初中英语语法总复习:宾语从句的重点讲解.doc
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1、初中英语语法总复习:宾语从句的重点讲解1、概述 宾语从句是主从复合句中最常见的从句之一。整个句子的结构是以主句开始,主句有主语和谓语动词(必须是及物动词),二宾语是一个句子。从句本身有主语、谓语及其他成分。试比较: 简单句:I know him. 我认识他。主 谓 宾复合句:I know (that) he is a good student. 我知道他是一个好学生。主句 宾 语 从 句2、宾语从句记忆方法:一个定义,二个难点,三种连词。. 一个定义:在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。. 二个难点:宾语从句的语序 主从句的时态呼应(1)宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。在把两个独立的句
2、子连成一个含宾语从句的复合句式,要特别注意从句的语序。Where does he work? Do you know? Do you know where he works? 你知道他在那里上班吗?把疑问句改为陈述句的方法: 如果有be动词、情态动词以及shall, will, has, have等助动词,把它们调到主语之后即可。What are they doing? The teacher asks. The teacher asks what they are doing? 如果有do, does, did等助动词,必须将其去掉。但在否定疑问句中,doesnt, dont, didnt等
3、则不能去掉。Do you like English? The teacher asks. The teacher asks if you like English.Didnt Peter go there yesterday? I asked. I asked if Peter didnt go there yesterday.(2)主从句的时态呼应在复合句中,从句中的动词时态在一定程度上受到主句动词时态的制约,这种现象称为时态呼应。 当主语是一般现在时或一般将来时态时,宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。I hear he went to Beijing yesterday. 我听说他昨天去
4、北京了。I know that she is leaving for Guangzhou tomorrow. 我知道她明天将要去上海。He believes that he has mastered enough knowledge. 他相信自己应经掌握了足够多的知识。Have you decided what we will do tomorrow? 你拿定主意明天干什么吗? 当主语是过去时态,宾语从句必须用过去时态的某种形式。He said he was working hard on Chinese.他说他在努力学习中文。(从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,从句用过去进行时。)She wa
5、s sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.她很遗憾没有按时完成工作。(过去完成时)Her father said that he would buy a new computer the next week。她爸爸说下周将买台新电脑。(过去将来时)He told us what happened to him in 2006. 他告诉我们2006年发生在他身上的事。(一般过去时)注意下列主句中的could,would不表示过去时态,而是表示一种客气,婉转的语气,所以宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要用任何时态。Could you tell me
6、 when he will be back? 你能告诉我他什么时候回来吗?Could you tell me where you went last night? 你能告诉我昨晚你去哪里了吗?Yes, I can.(用could提问,回答用can) 如果宾语从句表示的是一个永恒不变的客观事实或普遍真理、科学原理、自然现象,即使主句是过去时,从句仍然用一般现在时。The teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。(客观事实)The teacher told the boys two and two is four.老师告
7、诉孩子们二加二等于四。(客观事实).“三种连词”(1) 连词that在宾语从句中无实际意义,它所连接的宾语从句是陈述说明某一事实,句子成分一般俱全,句意明确。把一个陈述句变为宾语从句,要用that引导。如:They are good men. She said. She said (that) they were good men.She said that she had read the book and that is was very interesting.她说她看过这本书,这本书很有趣。(2) if 或whether表示“是否”,用它引导句子,说明对所陈述的事物不明确或不清楚,常用
8、在ask,wonder,can you tell me之后;把一个一般疑问句变为宾语从句时,用if(whether)连接。如:Are these answers right? She asked. She asked if(whether) these answers were right.(3)连接代词(who,whose,what)连接副词(when, why, where, how),有明确的意义, 在宾语从句中充当句子成分,表示对不知道的人、事物、地点、时间、方式等的询问。把特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,特殊疑问句作宾语从句的引导词。如:Do you know what he has do
9、ne? 你知道他干什么去了吗?(作宾语)Please ask her which book is hers? 请问问她哪本书是她的.(作定语)Please tell us why you are late. 请告诉我们你为什么迟到了。(作原因状语)How long has Mr. Turner been back? He asked. He asked how long Mr. Turner had been back. 他问特纳先生回来多久了。(作时间状语)3、巧选if和whether说明:一般来说,if和whether都可以引导宾语从句,两者可以互换。 If常用于口语中,whether则多
10、用于书面语中。如:He asked if/whether they needed some more tea.他问他们是否还需要些茶。但下列情况只能用whether,而不能用if:1 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether。Whether well go to the Great Wall tomorrow depends on the weather.明天我们是否去参观长城要看天气而定。(主语从句)The question is whether he can lend us some money. 问题是能否借给我们一些钱。The question whether I wil
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