中考语法专题 形容词副词及形容词副词的等级课件.pptx

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1、中考句法之形容词、副词,一、形容词的用法：,（一）概念：形容词修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。She is a nice girl.He has long hair.Please give me the big one.,形容词分类,性质形容词和叙述形容词两类叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid, asleep, awake, alone等。He is still alive.The boy is asleep.,形容词构成变化:名词 形容词,(a). 在名词后面加-

2、y可以变成形容词rainrainycloudcloudywindwindysnowsnowyhealthhealthy lucklucky,注意：,1). 如果以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写辅音字母再加“-y”。 sunsunny， funfunny， fogfoggy2). 少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加“-y”。noisenoisy, iceicy, shineshiny(发亮的)， taste(口味)tasty(甜的),(b). 名词后面加-ed，以e结尾的直接加d。spot(斑点)spotted(有斑点的) talenttalented (有

3、天赋的) organizeorganized (有组织的) balancebalanced(平衡的)注意：表示人情感类的动词往往有两种形容词变化。如：excite -excited/exciting surprise-surprised/surprising,(c). 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词carecareful， thankthankful， helphelpful，useuseful， meaningmeaningful(d). 在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词carecareless(粗心的) useuseless(无用的)hopehopeless(没希望

4、的)homehomeless(无家可归的),(e). 一些以-ance/ence结尾的名词，把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如： differencedifferentsilencesilent confidenceconfidentimportanceimportant,(f). 在名词后加-ous变为形容词 danger-dangeroushumor-humorousnerve-nervousenvy-envious(g). 名词后面加-al变为形容词 musicmusical medicinemedical (医疗的),(h). 名词后面加-able变为形容词，如果以e结尾就去e再加“-ab

5、le”。valuevaluablecomfortcomfortable(i). 名词后面加-en变成形容词（尤其指材料）woodwooden woolwoolen 羊毛的goldgolden 金色的，金质的,(j). 以ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的 fatherly像父亲的lovely可爱的 lively活泼的lonely孤独的 deadly致命的silly傻的，无聊的 orderly秩序的manly男子气概的 daily每日的weekly每星期的 yearly每年的likely 可能的 smell-smelly adj.发臭的, 有臭味的,1. The experiment mus

6、t be very_ (help) to her.2. Were really _ (luck) to live in such a powerful country.3. Lets go swimming in the river this afternoon. (danger)Wed better not. Its _ .4. On _ days,leaves fall on the ground and the road looks beautiful.(wind)5. The children were really_ when they lay on the beach. (rela

7、x),relaxed,lucky,helpful,dangerous,windy,6. He devoted much money to building the schools in _ (mountain) areas.7. Unfortunately, my car broke down on a _ (mud) road.8. We should form good eating habits and do proper exercise in order to stay _(health).9. Everyone should play his part in building a

8、_ (harmony) society.10. Shes very _ (like) to ring me tonight.,mountainous,muddy,healthy,harmonious,likely,形容词的用法,1. 作定语,一般放在所修饰词(名词或代词)的前面。她是个漂亮的女孩。She is a pretty girl.这个聪明的男孩在十分钟画了一副漂亮的画。The clever boy drew a beautiful picture in ten minutes. 注：形容词修饰不定代词作后置定语。,不同种类的形容词同时修饰一个名词时，其常用排列顺序如下：,限：指限定词，

9、如冠词、指示代词、不定代 词、基数词、序数词等。观：指表示主观看法的词。形：指大小、长短、高低、方圆等形状的词。龄：指年龄、新、旧的词。色：指颜色的词。国：指国籍的词。材：指材料、种类的词。,2. 作表语,放在系动词或半系动词之后。今天他看起来很高兴。He looks happy today. 水对生物来说非常重要。Water is very important to living things. 保持健康很重要。It is important to keep/stay/remain healthy.,3. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。这件消息让我伤心。The news made me sad

10、. 我发现学好英语很难。 I found it difficult to learn English well. 形容词作定语时，常与make, leave, keep, find, think等动词搭配。,副词副词：用来修饰形容词，副词或整句(动词)的句子成分，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等，在句中作状语。1. I often go to work by bus.2. We will go there if we have enough time.3. Tom plays football much better than me.4. I met my old friend in beijin

11、g accidentally.,副词的位置,1. 副词修饰动词时，常位于助、情、be之后，实意动词之前；或动词之后。He is always late for the class.I get up early every morning.He didnt drink water enough.,2. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，常位于形容词，副词前，常用来表示程度。,It is too easy. I can do it myself.We are quite diffrernt from each other.Tom plays fooball very well.The water is cl

12、ear enough to drink.注：enough修饰形容词副词要后置。,3.副词修饰整句时，常位于句首。,1. Suddenly, he thought out a good idea.2. Unluckily, he lost his new pen on the way home.3. First, we should make a plan.,副词的分类,1. 时间频度副词 如：now，never2. 地点副词 如：there，here3. 方式副词 如：carefully，4. 程度副词 如：very，quite5. 疑问副词 如：how，when6. 关系副词 如：when，

13、where，why7. 连接副词 如：however，then,副词的变化,以ly结尾的副词大都是由形容词变化而来的。 一般直接加“元e”去e加“辅y”改i加“le”结尾e改y,wide-widely, polite-politelytrue-trulyhappy-happily, heavy-heavilyterrible-terribly, enjoyable-enjoyably,注：有些词既可以是副词，也可以是形容词，且加ly后词义有很大变化。,1. fast 2. hard3. far4. high5. pretty6. well7. late8. close,adj. 快速的 adv

14、. 快速地 adj. 艰难的，坚硬的 adv. 努力地adj. (遥)远的 adv. 距离长地adj. 高的 adv. 高地adj. 漂亮的 adv. 非常地adj. 身体好的 adv. 好adj. 迟的 adv. 迟地adj. 紧密的，亲密的 adv. 接近地,1. late lately 2. hard hardly3. near nearly 4. high highly5. most mostly6. close closely7. deep deeply,最近，近期 几乎不，很少几乎非常非常紧密地非常,1. That is a very _ train. t gIoes very_.

15、2. He is a _ worker. He works _ .3. He has gone to the _ East. We didnt walk very_.4. That is a very _ building. The birds are flying _.5. She is a _ girl. That is a _ good picture.6. Im afraid he is not _.(healthy) He can sing _ .,fast,hard,fast,hard,Far,far,high,high,pretty,pretty,well,well,1. He

16、came_. I havent seen him _.2. My grandparents live quite _. I _ made a mistake.3. We had to work _ . They could _ find their way.4. The boy climbed _ up the tree. She is _ interested in history. 5. _ people like the film, but I am not _ interested in it.,late,lately,near,nearly,hard,hardly,high,high

17、ly,Most,mostly,形容词和副词的比较级、最高级,当事物、人两者或多者进行比较，用来表示某个事物、人更怎么样或最怎么样时，就可以使用比较级或最高级。我比Tom更用功。I work harder than Tom.中国人民是世界上最努力的人。Chinese are the hardest in the world.,(两者比较用比较级),(三者或三者以上比较用最高级),形容词、副词三种级的变化,1. 一般情况直接加-er或-estnew-newer-newestlong-longer-longest2. 以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfine-finer-finestlate-later

18、-latest,3. 以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er 或-esteasy-easier-easiesthappy-happier-happiest4. 重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthot-hotter-hottestfat-fatter-fattest5. 多音节单词在前加more或mostboring- more boring-most boringexpensive-more expensive -most expensive,better(更好)worse(更坏)less(更少)more(更多)farther(距离)further(

19、程度),best(最好)worst(最坏)least(最少)most(最多)farthest(最远)furthest(最远),比较级常用句型,1. 同级比较: A与B一样。句型1：A +be +as/so 形容词(原级) as+ B.我和Tom一样的高。I am as/so tall as Tom.句型2：A +实义动词+ as/so 副词(原级) as+ B.我和Tom跑得一样快。I run as/so fast as Tom.,句型3：A+be not+as/so 形容词(原级) as+ B.句型4：A+not实义动词+ as/so副词(原级)as+B.表示A不如B怎么样，A没有B怎么样。

20、我没有Tom那么高。I am not as tall as Tom.我跑得不如Tom快。I dont run as fast as Tom.,2. 非同级比较：A比B更怎么样。句型1：A+be+形容词(比较级)+ than+B.Lily比Mary更漂亮。Lily is more beautiful than Mary.句型2：A+实义动词+副词(比较级)+than+B.Lily学习比Tom更努力。Lily studies harder than Tom.,句型3：the+比较级., the+比较级.越怎么样，就越怎么样。1. 越努力，你就会越幸运。The harder you work, th

21、e luckier you will be.2. 你越担心，失去的就越多。The more you worry, the more you will lose.,句型4：比较级 and 比较级越来越怎么样1. 天气变得越来越冷了。It is getting colder and colder.2. 中国变得越来越强大了。China is becoming stronger and stronger.3. 我们应该保护环境让我们的城市越来越美。We should protect the environment to make our city more and more beautiful.,句

22、型5：the 比较级 of +两者事物、人两者当中更怎么样1. Tom是这两个学生中更胖的那一个。Tom is the fatter of the two students.2. 这本书是两个中更有趣的那一个。This book is the more interesting of the two.,句型6：A+be+基数词+单位+形容词(比较级)+than+B.A比B更怎么样(具体的数据)1. 我比Tom小5岁。I am 5 years younger than Tom.2. 这座桥比那座桥长25米。This bridge is 25 meters longer than that one.

23、,句型7：A be+基数词+times+as 原级 as +B.A是B的几倍。爸爸的年龄是我9倍。My father is 9 times as old as me.A be+基数词+times+比较级+than+B.A比B多几倍。My father is 8 times older than me.,1. This book is _ (cheap) than that one.2. It is _ (hot) today than yerterday.3. This book is _(easy) than that one.4. Our school becomes _.5. _ you

24、 pay, _ you will get.6. Jerry does his work as _ (good)as Tom.7. 这座大楼是那棵树的5倍高。(clean)The building is _ the tree.The building is _ the tree.8. The boy is _ (patient) of the two.,cheaper,hotter,easier,cleaner and cleaner,The more,the more,well,5 times as tall as,4 times taller than,the more patient,最高

25、级常用句型,句型1：主语+be+the+形容词(最高级)+of/in+范围。Tom是我们四个中最高的。Tom is the tallest of us four.夏天是一年中最热的。Summer is the hottest in a year.,句型2：主语+实意动词+副词(最高级)+of/in+范围。Tom在这十个学生当中学习最努力。Tom studies hardest of the ten students.我是班里最快完成作业的。I finished the homework fastest in the class.,注：如何区别of、in,of后跟比较的数量1. 我们四个人当中o

26、f us four2. 所有人of all3. 二十个学生中of the 20 students,in后跟比较的范围1. 在世界上in the world2. 在我们家in our family3. 在我们学校in our school,1. The fifth orange is _(big) _ all. 2. He is _ (strong) _ the class.3. He runs _(fast) _ the four boys.4. Maths is _(interseting) _ all the subjects.5. Our English teacher is _(bus

27、y) _ our school.,the biggest,of,the strongest,in,fastest,the most interesting,the busiest,of,of,in,句型3：one of the 最高级+名词复数表示最。之一1. 上海是最美丽的城市之。Shanghaiis_.2. 中国是最古老的国家之一。China is _.,oneofthemostbeautifulcities,one of the oldest countries,句型4： the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词单数表示第几。(长、高、贵)的 1. 黄河是中国第二长河。The

28、Yellow River is _ in China.2. 中国是世界上第三大国家。China is _ in the world.,the second longest river,the third largest country,注1：比较级表最高级,句型1： 比较级+ than+ any other+名词单数=比较级+ than+the other +名词复数我比班上其他学生都高。I am taller than any other student in the class.I am taller than the other students in the class.I am th

29、e tallest in the class.,句型2：Nothing/no one be/实意动词 比较级+than没有什么事/什么人更怎么样1. 没有什么事比读书更有用了。Nothing is more helpful than reading books.2. 没有人比Tom学习更努力。No one studies harder than Tom.,注2：以下词可以用来表示比较级的程度，many, much, even, far(差别较大)a little, a bit(差别较小)1. 这太电脑比那台贵多了。This computer is _ than that one.2. 我比Tom胖一点点。I am _ than Tom.,much more expensive,a little fatter,