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1、HISTORY 16 (Ticket #12040): RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS(Page 1 of 2)Objective: Use the Saddleback Librarys online resources to research a topic of your choice in early U.S. history.There are three primary steps:1. Locate TWO (2) scholarly articles about a specific topic of interest doing by doi

2、ng an advanced search on EBSCO: Academic Search Premier, Academic OneFile, and/or JSTOR.2. Carefully read the articles.3. Answer the questions (listed on page 2 of this prompt) for each article. You must work independently on this assignment. Articles must be published in the last ten years (i.e., n

3、o earlier than 2000). Answers must be typed. You must print out a complete copy of each article and attach it to the print versions of your answers.This assignment is worth 100 points (50 for each set of answers) and will be graded based on the following criteria:- Are the questions answered complet

4、ely?- Are the answers clearly explained and supported?- Is the writing carefully proofread and free of mechanical errors? DUE DATE: July 26, before the beginning of Exam Two.PLEASE NOTE: You must submit both a print copy in class AND an online copy via Turnitin on our Blackboard. Please pay attentio

5、n in class for specific directions and suggestions, and let me know if you have questions as you work on the assignment. Here are some helpful links on the Saddleback Library website:1. Summer 2012 Library Workshops: http:/www.saddleback.edu/library/instruction/workshops.html2. Distinguishing betwee

6、n magazines and scholarly journals (important for this assignment):http:/www.saddleback.edu/library/magvsjourn.html3. Writing Resources (including proper source documentation):http:/www.saddleback.edu/library/web/writing.htmlHISTORY 16 (Ticket #12040): RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS (Page 2 of 2) Ple

7、ase type responses to the following questions on (a) separate sheet(s) of paper. Aside from #1, answer each question in 3-4 complete sentences.When including ideas and/or exact words and phrases from the article in your answers, cite the original page numbers in parentheses at the end of your senten

8、ces.BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:1. List the full bibliographic information about the article (author, title, et al) using MLA documentation format. (1) Markus Vink. The Worlds Oldest Trade: Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in theSeventeenth Century. Journal of World History, Vol. 14,

9、No. 2 (Jun., 2003), pp. 131-177. University of Hawaii Press(2) David L. Lightner. The Founders and the Interstate Slave Trade. Journal of the Early Republic, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Spring, 2002), pp. 25-51(3) Joyce E. Chaplin. Slavery and the Principle of Humanity: A Modern Idea in the Early Lower South. J

10、ournal of Social History, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Winter, 1990), pp. 299-315(4) Jan Vansina. Ambaca Society and the Slave Trade c. 1760-1845. The Journal of African History, Vol. 46, No. 1 (2005), pp. 1-272. How do you know that the article is from a scholarly journal? Because I downloaded this article from

11、 JSTOR archive. In the paper, it indicates that it is from a scholarly journal. (4) Because it is published by Cambridge University Press.3. What are the authors credentials? Is s/he a credible source?(1) Markus Vink is a Professor in History at the State University of New York at Fredonia. He earne

12、d his PhD from the University of Minnesota (1998) with a thesis entitled “Encounters on the Opposite Coast: Cross-Cultural Contacts Between Representatives of the Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century.” He is the Book Review Editor of the Journal of the

13、Economic and Social History of the Orient (JESHO) published by Brill Publishers in Leiden, the Netherlands. Yes, he is a credible source. (2) David Lightner was an associate professor at the University of Chicago. David Lightner is a Professor Emeritus from the University of Alberta.He is working on

14、 a biography of singer and comedian Winnie Lightner (no relation to him), who was the foremost female star of Warner Brothers pictures in the early 1930s. He also published Asylum, Prison, and Poorhouse: The Writings and Reform Work of Dorothea Dix in Illinois. Yes, he is a credible source. (3) Joyc

15、e E. Chaplin, James Duncan Phillips Professor of Early American History. Her interests include topics in the history of science and in environmental history. She is the author of An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730-1815 (1993), Subject Matter: Technolog

16、y, the Body, and Science on the Anglo-American Frontier, 1500-1676 (2001), and The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius (2006). She is currently writing a history of circumnavigation. Yes, she is a credible source.(4) Jan Vansina is a historian and anthropologist sp

17、ecializing in Africa. He is the foremost authority on the history of the peoples of Central Africa. Vansina was first trained as a medievalist and ethnographer but became known as one of the most prominent Africanist scholars. In his work, he focuses on the history of African societies prior to Euro

18、pean contact, and is widely regarded as the foremost authority on the history of the peoples of Central Africa. He has published widely on the subject. Jan Vansinas 1961 book, Oral Tradition, was hailed internationally as a pioneering work in the field of ethno-history.FINDING THE SOURCE:4. Why did

19、you choose this topic to research?Personally, I am interested in this topic. By knowing the history, we can better understand the culture and tradition of America and better look forward to the future. (4) Currently, there are many researches done on this topic. I found that there are several simila

20、rities and differences between those researches and I intend to put forward my own opinion on this topic. 5. Which online database did you use to find the article? Which keywords did you use?The online database I used is JSTOR. Key word I used in slave trade. EXPLICATING THE SOURCE:6. What are the s

21、pecific topic, as well as the general subject matter, of the article?(1) Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century(2) Interstate slave trade in nineteenth century (3) While other authors may uncover inhuman or brutal aspect of slavery history, Joyce E. Chaplin exam

22、ines how social history and social-scientific theory within a past society used contemporary social theory to interpret their exploitative relations with others. (4) Slave trade in Angola, specifically in the district of Ambaca7. What is the authors argument or thesis about the topic? (1) The eviden

23、ce of the slave trade in the Indian Ocean is scanty and periodic, and could reflect the nature of the trade. Slave, far from being a peculiar institution, has deep and far reaching roots, stretching back at least to the beginnings of historical times in many parts of the world. He uncovers Slave Tra

24、de in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century.(2) The author comes to the conclusion that during both the drawing up of the Constitution and the battle over ratification, it never entered the minds of most southerners that the Constitution gave Congress the authority to outlaw the interstates la

25、ve trade. Given their reverence for property rights and their lack of awareness of the future importance of the interstate slave trade, it is highly unlikely that any delegates to the Constitutional Convention or to the state ratification conventions consciously set out to destroy slavery by giving

26、Congress the power to crush that trade. (3) She comes to the conclusion that Whites in the lower south - Georgia and South Carolina - began midway through the eighteenth century to reconsider the ways they thought about and treated slaves. Whites could and did rely on another recently formed idea to

27、 reinterpret their relation to blacks - the principle of humanity. The transplantation of modern ideas about humanity into the lower south reveals something about the nature of power, and about the nature of benevolence. The principle of humanity reformed whites treatment of slaves, but it is imposs

28、ible to assess this reform solely in terms of positive improvement.(4) The main impact of the slave trade on social organization in the Ambaca district after the late i6oos was no longer caused by the forcible capture of slaves but became more and more an effect of the provision of credit in the sha

29、pe of an ever increasing flood of coveted commodities. As the situation in Ambaca shows the slave trade not only affected the main demographic features and the economic and over-arching political in-situations and practices, it also transformed social organizations at the grass-roots level in rural

30、as well as in urban areas.8. What types of evidence does the author use to support her/his argument? (1) The author cited quotations from other researchers. Meanwhile, he explores the Asian-centric historiography on colonial slave and slave trade. He used facts and historical references to support t

31、o his argument. (2) The author cited quotations from other researchers. Meanwhile, he discussed history during the foundation of America. He cited constitutional clauses to support his argument. By analyzing the clauses and other researchers points, he came to his own conclusion. (3) The author cite

32、d ideas of other scholars. By analyzing the situation of black people in that certain period, she reveals to us the unequal position of the white and the black. She used facts to support her argument. (4) The author of the paper referred to historical documents. Besides, he analyzed opinions of othe

33、r scholars, chiefs position, and main social mechanism at that time period to support his own. argument. 9. What is the authors purpose in writing this article?(1) This article is a first step to unsilence the history of the worlds oldest trade and to correct or re-Orient the historiographical imbal

34、ance by looking at the organization and numerical aspects of Dutch slavery and slave trade in the Indian Ocean in the seventeenth century. His purpose is to arouse peoples awareness in slave trade. (2) Reveal the interstate slavery trade to the public and explain why constitutional clauses in the ea

35、rly nineteenth century couldnt eliminate slavery from the root. David L. Lightner has written a valuable analysis of the coming of the American Civil War. Working under the assumption that controversies surrounding slavery were the primary causes of the conflict, he offers new interpretive insights

36、about those disputes. In particular, he asserts that the power of the Federal government to regulate commerce was a potential weapon that could have been used to regulate or even abolish the interstate trade in slaves. Observing that most previous scholars have neglected this part of the debates in

37、the antebellum period, Lightner feels strongly that he has uncovered a key element in threat that Lincolns election held for the South.(3) The author reveals us the unfair situation suffered by the black. However, she also discussed this issue from another perspective, namely humanity. She admitted

38、that slavery is wrong from its beginning, but she also saw humanity between the relationship of slave owner and slave themselves. (4) The author focuses on the social impact of slave trade. He argued that not only did the slave trade reshape the main socio-political institutions at the grass-roots l

39、evel, it also transformed every facet of Ambundu life, including basic demographic patterns.10. Who is the authors intended audience?Both researchers and ordinary people. (4) Scholars in this fieldASSESSING THE SOURCE:11. Does the author make a persuasive historical argument? Why or why not?(1) Yes.

40、 By citing references and opinions of other researchers, this author vividly pictures the salve trade history in Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century. He reveals the history and fact to us that often neglected by some people. His argument is persuasive with supporting explanations. (2) Yes. By re

41、ading this paper, we can strongly get the main focus of this paper. He used lots of references and it is based on historical facts. His argument is clear with his supporting evidence.(3) Yes. Since this paper cites many historical facts and opinions of other researchers, I believe the author make a

42、persuasive historical argument. Her argument is based on truth and analyses. (4) Yes. By citing historical references, discussing other researchers opinions and analyzing the social and economic patterns influenced by slave trade, I believe the author makes a persuasive argument. 12. Did you learn a

43、nything new about this topic from the article, or does it reinforce things you already knew?(1) Yes. I learn something new about the slave trade, especially in Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century. Meanwhile, it reinforce that slave trade is a brutal and inhuman history. People shall be treated e

44、qually and no one has the right to sell others. Only by remembering the history, can we progress our civilization and not make mistakes again. (2) Yes. I learned more about the interstate slavery history in America. I also understand more about the situation between the northern and the southern Ame

45、ricans. Meanwhile, it grants me with the knowledge why constitutional clause may sometimes loss its power over slavery in the nineteenth century. (3) Yes. I learned more about the relationship between slave owner and slave themselves. Humanitys parallel influence on slaveholders, and its usefulness

46、to them, reveals that this modern idea could teach members of ruling elite to exploit others in a kindly fashion, even if they were not directly involved in industrial production.(4) This paper put forward a concept to me that slave trade has influenced social and economic patterns to a very deep ex

47、tent. The slave trade in Angola, specifically in the district of Ambaca, transformed the social organization of its inhabitants at the grass-roots level by introducing an ever increasing quantity of coveted commodities and by providing credit in counterpart for pawnship.(1) 是标号20079204文章的答案(2) 是标号3124856文章的答案(3) 是标号3787500文章的答案(4) 是标号4100827文章的答案