department, haier learned from foreign high tech companies and carried out stock-holding system among its technical staff.224.6 The values like openness and teamwork are also worth to learn. American companies appreciate openness and teamwork spiri

18、ts, but very few of Chinese companies pay attention to this aspect. Chinese need to be more open to communicate, to learn and foster teamwork spirit and teamwork awareness.225. Conclusion23References251. IntroductionAs the knowledge economy arises and market competition gets increasingly fiercer, “c

19、orporate culture” has become one of the most popular words among enterprises. More and more people realize that corporate culture has a significant impact on a firms long-term economic development. Analyzing and learning from the corporate culture of other nations have also become a popular way to e

20、nhance business success. With the hope of bringing in new opportunities for development, some companies tried their best to transplant the corporate culture of foreign successful companies into their own. After Chinas entry into the WTO, Chinese enterprises have been facing not only opportunities bu

21、t also challenges; therefore, to construct excellent corporate culture is the definite direction for the development of our modern enterprises. This thesis compares American corporate culture and Chinese corporate culture to help people to have better understanding of present situation of Chinese co

22、rporate culture and find out key factors contributing to long-term outstanding performance in market competition. It may also help foreigners to learn more about Chinese corporate culture and the developmental trend of Chinese corporate culture. China has less experience in operating market business

23、 than those countries having experienced hundreds of years of capitalism, among which America stands as a successful representative of great economic achievements. Chinese history of academic study on management science and corporate culture is also naturally shorter than that of other developed cou

24、ntries. Therefore, it is quite necessary for China to learn from other countries experiences so as to find out the short cut leading to success.In this paper, the author firstly introduces the definition of corporate culture, and then discusses the characteristics of American and Chinese corporate c

25、ulture. In the last part, the author makes a comparison between American and Chinese corporate for reference of Chinese corporates.2. About corporate culture2.1 What is corporate culture?Corporate culture, also called organization culture, enterprise culture, or company culture, has variety definiti

26、ons.In the early 1980s, a book called Corporate Cultures was published. This book is credited with first popularizing the term “Corporate Culture”. Deal and Kennedy (1982) defines corporate culture as “the way we do things around here. It is the integration of value, myth hero and symbol.” According

27、 to Hu Zhenrong(1995), “corporate culture is the integration of values, moral standards, corporate philosophies, norms, logos, management styles, rules, regulations etc. that is formed and established while working for corporate goals and is agreed and observed by all the members in the corporation,

28、 the core of corporate culture is corporate spirit and corporate value.”The most influential definition is the one made by Edgar. H. Schein(1990). He said: corporate culture is a pattern of basic assumptionsinvented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with problems of exte

29、rnal adaptation and internal integration. This pattern has worked well enough for the group to be considered valid and therefore is to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems.2.2 Functions of corporate cultureThe main function of corporat

30、e culture is its great influence on a companys achievements. The core of corporate culture are corporate values, such as beliefs, commitments, principles or philosophies, and so on. They are the key factors to achieve long-term goals. Corporate values are about what kind of companies they are, what

31、they believe, where they are headed, and how they get there. They are the foundation for corporate actions and achievements.Many global companies attribute their success to their corporate values. For example:Merrill Lynch states:Our commitment to guide our individual and organizational conduct by t

32、he Principles helps us in achieving status as one world-class company. As Merrill Lynch grows evermore diverse and global, the Principles will help us to define further who we are, what we believe and what we aspire to be for ourselves, our clients and stakeholders.Levis states:Our values are fundam

33、ental to our success. They are the foundation of our company, define who we are and set us apart from the competition. They underlie our vision of the future, our business strategies and our decisions, actions and behaviors. We live by them. They endure. As we look at our history, we see a story of

34、how our core values work together and are the source of our success.Dell states:We have a core set of values that define the company we are, and that we aspire to becomeand we call these the Soul of Dell. As we grow our business globally, we are committed to putting these values in action. And they

35、further help us growing.3. Characteristics of American corporate culture and Chinese corporate culture3.1 Characteristics of American corporate culture3.1.1 Characteristics of American social culture3.1.1.1 Individualism and worship of moneyAmerican people highly advocate the spirit of individualism

36、. They encourage people to express their own opinions, make their own decisions and to succeed by themselves. For Americans, people should show individual initiatives and should move from the bottom of the society by his own efforts other than by birth. They are encouraged to “speak up” and make sur

37、e their individual views are heard. They keep in mind of self-interest and pay more attention to working process instead of peoples feeling. People are inspired by the achievements of themselves. One of American peoples values is that “There are no permanent friends, but permanent interests.” It may

38、 sound quite unacceptable for Chinese people who value “truthfulness” and “righteousness”. Under the influence of this value, earning money is the chief goal for American people. For them, money is a way to measure their achievements.In America, rich men are heroes. Businessman is greatly respected

39、and everyone dreams of creating a company and becoming rich. “Poverty is the result of laziness and earning money is the order of God.”This kind of value is against traditional Chinese value that despises businessmen and past socialism moral that regards richness an evil.3.1.1.2 The spirit of ventur

40、e and pioneerThe image of western cowboy is the symbol of American spirit of venture and pioneer. They believe that “No risks，no gain”; “Recreant will never have great achievements”. American people are used to looking into the future. They believe everything is possible, beggars can be riches.3.1.1

41、.3 Continuous innovationThe spirit of innovation is deeply rooted in American peoples mind. Many modern inventions are invented in America, such as telephone, air plane, atom bomb, Internet, etc. Most of people who win the Nobel Prize are from American.3.1.1.4 Freedom and equalityFreedom is greatly

42、advocated in America. No institution or individual can deprive of other individuals freedom except administration institutions executing laws and regulations. American people also strive to equality. The concept of equality is shown in American peoples political, economical and social life. Meanwhil

43、e, American people treat others equally and emphasize compete with others fairly. 3.1.2 Characteristics of American corporate culture3.1.2.1 InnovationUnder the effect of American individualism, one of the most commonly shared values by American enterprise is innovation. Many companies treat it as a

44、 part of their wealth. According to Coca-cola, innovation is at the heart of everything he does; it is the inspiration behind his environmentally-friendly packaging and refrigeration equipment; and it is what makes his cutting- edge marketing connect with consumers. Innovation is what keeps him thir

45、sting for success. Intel believes in innovation: “We are driven by it. We live by it and it is this principle that led us to create the worlds first microprocessor.” On the website of Disney, the worlds biggest cartoon maker, it reads: “We follow a strong tradition of innovation.”3.1.2.2 Customer or

46、ientationAmerican companies pay great respect to users and customers. “Customer is the god of manufacturer”, “Customer is always right”, “Pay frequent visit to customer”, “What customer buy is not goods but expectations” are frequently cited phrases in American business circle.IBM claims “IBM is ser

47、vice”. IBM got great advantage from quality service. The contracts it signed with customer include not only the sales of machine but also a whole package of services.IBM promotes typical assistants. Their only responsibility is to solve whatever complaints and doubts of customers have within 24 hour

48、s. IBM employees are all ready to provide good service for its customers in any time. One of the American IBM customers recalled, “Last time when we met problems, 8 IBM experts quickly came from different places to solve our problems, including four from Europe, one from Canada and one from Latin Am

49、erica.”Joe is a top automobile dealer. He explained the secret of his success, “I sent over 13000 cards to my customers each month. I think sale actually begins after the goods are sold. I try my best to provide perfect service whenever customers asked for help.”3.1.2.3 Emphasize qualityTo win through quality product is very important for successful American business.