On the cultural difference between English and Chinese from the perspective of Address Form (2).docx

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1、本 科 生 毕 业 论 文题 目专 业班 级姓 名指导教师所在学院完成时间 On the cultural difference between English and Chinese from the perspective of Address Form浙江树人大学人文与外国语学院英语 马 晨Abstract: Language is an integral part of national culture. Different ethnic groups have different cultures, history and customs, which are expressed i

2、n the language of the nation. Different peoples have various address form. In the process of intercultural communication, misunderstanding the habits of the others address will cause mistakes, which will bring great inconvenience. Chinese and English relative appellations are obviously distinguished

3、, especially the titles between clan and non-clan, old and young as well as in-laws and blood relatives. In social appellations, Chinese vocabulary is more abundant than English. The main reason for these diversities is the differences of historical background, family concept and value orientation o

4、f the English and Chinese people.In this thesis, the author mainly elaborates the similarities and differences between English and Chinese address terms from the two aspects: relative appellation and social appellation, then discusses the factors of the cultural background and value orientation of t

5、he two nationalities. Cultural factors are integrated into language learning, thereby improving the level of communication.Key words: Address form; cultural difference; intercultural communication; language learning摘 要 语言是民族文化不可分割的一部分。不同的民族有不同的文化，历史和习俗，并且通过语言体现出来。不同国家的人有不同的称谓形式。在跨文化交际过程中，误解称谓的习惯会造成错

6、误，给人们带来很大的不便。中英文的亲戚称谓明显不同，尤其是宗族与非宗族、长幼辈分以及姻亲和血亲之间。在社会称谓中，汉语词汇比英语更丰富。造成这些差异的主要原因是中英两国人民的历史背景，家庭观念和价值取向不同。本文主要从亲戚称谓和社会称谓两个方面，阐述了英汉称谓语的异同，探讨了两民族文化背景和价值取向的相关因素。文化因素可以纳入语言学习，从而提高沟通水平。关键词 称谓形式；文化差异；跨文化交流；语言学习CONTENTSAbstract.ICONTENTSIII1.Introduction12. Research on Chinese and English Address Forms22.1 C

7、hinese and Foreign Scholars22.2 Definition of Address Forms33. Differences between Chinese and English Address forms33.1 Classification and influence factors33.1.1 Classification of Address forms43.1.2 Influence factors of Address forms43.2 Comparison of Chinese and English Address forms53.2.1 Diffe

8、rences between Chinese and English relative title53.2.2 Differences between Chinese and English social title74. Cultural factors on Differences of Address forms94.1 Differences in ethical thinking94.2 Differences in lifestyle104.3 Differences in Sense of Values115. Inspiration from Differences of Ad

9、dress forms125.1 Strengthen cultural understanding125.2 Expand cultural horizons126. Conclusion13References13141. IntroductionEarly sociolinguistic studies have noted that language actors have a certain social title to each other, and this form of address is used in almost all cultural dialogues. Pe

10、ople want to greet others through it to open the topic and use it to illustrate the subtle social relationships between the two parties. Thus, they could prove that they are part of a social group and establish a speech campaign.The form of address seems to be just a general title. But in fact it is

11、 a highly complex phenomenon. The title is not only a very important negotiation strategy, but also able to grasp the social identity and social relations of both parties in time. Due to the diversity of cultures, the appellation system also shows great differences. As a result, people with differen

12、t cultural backgrounds do not understand each others appellation habits, which will lead to mistakes in the use of words and bring great inconvenience to the exchanges between the two sides. However, most people do not know the importance of it and do not study it carefully. Which leads to the resul

13、t that the appropriate address terms sometimes cannot be used in intercultural communication activities.Comparing the relative appellation system and the social appellation system, there are two obvious characteristics: Firstly, the social appellation is mainly applied to members of society, so its

14、choice is mainly influenced by social relations and social roles, not blood relationship. In different situations, an individual can have multiple forms of title, and this choice often depends on the actual context and other factors. Therefore, the use of social appellation systems is more flexible

15、than the relative system. The second is the instability of social address terms. It will change as social structures and cultural values change. Relatives appellations are relatively stable under a fixed blood relationship.Based on the analysis of the differences between English and Chinese address

16、forms, this paper explores the different historical and cultural backgrounds behind English and Chinese address forms, and finally understands the two languages through understanding different cultures, so as to avoid the failure of communication in the process of intercultural communication due to

17、pragmatic mistakes.2. Research on Chinese and English Address FormsLanguage is the most important communication tool for human beings. In daily life, people generally use language to communicate in order to achieve the purpose of exchanging ideas and understanding information. Without language, huma

18、n society cannot survive and develop. The address term is the most important language category in human interaction. Before we begin to discuss the influence of cultural differences on the address terms, we must first understand the Chinese and foreign scholars research on the address terms.2.1 Chin

19、ese and Foreign ScholarsBecause the title plays a very important role in the process of interpersonal communication, it is receiving considerable attention from the research sociolinguists. In the West, many linguists are devoted to the study of address terms and are largely related to the study of

20、second person pronouns. In the course of the study, informal interviews, literary analysis, questionnaires, etc. were used to examine a variety of European languages, such as French, German, Italian, and Spanish. It was concluded that the semantic relationship of pronouns is divided into powers and

21、solidarity aspects, and use the corresponding initials of Latin words vos and tu to mark. (Erving, 1967) In which, the former v means respect. In the communication, the low power side uses v and the higher power side uses t. its the rule that can not be exchanged and called non-reciprocal way. The l

22、atter t means close and easygoing, which could be used in familiar and informal situations. However, there is no t/v difference in the second person pronoun you in English. The language mark that reflects the power and the equivalent relationship is only used in the name appellation. Brown and Ford

23、(1961) further analyzes the American English appellation system. In addition to the non-reciprocal selection method, it focuses on the choice of the use of the title and surname of the title. In China, the term title was first seen in the Hou Han - Lang Lang Biography: Today, the luxury is the shack

24、les and the world is first; the change of title with change of situation. The title here is a verb. Furthermore, the word which is used to express the meaning of the title and the name, appears in the book of the Jin Shu - Xiao Wu Wen Li Taihou Biography, which is written by Huiji King Sima Daozi: A

25、lthough it is not obvious, but the title is not exhausted, which answers to heaven and provides detailed case of the old code. The title here is the meaning of the person, which has the same meaning as today. In the twentieth century, Zhao Yuanren made a discussion on the modern Chinese appellation

26、system, and also wrote the Chinese names, which listed the form of the Chinese relatives.2.2 Definition of Address FormsSince scholars come from different countries with different cultural backgrounds, the definitions of symmetric predicates are also interpreted differently:1) Address forms are word

27、s and phrases that rappers use to specify who they talk to when talking to them. (Fasold ,1990).2) An address is a form used to give a speech or to directly name a person in writing. (Wales, 1992).3) The correct title or polite language for a person who is speaking or writing. (Longman Dictionary of

28、 Contemporary English, 1978)4) The title is a combination of customary rituals and language, and it is about the language conventions used as names between people.5) Refers to the name of people due to the relationship between relatives and other aspects, suc as identity, occupation, etc.In short, t

29、he address term is the word used by the speaker to refer to the other speakers in the process of verbal communication. It is a way of confirming the name, title, identity, status, role and relationship in peoples social communication. The title is not only a simple phonetic symbol, but also reflects

30、 the customs and habits of a country, a nation, and the relationship between traditional culture and socio-political economy. Therefore, in the daily interactions of various ethnic groups, the appellation language not only has the general person indicating function, but also implies the difference o

31、f a national history, cultural accumulation and thinking mode, and is a bridge for interpersonal communication.3. Differences between Chinese and English Address forms3.1 Classification and influence factors3.1.1 Classification of Address formsThe interpersonal title system can be classified accordi

32、ng to different criteria. The general view is that the title is divided into two aspects, both the kinship title and the social title. The kinship terms have a relatively fixed concept, mainly referring to the names of relatives and relatives who have direct or indirect blood, marriage, and law rela

33、tions with each other. Social appellations are the form of appellation between people and non-family members. Tian Huigang believes that the social title mainly refers to the name used by the social group as a social group according to the others social status. The social status here generally refer

34、s to the others position, title, academic title or other titles. Cao Yu said that the various social roles that people play are called social appellations, which involve peoples identity, status, and occupation. Comparing relatives appellations with social appellations, it is a good testimony to the

35、 characteristics stated in the introduction, that is, the relatives appellations are subject to certain relationships and have certain stability; the social appellations are numerous and will be subject to social relations. The effects of social roles, actual contexts, and other factors change and a

36、re unstable.In the process of daily social interaction, in order to highlight a persons social status, power, occupation, kinship and interpersonal relationship, the social title can be subdivided into job title, name title, personal pronoun title, generic name, zero title and intimate relationship

37、title.3.1.2 Influence factors of Address formsA language will provide a variety of ways of speaking to refer to the same people and things. In the speech communication of strangers, the first thing encountered is the issue of address terms. Addressing is not only a form of linguistic expression, it

38、also condenses the cultural beliefs of a society, and is a reflection of thoughts, feelings, psychology, intentions, ideas, attitudes, etc. in the speech. In the case of English-speaking countries, according to Brown and Gilman, there are two ways of appellation, equal and non-equivalent. Peer-to-pe

39、er refers to the form in which both parties use the direct name or the first name of the name in the process of communication. The non-reciprocal title refers to the different forms of appellation used by both parties to the conversation. People whose native language is English tend to use the equiv

40、alent title in communication. In contrast, Chinese people are more accustomed to using non-reciprocal titles. It is precisely the difference between the choice of Chinese and English appellations. In transnational communication, it is not easy to choose a proper and appropriate appellation.The choic

41、e of title is limited by many factors, which are roughly divided into four aspects: context, status, social distance and age.3.2 Comparison of Chinese and English Address forms3.2.1 Differences between Chinese and English relative titleFor thousands of years, the carving of the feudal society based

42、on the agricultural natural economy of the Chinese nation has ingrained the idea that the entire nation attaches importance to blood relations. Throughout the dynasties, Chinese families have strictly followed the order of old and young, and regardless of poverty and wealth, the members of the famil

43、y are based on the age and the level of seniority. Therefore, there are numerous and strict rules on the form of kinship. For the same generation, according to the old and young children, brother and sister, uncle and aunt, uncle, aunt and aunt; for different generations, the title of the elders to

44、the younger generation can directly call their names, while the younger generation can only strictly follow the corresponding title, and the name cannot be called directly. Not only that, but the boundaries between the name of the blood relative and the title of the in-laws are also very obvious. Bl

45、ood relatives refer to relatives with blood relationship; in-laws refer to relatives that exist by marriage. That is to say, it is necessary to strictly distinguish the appellation relationship between brothers, sisters, and uncles. Uncles are used to refer to blood relatives, while aunts are called

46、 in-laws. Such a complicated form of appellation has many manifestations in the Jia family of Dream of Red Mansions. For example, in the ninth round of Dream of Red Mansions, Mother Jia said: Naturally, I first gave Bao Yu a marriage, and then introduced Lin Biaotou to the other people. There is no

47、distinguish between blood and in-law relations. Baoyu and Daiyu are the grandchildren of Mother Jia, but Mother Jia is deeply influenced by the same ancestral concept of the same surname. She believes that her husbands family is her own family, and that her daughters marriage to other peoples homes

48、is an outsider. Grandson surnamed Jia, which is the husbands surname. Therefore, Mother Jia of course regards Baoyu as his own person, and regards Lins granddaughter Daiyu as an outsider. This concept has continued to this day. In the modern social appellation, the grandmother still calls us grandchildren and granddaughters, and the mothers family calls us outer grandchildren and outer granddaughters to show the difference between inside and outside. This fully reflects the strong concept of the clan relationship, the concept of blood relatives and the concept of succession.Compared w