虚拟语气考点透视- 高三英语一轮复习素材.docx
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1、高中英语虚拟语气考点透视一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1.条件句中的虚拟语气(1)含有if条件状语从句的虚拟语气这是虚拟语气最普遍的表达形式,虚拟语气中主句和条件状语从句的谓语动词构成的具体情形见下表:例1.If Sam were here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh.如果Sam在这里,他可以见到这位著名学者本人准会非常激动。例2.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been abl
2、e to paint such realistic pictures.如果没有发现透视法,人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。例3.If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 万一明天下雨,他们就不出去了。(2)if虚拟条件句的省略与倒装在具体语境中,为了句子结构的简洁,if引导的虚拟条件句常常省略if,并将从句中的were,had,should 提前。例4.Were Sam here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh.如果Sam在这里,他
3、可以见到这位著名学者本人准会非常激动。例5.Had the rules of perspective not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如果没有发现透视法,人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。例6.Were it to rain tomorrow, they would not go out.万一明天下雨,他们就不出去了。(3)混合虚拟语气在具体的表达情境中,还会出现虚拟条件状语从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致的情况。这时,我们要根据它们所表示的时间做出相应
4、的调整。例7.If I had listened to her suggestion yesterday(过去), the accident would not happen(现在).如果昨天我听从了她的建议,就不会发生这次事故了。例8.If I didnt get injured in the accident (现在), I could take part in the marathon next week(将来). 如果我没有在事故中受伤,我就能参加下周的马拉松。(4)含蓄虚拟语气虚拟条件有时不直接用if从句表达出来,而是通过一些介词短语或连词(如without, but for,oth
5、erwise, or 等)来暗示或上下文来表示,有时还可以用分词短语或独立主格结构来体现。例9.He would have played but for (要不是)a knee injury.他要不是膝部有伤的话,就上场了。例10.The workers were not better organized, otherwise (要不然,相当于if the workers had been organized better)they would have accomplished the task in half the time.这些工人们没有组织好,要不然他们只需一半的时间就能完成任务。例
6、11.Meeting him somewhere else (相当于if I had met him somewhere), I wouldnt have recognized him.要是在别处遇到,我肯定认不出他来。例12.Everything taken into consideration (相当于if everything had been taken into consideration), the accident wouldnt have happened.如果把一切考虑周全,事故就不会发生。2.其他状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)as if引导的方式状语从句中,从句的谓语动词存在三
7、种情况:与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;与将来事实相反,用过去将来时。例13.They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.他们开始热聊了起来,一见如故。例14.He treats me well as if I were his daughter.他把我当他女儿一样善待。【注意】有时候as if从句中并没有表示虚拟,而是表示一种判断,那么就不必使用虚拟结构了。例如:例15.It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。(事实如何并不明确,只是说话
8、人的一种判断与推测)(2)在含有even if引导的让步状语从句的句子中,主从句的谓语动词也存在三种情况,主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同。例16.Even if he were rich, I wouldnt marry him.就算他很有钱,我也不会嫁给他。(3)in case,for fear that,lest,in order that,so that等引导目的状语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“should/could/would/might+动词原形”。例17.I obeyed her lest she should be angry.我得顺着她,免得她生气。例18.I ga
9、ve you a map so that you wouldnt get lost.我给你一张地图免得你迷路了。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气除了在条件状语从句中频繁使用,还常常出现在各种名词性从句中。常见的几种情形如下:1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)四类动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词需使用should+动词原形的形式来表示虚拟,should可以省略。这四类动词主要有:一“坚持”(insist),三“命令”(command, direct, order),四“建议”(advise, propose, recommend, suggest),六“要求”(ask, desire, dema
10、nd, request, require,urge)。例19.At that time, my father suggested that I (should) set a clear goal and struggle for it.那时候,父亲建议我树立明确的目标并为之努力奮斗。例20.The teacher insisted that we (should) take an active part in social activities.老师要求我们积极参加社会活动。【注意】当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意, insist表示“坚持某种看法或主张”,或者其后宾语从句中
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