中考英语语法非谓语专题1动词不定式 课件.pptx

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1、中考非谓语之动词不定式,学习目录,一. 什么是动词不定式？二. 动词不定式有什么特点？三. 动词不定式的用法。,动词不定式：是指动词的一种不带词性变化从而不指示人称，数量，时态的一种形式。动词不定式形式：to do否定形式：not to do进行时：to be doing被动式：to be done完成时：to have done,一、什么是动词不定式？,1. 动词不定式的时态变化(1).He pretends to laeve.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)(2). He pretends to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(3)

2、.He pretends to have known it.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),二、动词不定式有什么特点？,2. 动词不定式的语态变化（主动、被动）1.) I want to have a long rest after work.2.) I wish to be sent to work in the country.3.) I went to the hospital to see a doctor.4.) I went to the hospital to be examined.5.) It is impossible for me to finish such jo

3、b.6.) It is a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.,三、动词不定式的作用,1. 做主语2. 作表语3. 作宾语4. 作宾语补足语5.作定语6. 作状语,成为一个医生需要很多付出。To be a doctor needs lots of afforts. 学好英语并不容易。To learn English well is not easy.骑自行车去那更方便。To go there by bike is more convenient.动词不定式做主语谓语动词用单数。,1. 不定式做主语：,注：动词不定式和动名词作主

4、语的区别,1. _ is not allowed here. (smoke)2. It is not good for you _ too much.3. _ (ride) a bike is good for health.4. _ (ride) a bike there takes 30 min.动名词表示抽象的事情(动作)或经常发生的。动词不定式表示具体的某个动作或偶尔某次的动作。,Smoking,to smoke,Riding,To ride,在英语中，当不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。,1：It is + adj. (+for/of sb.) +

5、to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是怎样的 或做某事某人是怎么样,Its difficult for me to answer the question.对于我来说回答这个问题很难。for前的形容词用来修饰动词不定式。It is kind of you to help me.帮助我你真的太好了。of前的形容词用来修饰人。,2. It takes/took sb some time to do sth.做某事花费了某人的多长时间It took me 2 hours to go home on foot.3. Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 Its you

6、r turn to clean the blackboard.,4. Its time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 Its time for me to go home.5. Its a pleasure(for sb.) to do sth.做某事是很开心的 It is a great pleasure for me to have a dinner with you.,2. 动词不定式作表语。1. The next step is _ (read) the text 2.2. The purpose of the meeting is _(make) the

7、last dicision.3. My dream is _(be) a doctor.4. My hobby is _ (play)football.动词不定式表示具体的某个动作或偶尔某次的动作。,to read,to make,to be,playing,1. The little boy planed _ (go) school before 8 oclock. 2. Would you like _ (have)lunch with us?3. Tom refused _(come) into the room?4. I hope _(invite) to go the party.5

8、. I dont like _(treat) as a child.当动词不定式与主语表被动时，为 to be done.,3. 动词不定式做宾语,to go,to have,to come,to be invite,to be treat,我认为保持健康是很重要的。,I think that it is important to keep healthy.,I think it important to keep healthy.,I think that to keep healthy is important.,I think to keep healthy important.,thi

9、nk considerfind make feel,形式宾语,学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。,Students thought _.,她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。,She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.,it interesting to play computer games.,it + adj+ to do,1.My friends want _(book) some tickets to the movie for us.2. They finished _(read) the text.3. He plans _ (go) to Bei

10、jing for a holiday.4. The boy hopes _ (pass) the English exam.5. My parents decide _ (give) me more money.6. I am all interested in _(ride) bikes.,to book,reading,to go,to pass,to give,riding,动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的动词有 tell, ask, get, want, would like, wish, teach, help , order, invite, get, allow, send, le

11、ad 等.常构成下面的句型：V + sb. + to do /V +sb. not +to do,4. 不定式做宾语补足语I asked Paul _ (carry) the box.She told me _ (not give) the book to him, because it didnt belong to him.,to carry,not to give,1. I wish you _ (help) me when I am in trouble.2. I wish me _ (help) when I am in trouble.3. The teacher asks us

12、_ (finish) the report.4. The teacher asks the report _(finish). 如果宾语是宾补动作的发出者，宾补用to do;如果宾语是宾补动作的接受者，用to be done。,to help,to be helped,to finish,to be finished,1. Does anyone wish you _ (be) a doctor? 2. My teacher always tells me _ (study) hard.3. I dont want all money _ (spend).4. Shed like me _ (

13、join) them.5.My best friends teach me _ (swim).6.Her friend often invites her _ (have) dinner.,to be spent,to be,to study,to join,to swim,to have,特别注意：部分动词不定式作宾补时，常省略不定式中的to。,1感2听3让4看半帮助当谓语动词表示被动时，省略的to要做补充。,feellisten to / hearmake/have/letlook at/ watch/see/noticehelp,主动：make sb do 被动：sb be made t

14、o do The thief was seen _(enter) the room.The missing boy was watched _ (play) by the river.I am always made _(get) mad by my son. The old lady was help _(carry) the haevy bag.,to enter,to play,to get,to carry,1. I have something _ (say).2. She has a lot of work _(do) every day .3. The old man has a

15、 house _ (live).4. She is a nice person_ (talk).当动词不定式作宾语时，被修饰词和不定式存在动宾关系，被修饰词是不定式的接受者，但不用被动。,to say,to do,to live in,to talk with,5. 动词不定式做定语（后置）,他在找一个住的房间。没什么可担心的。 请给我支写东西的笔。,There is nothing to worry about,Please give me a pen to write with,不及物动词的不定式作定语时，需要在动词加介词或副词，构成及物动词短语，才能构成完整的动宾关系。,He is lo

16、oking for a room to live in,6. 动词不定式作状语a. 目的状语I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time b. 原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等词后面。 I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you,c. 作结果状语。 Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 100

17、0 people作结果状语时，常见的结构时too adj/adv to do 太怎么样而不能。adj/adv enough to do 足够地怎么样能。,动词不定式的特殊用法,1. 特殊疑问词与不定式的连用，可在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。I dont know _(come).Can you tell me _(get) to the atation?_(solve) the problem is important.My question is _(start) the class.,whether to come,how to get,How to solve,when to start,

18、1.Joe is teaching Alice _ the chair. A. how repair B. how repairing C. how to repair2. I dont know _ (do) next. 3. I dont know _ (do) it next.4. Could you tell me _ (come)?,what to do,how to do,when to come,C,2. 关于省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.Would you like to go with me ?Yes, _.(2). 不定式是to be 结构,

19、be 不可省.Would you like to be a teacher?Yes, _.,Id like to,Id like to be,1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,B,A

20、,(3)为了避免重复，由and或or连接两个不定式 时，般可以省略第二个不定式符号to。1. Im really sure what to think or _ (say).2. Do you want to swim or _ (climb)the hills next Saturday？,say,climb,注3：不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry)(2). I have no choice but_. (go)(3). What do you like _ besides _ . (do, sleep)?(4). During the holiday, I often do our homwwrok besides _(rest).,cry,to go,to do,sleep,to rest,