中美贸易战的爆发点和对两国就业的影响.docx

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1、广东东软学院 毕 业 论 文题目：The Outbreak of the Sino-US Trade War and its Impact on Employment in Both Countries中美贸易战的爆发点和对两国就业的影响学 院：外国语学院专 业：商务英语班 级：16商英2班学生姓名：徐楚琼学 号：16260120228指导教师：闫祎希提交日期：2020年4月10日题目性质： 理论课题 实践课题题目来源： 企业项目 科研课题 自拟题目 The Outbreak of the Sino-US Trade Warand its Impact on Employment in Bot

2、h CountriesbyXu ChuqiongUnder the Supervision ofProfessor Yan YixiSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree of Bachelor of Arts诚 信 宣 言我，徐楚琼，郑重宣布：除了参考文献所标明引用的资料和内容之外，本论文中不包含有任何已经被其他高等教育机构所接受的学位或学历论文资料，也不包含有其他任何人已经正式出版的资料内容。 签字： 日期：DeclarationI, Xu Chuqiong, hereby declare tha

3、t this dissertation does not contain any material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institutions of higher learning and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this dissertation does not contain any material previously published or written by another p

4、erson, except when due reference is made in the text of the dissertation. Signed: Date: 已经在导师的指导下进行多次修改，导师已同意提交定稿。 导师签名：日 期：iii广东东软学院本科毕业论文摘 要十九世纪英国首相帕麦斯顿曾说：“没有永远的朋友,仅有永远的利益。这很好地说明了中美两国的关系状态。一直以来美国为了自己的利益，不断向中国挑衅，这严重影响了两国贸易的友好往来。特别是中国的综合国力上升到一定高度之后，美国认为中国凭借自己的实力，会威胁到其领先全球的地位，所以最后直接爆发了贸易战，导致两国的贸易严重受阻

5、。本论文的主要分为以下四部分：首先，在前人研究的基础上，阐述了当前贸易战的研究成果。接着从多方面对中美贸易战进行解析，分析了中美贸易战的爆发点，解释了中美相互提高关税的原因。其次，本文以中美贸易的相关文献和数据为基础，合理地阐述了贸易战对中美两国人民就业的影响。随后，探讨了影响中美两国人民就业的其他主客观因素，指出中美贸易战将对两国人民产生巨大打击。本文认为，这是由于两国有着不同的社会文化和价值观。最后，本文指出了如何解决当前贸易谈判中的困境，并阐述了其对促进两国发展的价值。关键词： 中美贸易战；贸易保护；就业；传统文化ABSTRACTIn the 19th century, British

6、Prime Minister Palmerstone once said: “A country does not have permanent friends, only permanent interests. This is a good illustration of the state of relations between China and the United States”. The United States deliberate provocation to China all the time because of its own interests, which g

7、reatly affects the friendly trade between the two countries. Especially after Chinas comprehensive national strength has risen to a certain height, the United States believes that China, with its own strength, will threaten its hegemonic position, so in the end, a trade war directly broke out, leadi

8、ng to serious obstacles to trade between the two countries. The main contents of this essay will be divided into four parts as follow：Firstly，on the basis of the research of other scholars, this paper expounds the research results of current trade war. Then it analyzes the Sino-US trade war from mul

9、tiple sides, analyzes the outbreak points of Sino-US trade war, and explains the reasons for the mutual increase of Sino-US tariffs. Secondly, the essay reasonably illustrates the impact of the trade war on the employment of Chinese and American people based on the literature and data on Sino-Us tra

10、de. Then, it explores other subjective and objective factors, which affect the employment of Chinese and American people, and points out that the trade war between China and the United States will greatly crack down on people of two countries. This paper argues that this is due to different social c

11、ultures and values. Finally, the essay points out how to solve the predicament in the current trade negotiations, and elaborated its value to promote the development of the two countries.Key words：Sino-US Trade Battle; Trade Protection; Employment; Traditional CultureContentsINTRODUCTION2CHAPTER I B

12、ACKGROUNG OF SINO-US TRADE WAR31.1 Literature Review31.1.1 Literature Review on China41.1.2 Literature Review on US51.2 Research Situation at Home and Abroad61.2.1 Home Research Situation61.2.2 Abroad Research Situation71.3 Innovative Ideas of the Paper81.3.1 Creative Method of Deductive Reasoning a

13、nd Inductive Reasoning.81.3.2 Analysis-Comprehensive Approach.8CHAPTER II BRIEF ANALYSIS ABOUT SINO-US TRADEBATTLE92.1 Introduction of Sino-US Trade War92.2 Breakout Point of Sino -US Trade War92.2.1 Origin of Sino -US Trade War92.2.2 Internal Outbreak of Sino -US Trade War112.2.3 External Outbreak

14、of Sino -US Trade War13CHAPTER III IMPACT OF SINO-US TRADE WAR ON THEEMPLOYMENT OF TWO COUNTRIES153.1 Impact on Employment in China153.2 Impact on Employment in US16CHAPTER IV OTHER INFLUENTIAL FACTORS184.1 Differences in Social Welfare184.2 Differences in Social Culture and Social Values18CHAPTER V

15、 RECOMMENDATIONS20CONCLUSION21REFERENCES22ACKNOWLEDGMENTS24INTRODUCTIONAs two major powers in the world, they are facing a variety of trade conflicts while cooperating closely, proceeding to carry out large-scale trade battles. We have to committed to research the bursting points of Sino-US trade ba

16、ttle for the sake of solve the trade conflicts between two countries effectively. The influence of Sino-US trade war on both sides is not limited in one aspect, but in all aspects. Obviously, the most intuitive one is to affect the employment of the working population of the two countries. Trade dis

17、putes need to be resolved. An objective and rational analysis of why Sino-US trade broke out can facilitate us to effectively deal with trade wars and resolve trade disputes, and help to create a good international atmosphere. CHAPTER IBACKGROUNG OF SINO-US TRADE WAR1.1 Literature ReviewIn recent de

18、cades, there are more and more kinds of unfriendly trade confrontations between the two countries, but they only can be regarded as trade frictions. Until March 23, 2018, President Trump of the United States signed the presidential memorandum formally and announced that according to the results of 3

19、01 investigation, the United States would impose tariffs worth 60 billion US dollars on Chinas import and export prices. The presidential memorandum is considered to be the trigger for a formal trade war.Sino-US trade war refers to the trade between the two countries is out of balance. The two count

20、ries have been locked in a bitter standoff over U.S. efforts to expand exports and restrict Chinese imports for its own economic, political and military needs. Prior to this, some experts have studied a series of problems in the trade war, and most people believe that the outbreak of the trade war i

21、s mainly caused by the two countries different political systems, market economy environment and development status after they have studied a series of issues about Sino US trade war. Go so far as to the impact of the trade war make, some scholars believe that it does not affect the employment in th

22、e two countries substantially in the short term. However, others believe that it will affect the employment of the two countries, both for the United States and China.Xiao He and Xu Qiyuan argue that due to the increase of Chinas economic size, the relationship between the two countries is gradually

23、 changing from interdependence to competition, and this qualitative change is even accelerating (Xiao He & Xu Qiyuan,2019 ,33(02):107-129+7-8). Therefore, the negative interaction between the two countries in various fields of order has been accumulating on the whole, eventually crossing the critica

24、l point of non-enemy, non-friend threshold point. As for the impact of trade war on employment of the two countries, scholars Yu Huanjun and Mao Rihui also put forward that trade can affect domestic employment through export-driven and import substitution effects. Trade frictions may reduce employme

25、nt in the export sector and increase employment in the import competition sector (Yu Huanjun &Mao Rihui, 2019(06):136-139). The impact of trade friction on employment also needs to take c the effects of exchange rate change into account, human capital heterogeneity and expectations. The impact of tr

26、ade friction on employment is more complex，if the value chain factor be considered. They believe that trade frictions have little impact on employment in the short term. However, the drop in employment caused by the policy uncertainty caused by trade frictions may outweigh the direct impact of the s

27、lowdown in global economic growth.1.1.1 Literature Review on ChinaAs for the fuse of the trade war and whether it has an impact on Chinas employment, Cai Hongbo and Xu Meiyun think that there are many reasons for the trade friction between the two countries, including trade deficit, intellectual pro

28、perty rights and innovation, and so on. These problems are difficult to solve foramoment because that the tremendous and wide-ranging trade war shows signs of enduring (Cai Hongbo & Xu Meiyun, 2018(21):58-59).Scholars believe that the trade war cannot be ascribe to trumps unreasonable provocation, b

29、ut should be blamed on the contest between emerging powers and conservative powers in the process of their rise. In May 2004, the United States led western developed countries began to forcibly promote the social responsibility standard SA8000 certification and SA8000 is more likely to become the fo

30、rceful tool to limit the export of labor-intensive products in developing countries. Mei Xinyu said in The Impact of Sino US Trade War on Chinas Labor Market, that Chinas economic development depends on foreign trade to a large extent, so the situation of Chinas labor market is greatly affected by t

31、he operation of foreign trade.( Mei Xinyu, 2018,32(03):1-4). Formanyyears, other conditions are identical in generally. The earnings of export departments and export enterprises are better than those of their counterparts that are only facing the domestic market, and the income stability is better,

32、because the former can utilize the domestic and foreign markets, and use their economic cycles to screed the income fluctuation. Correspondingly, the income of the counterparts who only target the domestic market is inferior to the employees who in the export sector and export enterprises. In this i

33、nstance, a huge trade war is bound to have some impact on Chinas labor market. 1.1.2 Literature Review on USAmerica wants to take advantage of the trade war to increase employment opportunities for the United States and safeguard the long-term interests of its own country. But in fact, does the deve

34、lopment of the trade war really increase the employment opportunities of the United States? Chinas Zhang Qidi said that the decline of employment in the US is largely because of the substitution effect of the continuous progress of productivity on the labor force, which leads to the falling demand l

35、abor demand; secondly, When manufacturing grows to a certain level, its growth rate will slow down (Zhang Qidi, 2017(05):30-36). Therefore, the root to cause the decline in U.S. manufacturing is United States, not in China. For quite some time, the volume of trade between two countries has been huge

36、, which has created many opportunities for the development of the two countries. The outbreak of the trade war has caused huge losses to the development of both countries in all aspects. Trade between the two countries is a win-win partnership, not a zero-sum relationship. From this we can find that

37、 experts and scholars have put forward different views on the factors which affect the employment of two countrys peoples. Although the theoretical basis is strong, we have to admit that these views have certain limitations. Many documents mention that an important reason for the blow up of the Sino

38、-US trade war is the long-term unfavorable balance of trade between the two countries. Accordingly, for the sake of alleviating the trade war, China must reduce its exports to the US in time, and increase its imports of some products to the United States, so as to maintain the trade balance between

39、China and the US, so as to ease trade frictions and promote the friendly development of the two countries. But in practical terms, this does not to settle a dispute fundamentally. It is common knowledge that so long as there is trade between countries, one side must have a deficit and the other side

40、 must have a surplus. Even in an ideal state, it is almost impossible to have a trade balance. If we deliberately create China in a special period of development trade balance in order to create the so-called benign interactive atmosphere, it will definitely do more harm than good for Chinas long-te

41、rm development. In my submission，the basic reason of the decline of employment rate in the United States as a whole is not the trade deficit between the two countries, but more internal factors of the United States itself. Apart from this, the rates of the employment differences between the two coun

42、tries are mainly subjected to different social systems and traditional culture. All these factors are closely related to it1.2 Research Situation at Home and AbroadFor a long time, China and America have had profound cultural exchanges, politically competitive cooperation, and close exchanges in tra

43、de. Especially with the changes in the international environment and the international situation, the exchanges between the two countries in various fields are from the shallower to the deeper, especially in terms of trade. Chinas constant strength has gradually allowed it to grasp the right to spea

44、k internationally. The United States has also gradually changed its relative attitude toward China with cold eyes, and cooperation has also been strengthened. However, with the increase in trade cooperation, trade frictions have gradually surfaced, and the United States has pointed more sharply at C

45、hina. Immediately, many Sino-US trade issues also became hot research topics. 1.2.1 Home Research SituationIn the face of increasingly prominent trade frictions, it has become a major issue for experts to explore the escalating trade and a great deal of impacts brought by trade wars. They put forwar

46、d their point of view on trade war: first, trade war is not just related to economic interests and it is a rather complex issue, because at the same time it is also related to the countrys geopolitics. It will be normalized and prolonged. Second, the existing world order provides a good environmenta

47、l foundation for Chinas development and diplomacy. Therefore, while guaranteeing its own national interests, China should also be consistent with other countries and work together for the common interests of the international community. Third, although China has fulfilled its WTO commitments, the use of Article 301 by the US run counter to the regulations with WTO principles. Fourth, Chinas approach to dealing with the trade war should “to pay a person back in his own coin”, which should be advantageous and reasonable. Fifth, it is not good for anyone to ca