北京铁路局客运段服务质量问题分析及对策研究 (6).docx
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1、郑州绿地空间格局及其生态网络优化研究(稿一)郑州绿地空间格局及其生态网络优化研究摘 要随着城市化的快速发展和建设用地的无序蔓延引起了城市景观破碎化严重的现象,造成了一系列城市生态环境问题,影响了生态系统的稳定性和完整性,使生态服务功能不断降低。生态网络的构建和优化能够对破碎的生境斑块进行有效连接,提高区域景观连通性,对生物多样保护和景观生态功能的发挥具有显著意义。 本文以郑州市为研究对象,采用2007年、2011年、2015年、2019年郑州市卫星遥感影像图为数据源,通过Envi和GIS平台进行数据预处理得到研究区的土地利用变化图和MSPA景观类型图,对郑州市十年来的绿地空间格局进行时空变化分
2、析。在此基础上,针对郑州市2019年绿地空间格局现状,利用生态连接度指数对重要的核心区与桥接区进行斑块重要性分析,选取郑州市生态源地;其次,综合考虑土地利用类型、坡度、高程等因素对生物迁移造成的影响,基于最小累计阻力模型生成研究区生态廊道,进一步提取构建潜在生态网络并结合网络分析法对网络结构进行评价分析;最后,通过分析郑州市绿地斑块构成、生态源地分布,总结郑州市绿地空间格局现状问题,分析绿地生态网络的可行性与不足,并针对问题提出生态网络优化策略。本研究成果可以为郑州市生态网络的构建与优化提供科学依据,为生态城市的建设发展提供参考和借鉴。主要成果如下:(1)根据2007-2019年间郑州市土地利
3、用动态变化分析可以得出,郑州市城市化水平提高,建设用地在2011年后出现了明显向东部郑开同城示范区和南部航空港区方向发展的趋势;而林地和草地作为城市绿地空间的重要构成要素整体呈现下降趋势,表明城市建设用地的扩张对耕地和绿地空间造成了侵蚀。通过MSPA景观类型图对郑州市绿地空间格局演变趋势的总结可以看出,随着核心区面积先下降后上升而桥接区面积和占比先上升后下降的波动性变化,郑州市绿地系统空间格局整体呈现出“破碎-分散-聚集”的发展特征,2015年后核心区、分支区和环道区面积的显著回升,说明郑州市“森林城市”建设取得了一定的成效,但总体来看研究区孤岛面积上涨,桥接区面积下降,表明市域绿地空间破碎化
4、程度增加。(2)通过对研究区2019年绿地斑块构成和重要性评价可以看出郑州市绿地空间中小型斑块(1km以下)数量较多,分布广泛,巨型斑块面积占比最大,是市域绿地空间的主体部分,主要集中分布在西南部的山地丘陵地区以及北部的沿黄地区。本文共选取了dPC值较大的15个重要斑块作为生态源地,包括风景名胜区、森林公园、文化保护区等,并基于最小累计阻力模型构建生态阻力面,郑州市综合阻力面呈现东高西低,城市建成区阻力值较高。在此基础上,生成潜在生态廊道提取区域生态网络,并通过计算得出网络闭合度指数(指数)、网络连通度指数(指数)、网络连通率指数(指数)分别为0.5、1.5、0.67,表明研究区生态网络可供物
5、种选择的路径不足,廊道连通性不强,整体网络有待进一步的优化和完善。(3)从生态源地、生态廊道的分布和生态网络结构指数来看,郑州市绿地空间格局现状存在绿地分布不均、城市建成区生态服务功能薄弱、绿地生态网络覆盖度不足、东西部区域连通性差异化明显、近郊区绿地碎化严重等问题,针对问题对生态网络进行优化时,以延续区域自然山水格局、保护生物多样性、缓解城市建设与生态环境矛盾为目的,对城市以西南部风景名胜区、森林公园为主的生态源地加强保护,分类分级建设缓冲地带;将0.5dPC1的重要斑块升级为“二级生态源地”作为生态网络中的“踏脚石”斑块,利用MCR模型结合“二级生态源地”再次构建生态廊道,确定规划新增廊道
6、位置;增补“暂栖地”斑块,构建水系道路廊道恢复修补被道路切割的生态断点,结合最小费用距离生成的生态廊道,串联起一级生态源地、踏脚石、暂栖地,形成了促进区域绿色可持续发展的生态网络框架。 关键词:绿地空间格局;生态网络;形态学空间格局分析;最小累计阻力模型STUDY ON SPATIAL PATTERN AND ECOLOGICAL NETWORK OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN SPACE IN ZHENGZHOU ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of urbanization and the disorderly spread of cons
7、truction land, the urban landscape is seriously fragmented, resulting in a series of urban ecological environment problems, affecting the stability and integrity of the ecosystem, and reducing the ecological service function. The construction and optimization of ecological network can effectively co
8、nnect the broken habitat patches, improve the connectivity of regional landscape, and has significant significance for biodiversity protection and landscape ecological function. This paper takes Zhengzhou City as the research object, uses the satellite remote sensing image of Zhengzhou City in 2007,
9、 2011, 2015 and 2019 as the data source, and obtains the land use change map and MSPA landscape type map of the study area through data preprocessing on ENVI and GIS platform, and analyzes the spatial and temporal changes of green space pattern in Zhengzhou City in the past ten years. On this basis,
10、 according to the current situation of green space pattern in Zhengzhou City in 2019, the ecological connectivity index is used to analyze the importance of patches in the important core area and bridge area, and the ecological source area of Zhengzhou city is selected. Secondly, considering the imp
11、act of land use type, slope, elevation and other factors on biological migration, the ecological corridor of the study area is generated based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the ecological corridor is constructed Finally, by analyzing the composition of green patches and the distrib
12、ution of ecological sources in Zhengzhou City, this paper summarizes the current situation of green space pattern in Zhengzhou City, analyzes the feasibility and shortcomings of green space ecological network, and puts forward the optimization strategy of ecological network. The research results can
13、 provide a scientific basis for the construction and optimization of Zhengzhou ecological network, and provide a reference for the construction and development of ecological city. The main achievements are as follows:(1)According to the analysis of the dynamic change of land use in Zhengzhou City fr
14、om 2007 to 2019, it can be concluded that the urbanization level of Zhengzhou City has improved, and the construction land has obviously developed to the eastern Zhengkai city demonstration area and the southern airport area after 2011; while the woodland and grassland, as the important elements of
15、urban green space, have a downward trend, indicating that the expansion of urban construction land has a negative impact on the urban development Arable land and green space caused erosion. Through the summary of the evolution trend of Zhengzhou green space pattern based on MSPA landscape type map,
16、it can be seen that with the fluctuating change of core area decreasing first and then increasing, while the area and proportion of bridge area increasing first and then decreasing, the spatial pattern of Zhengzhou green space system presents the development characteristics of fragmentation dispersi
17、on aggregation, and the area of core area, branch area and ring area has a significant return after 2015 However, on the whole, the area of isolated islands in the study area increased and the area of bridge area decreased, indicating that the degree of fragmentation of urban green space increased.(
18、2)Through the evaluation of the composition and importance of green space patches in the study area in 2019, it can be seen that the number of small and medium-sized patches (less than 1km2) in green space of Zhengzhou city is large and widely distributed, and the area of giant patches accounts for
19、the largest proportion. It is the main part of the green space of the city, mainly distributed in the mountainous and hilly areas in the southwest and the areas along the Yellow River in the north. In this paper, a total of 15 important patches with large DPC value are selected as the ecological sou
20、rce areas, including scenic spots, forest parks, cultural reserves, etc., and the ecological resistance surface is constructed based on the minimum cumulative resistance model. The comprehensive resistance surface of Zhengzhou is higher in the East and lower in the West, and the resistance value of
21、urban built-up area is higher. Based on the connectivity index of corridor network, the ecological connectivity index () and the ecological path strength index () are 0.67 and 0.5 respectively And perfect it.(3)According to the distribution of ecological sources, ecological corridors and ecological
22、network structure index, there are some problems in the spatial pattern of green space in Zhengzhou City, such as uneven distribution of green space, weak ecological service function of urban built-up area, insufficient coverage of green space ecological network, obvious difference of connectivity b
23、etween eastern and Western regions, serious fragmentation of green space in suburban areas and so on For the purpose of regional natural landscape pattern, protecting biodiversity and alleviating the contradiction between urban construction and ecological environment, we should strengthen the protec
24、tion of the ecological source areas of the city, which are mainly scenic spots and forest parks in the southwest of the city, and build buffer zones by classification; upgrade the important patch of 0.5 DPC 1 to secondary ecological source area as the stepping stone patch in the ecological network,
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