山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破八 非谓语动词.doc
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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语山东版年高考第二轮复习英语山东版八、非谓语动词八、非谓语动词真题试做真题试做1(2012 山东高考,26)George returned after the war,only _ that his wifehad left him.Ato be toldBtellingCbeing toldDtold2(2011 山东高考,27)Look over theretheres a very long,winding path _up to the house.AleadingBleadsCledDto lead3(2010 山东高考,23)I have
2、a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.AcompletingBto completeCcompletedDbeing completed4(2010 山东高考,29)The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already_ for a meal to be cooked.AlaidBlayingCto layDbeing laid考向分析考向分析1考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别,要求明确句子的结构和意义,掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。2考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别,要求
3、掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。3考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别,尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。4考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构,要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。热点例析热点例析考点一:谓语与非谓语形式的识别试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现,考查考生是否能瞻前顾后地分清句子成分、理解句子结构、明白句子意义,正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。【典例分析】(2012 浙江高考,8)I think Tom,as the head of a big depar
4、tment,should either study regularly or _ his job.AquitsBto quitCquittingDquit答案为 D 项。该句使用了 either.or.并列结构,either 后面是动词原形 study,or 后面也应该是动词原形 quit,故选择 D 项构成并列谓语。(2012 全国高考,10)Tony lent me the money,_ that Id do as much for him.AhopingBto hopeChopedDhaving hoped答案为 A 项。由于空前没有连词,应排除谓语形式的 C 项,如果用 hoped
5、则应在空前加and;根据空前的逗号可排除 B 项,因为动词不定式作目的状语时其前不加逗号;“希望”并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前,故排除表示完成的 having hoped;由于 Tony 与 hope之间存在主动关系,故选择现在分词 hoping 作状语。考点二:非谓语形式作主语非谓语形式作主语时,形式主语 it 常用来代替不定式短语作主语。如:-2-It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.但在 It is no use/good doing sth.和 It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中,it
6、代替动名词短语作主语。如:Its no use arguing with them.【典例分析】(2012 浙江高考,3)No matter how bright a talker you are,there aretimes when its better _ silent.AremainBbe remainingChaving remainedDto remain答案为 D 项。when 在此处引导定语从句修饰 times,在 when 引导的从句中,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式 to remain silent,表示“有时保持沉默更好”。考点三:非谓语形式作宾语1部分动词(短
7、语)后面只能接不定式作宾语。常见的有:agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like(love)He agreed to lend me his bike.He refused to say sorry to me.2部分动词(短语)后面只能接动名词作宾语。常见的有:avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/
8、suggest/keep(on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be(get)used to/beworth/insist on/look forward to/prefer.to.等。He admitted taking my money.Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?3部分动词(短语)后接不定式和动名词时,含义不同,应注意区分。如:Ill remember to post your letter.我会记住把你的信寄上的。I dont remember saying this to him before
9、.我不记得以前对他说过这件事。如:I forgot to tell him to come.我忘记叫他来了。Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。如:I regret to say that I cant accept your kind offer.很抱歉,我不能接受你那善意的提议。I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔说了心里话。如:You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要试图改进你的教学方法。If no
10、one answers,try knocking at the back door.如果没人答应,试着敲敲后门。-3-如:I meant to send you a postcard,but I didnt have your address with me.我本想寄一张明信片给你,但是我身边没有你的地址。Starting too early means wasting your time.出发太早就是浪费时间。如:Lets stop to buy something to eat here.咱们在这里停停买些吃的吧。Lets stop working and have a rest.咱们停下
11、手里的活,歇一会儿。如:After reading the text,he went on to write the new words.读完课文之后,他接着写生词。He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接着给我们讲故事。如:I want to join the army.我想参军。The road needs rebuilding.这条路修需要重新修建。如:I cant help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能帮忙搬箱子,因为我胳膊疼。They couldnt h
12、elp laughing when they saw him.他们看到他,忍不住大笑起来。如:I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建议开一个会来讨论这件事情。He often advises people to use their brains.他常常劝人动动脑子。【典例分析】(2012 安徽高考,24)I remembered _ the door before I left theoffice,but forgot to turn off the lights.AlockingBto lockChaving lockedDt
13、o have locked答案为 B 项。remember to do sth.意为“记着要做某事”,remember doing sth.意为“记着做过某事”。“在离开办公室前就把门锁上”显然不合逻辑,所以应选不定式作宾语。句意:我在离开办公室以前,记着了要锁门,但是忘了要关灯。(2012 北京高考,23)One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.AcorrectsBcorrect-4-Cto correctDcorrecting答案为 D 项。在介词 by 后面,and 前后连接两个并列宾语,根据 making 可知此处选cor
14、recting。句意:一个人在犯错和纠错中学会一种语言。考点四:非谓语形式作定语1时间关系不同:不定式作定语通常表示一个未发生的动作;现在分词作定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态;过去分词作定语多表已完成的动作,或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动)。如:I have a lot of work to do.The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.This is a play written by Shakespeare.2逻辑关系不同:不定式所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语,也可能是它的逻辑宾语;现在分词作定语时,它所修饰
15、的词一定是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作定语所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。如:He is the first to get here.He is the man to depend on.He is the very person looking for you.A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.3不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,不要遗漏必要的介词。如:He found a good house to live in.【典例分析】(2012 浙江高考,11)“Its such
16、 a nice place,”Mother said as shesat at the table_ for customers.Ato be reservedBhaving reservedCreservingDreserved答案为 D 项。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语形式修饰 table,“桌子”是“被预订或保留”的,所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。考点五:非谓语形式作状语1不定式作状语:(1)表示目的,直接用不定式或 so as to/in order to。如:He worked day and night to get the money.(2)表示结果,更常见于 so.as t
17、o,such.as to,enough to,too.to 结构中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。如:I visited him only to find him out.(3)表示原因,用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面,说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如:They were very sad to hear the news.2现在分词作状语:现在分词作状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作,即分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语。作原因状语时,通常放在句首;作结果状语时,通常放在句子后面,表示
18、自然而然的结果。如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.He fired his gun,killing the wolf.All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.3过去分词作状语:过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语和伴随状语。如:Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.Given better attention,the cabbages could have
19、grown better.【典例分析】(2012 辽宁高考,29)This machine is very easy _.Anybody can learnto use it in a few minutes.AoperatingBto be operating-5-CoperatedDto operate答案为 D 项。句意:这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就会学会使用。该题应选不定式作表语形容词的状语,说明在哪一方面存在这个形容词表示的情况或产生这种情绪的原因。(2012 北京高考,27)_ with care,one tin will last for six weeks.AUseBUs
20、ingCUsedDTo use答案为 C 项。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语,且与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故选 C 项。句意:如果用得仔细的话,一罐可以用六周。(2012 天津高考,11)He got up late and hurried to his office,_ the breakfastuntouched.AleftBto leaveCleavingDhaving left答案为 C 项。句意:他起床晚了,匆忙赶往办公室,早餐一动没动。现在分词短语在此处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。(2012 四川高考,6)Tom took a taxi to the airpo
21、rt,only_his plane high up inthe sky.AfindingBto findCbeing foundDto have found答案为 B 项。only 后接不定式表示意想不到的结果,所以应选 B 项作结果状语。to havefound 表示动作发生在主句谓语 took 之前,时间上有误。句意:汤姆乘出租车去了飞机场,却发现飞机已经飞在高空了。考点六:非谓语形式作补语1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish 等动词后面常用不
22、定式作补语。如:Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warned us not to go out at night.2make/let/have 等使役动词后面用不带 to 的不定式作补语,但在被动句中则使用带to 的不定式。如:They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官动词后面可用不带 to 的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看,不定式表示
23、发生或完成;现在分词强调正在进行;过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看,不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系;过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如:I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿过了大街。I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿过大街。I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群学生围着他。4介词 with 和 without 后面可接复合宾语。不定式作补语常表示将来;现在分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是主动关系或正在进行;过去分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是被动关系或已经完成。如
24、:I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.【典例分析】(2012 四川高考,8)I looked up and noticed a snake_its way upthe tree to catch its breakfast.Ato windBwindCwindingDwound答案为 C 项。句意:我抬起头来,注意到一条蛇为了捉到它的早餐,正盘旋着往树上爬。在感官动词 noticed 后面,宾语 a snake 和 wind 为主动关系,所以应选
25、现在分词形式作补语,表示主动、进行。(2012 辽宁高考,25)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park withtheir pet dog _ them.-6-Ato followBfollowingCfollowedDfollows答案为 B 项。句意:这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后去公园散步,后面跟着他们的宠物狗。此处是 with 的复合结构,可排除 D 项;由于宾语 dog 与 follow 之间为逻辑上的主动关系,可排除 C 项;不定式一般表示将来,可排除 A 项;答案为 B 项,现在分词形式作补语。考点七:非谓语动词
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