广东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题三 阅读理解.doc

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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语广东版年高考第二轮复习英语广东版 题型技法指导题型技法指导专题三专题三阅读理解阅读理解真题试做真题试做A A（2012广东高考）“Have a nice day！”may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.Whenmy friend Maxie says“Have a nice day”with a smile，I know she sincerely cares aboutwhat happens to me.I feel loved and secure since another

2、 person cares about me andwishes me well.“Have a nice day.Next！”This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirlat the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words comeout in the same tone（腔 调）with a fixed procedure.They_are_spoken_at_me，not_to_me.Obviously，the concer

3、n for my day and everyone elses is the managementsattempt to increase business.The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with eachother.Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting.As soon as you hear it，you knowthe meeting is at an end.Sometimes the expression saves us when

4、 we dont know whatto say.“Oh，you just had a tooth out？Im terribly sorry，but have a nice day.”The expression can be pleasant.If a stranger says“Have a nice day”to you，you may find it heartwarming because someone you dont know has tried to be niceto you.Although the use of the expression is an insince

5、re，meaningless social customat times，there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a littleuninteresting.The salesgirl，the waitress，the teacher，and all the countless otherswho speak it without thinking may not really care about my day.But in a strange andcomfortable way，its nice to know

6、 they care enough to pretend they care when theyreally dont care all that much.While the expression may not often be sincere，itis always spoken.The point is that people say it all the time when they like.1How does the author understand Maxies words?AMaxie shows her anxiety to the author.BMaxie reall

7、y wishes the author a good day.CMaxie encourages the author to stay happy.DMaxie really worries about the authors security.2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?AThe salesgril is rude.BThe salesgril is bored.CThe salesgirl cares about me.DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.3B

8、y saying“Have a nice day，”a stranger may _.Atry to be polite to youBexpress respect to youCgive his blessing to youDshare his pleasure with you4According to the last paragraph，people say“Have a nice day”_.AsincerelyBas thanksCas a habit-2-Dencouragingly5What is the best title of the passage?AHave a

9、Nice Day a Social CustomBHave a Nice Day a Pleasant GestureCHave a Nice Day a Heartwarming GreetingDHave a Nice Day a Polite Ending of a ConversationB BI have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.As a doctor，motherand scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to reco

10、mmend it，fromthe babys point of view.Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar levellies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a babyeasily annoyed.In this state，the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep isimpossible.The baby as

11、ks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedulewill make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatchingschedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night

12、.Ive neverheard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by themum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause someinconvenience in the first few weeks.Well，at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding andpoints out the w

13、eaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babieswho are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14，than babies fed accordingto the clock.By the age of 8，their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higherthan babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research comes from O

14、xford and EssexUniversity using a sample(样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s，takingaccount of parental education，family income，a childs sex and age，the mothershealth and feeding style.These results dont surprise me.Feeding according toschedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing b

15、rain by taking no account ofsinking blood sugar levels.I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feedingpractices.6According to Paragraph 2，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _.AsickBupsetCsleepyDhungry7What does the author think about Dr King?AHe is strict.BHe

16、 is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea.DHe sets a timetable for mothers.8The wordcopperbottomedin Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.AbasicBreliableCsurprisingDinteresting9What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?AThe baby will sleep well.BThe baby will have its brain harmed.CThe

17、 baby will have a low blood sugar level.DThe baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.10The author supports feeding the baby _.Ain the nightBevery four hoursCwhenever it wants food-3-Daccording to its blood sugar levelC CI was blind，but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused to use a whites

18、tick and hated asking for help.After all，I was a teenage girl，and I couldnt bearpeople to look at me and think I was not like them.I must have been a terrible dangeron the roads.Coming across me wandering through the traffic，motorists probably wouldhave to step rapidly on their brakes.Apart from tha

19、t，there were all sorts of disastersthat used to occur on the way to and from work.One evening，I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses，and as usual I ran into something.“Im awfully sorry，”I said and stepped forwardonly to run into it again.When it happened a third time，I real

20、ized I had beenapologizing to a lamppost.This was just one of the stupid things that constantlyhappened to me.So I carried on and found the bus stop，which was a request stop，where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off.No one elsewas there and I had to try to guess if the bus

21、 had arrived.Generally in this situation，because I hated showing I was blind by asking forhelp，I tried to guess at the sound.Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand therefeeling stupid as it drew away.In the end，I usually managed to swallow my pride andask someone at the stop for help.But on th

22、is particular evening no one joined me at the stop；it seemed that everyonehad suddenly decided not to travel by bus.Of course I heard plenty of buses pass，or I thought I did.But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a foolof myself，I let them all go by.I stood there alone for half

23、an hour without stoppingone.Then I gave up.I decided to walk on to the next stop.11The girl refused to ask for help because she thought _.Ashe might be recognizedBasking for help looked sillyCshe was normal and independentDbeing found blind was embarrassing12After the girl got off the bus that eveni

24、ng，she_.Abegan to runBhit a person as usualChit a lamppost by accidentDwas caught by something13At the request stop that evening，the girl _.Astopped a big lorryBstopped the wrong busCmade no attempt to stop the busDwas not noticed by other people14What was the problem with guessing at the sound to s

25、top a bus?AOther vehicles also stopped there.BIt was unreliable for making judgments.CMore lorries than buses responded to the girl.DIt took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.15Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop，hoping _.Ato find people thereBto find more buses thereCto find

26、 the bus by herself thereDto find people more helpful thereD DSaturday and Sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general-4-television viewing.Sport events are the most popular weekend programs，especiallyamong male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during th

27、eweek.This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time atrelatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might taketheir advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did

28、not report certainsports.The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize thatsports attract male viewers.They also realize that most business travelers are menand that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers，cars and lifeinsurance.Golf and tennis are spec

29、ial cases for television programming.These sports attractfew viewers，and the ratings（收视率）are unusually low.However，the audience forthese sports is attractive to certain advertisers.It is made up of people from thehighest income groups in the United States，including many lawyers and businessmanagers.

30、This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companiesselling highpriced cars，business and personal computers，and holiday trips.Thisis also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of lowratings.Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach highincome c

31、onsumers andthosemanagerswhomakedecisionstobuythousandsof“companycars”andcomputers.With such viewers，these programs dont need high ratings to stay on theair.16Television sport programs on weekend afternoons _.Aresult in more sport eventsBget more viewers to play sportsCmake more people interested in

32、 televisionDbring more money to the television networks17Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?ABecause there would be few viewers.BBecause the advertisers would be off work.CBecause television programs would go slowly.DBecause viewers would pay less for watching telev

33、ision.18In many families，men make decisions on _.Aholiday tripsBsports viewingCtelevision shoppingDexpensive purchases19The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because _.Atheir advertisers are carmakersBtheir viewers are attracted by sportsCtheir advertisers target at rich peopleD

34、their viewers can afford expensive cars20What is the passage mainly about?ATelevision ratings are determined by male viewers.BRich viewers contribute most to television companies.CSports are gaining importance in advertising on television.DCommercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport event

35、s.考向分析考向分析一、分析近几年高考阅读理解题可知其呈现如下特点：1体裁多样，题材广泛短文基本都会包含记叙文、议论文和说明文。因此本书也会引导考生弄清各种体裁的特点，掌握其阅读方法。同时，近几年的高考阅读涉及了广泛的题材，如社会生活、学校生活、环境问题、个人经历和情感、科学等。2词汇量大，阅读比例加大-5-近几年高考阅读理解词数一般在 300400 词之间，词汇量大，且从 2011 年起广东省阅读理解题由原来的 3 篇增加到 4 篇。短文长度基本不变，但整体阅读量明显增加。二、考点及考纲要求：英语考试大纲规定：要求考生能读懂公告、说明、广告及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。具体包括以

36、下 6 点：1理解主旨和要义；2理解文中具体信息；3根据上下文推断生词的词义；4作出简单判断和推理；5理解文章的基本结构；6理解作者的意图、观点和态度。特别提示：（1）在历年高考中，要求考生“理解文中具体信息”，即细节理解题所占比例最大。（2）以上 1、2、3、4、6 五项考纲要求在试题中的具体体现，我们在本书中分别称为主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题和推理判断题。答题步骤答题步骤一、掌握三种有效的阅读方法1略读（skimming）：即快速浏览文章的标题，首段或尾段，每段的首尾句以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语等重要部分，达到了解文章大意或中心思想的目的。2寻读（scanning）：即带着问题

37、或者关键词进行快速阅读，以最快速度寻找所需信息。3细读（careful reading）：即在略读和寻读之后，考生能基本了解文章大意和相关信息范围，这时在相关范围内逐字逐句地仔细阅读，并通过分析、综合、比较、联想等方法，结合相关常识或经验进行推理判断。二、由于个人情况不一样，解题的顺序也会有所差异，有人喜欢先看题再阅读，有人喜欢先阅读再看题。以下推荐 5 个步骤：1略读文章，了解文章大意及各段大意；2阅读题干及各选项，了解考查的内容；3带着问题或关键词用寻读法到文中找到相关句、段；4细读相关句、段进行推理判断，得出答案；5复读检查，验证答案，尤其对把握不大的题目。规律方法规律方法一、细节理解题

38、1细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：（1）Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?（2）Which of the following（sentences/statements）is NOT true according to thepassage?（3）According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but _.（4）The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT _.（5）In t

39、he passage，the author states that _.（6）According to the passage，when（where，why，how，who，etc.）.（7）Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.（8）Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.?（9）Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what.is like?2解题方法细节理解题设题时为了避

40、免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常用一些同义词，近义词或反义词（双重否定）。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。（1）设题之顺序原则：一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。（2）了解干扰项设置，主要有以下 5 种设置：-6-正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求的信息。偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。（3）具体的解题步骤首先，迅速定位，缩小范围：通过寻读法（scanning），用题干中的关键词在文中

41、搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。题干中可用来在文中搜索的关键词可能是专有名词、数词、实体名词，以及这些词的同义表达等。其次，理解其意，对照选项：在找到关键词句后，要仔细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。最后，排除干扰，选出答案。在作出选择的过程中，要善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案，这就是我们常说的排除法。（4）特别提示留意否定词，如果题干中含有否定意义的词，如 NOT，EXCEPT 等，应特别留心。巧解排序题。采用“首尾定位法”，即先找到第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小范围以便能迅速选出正确答案。3真题演练【例题】（2012全国高考

42、，C 篇）Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.For example，in American culture（文化）the smile is in general anexpression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A womans smile at a police officerdoes not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A sm

43、ile mayshow love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion（困惑）across cultures.For example，many people in Russia consider smiling atstrangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freelyat strangers in public places（although this is less commo

44、n in big cities）.SomeRussians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places；some Americans believethat Russians dont smile enough.In Southeast Asian cultures，a smile is frequentlyused to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end thestory with a smile.49What does the sm

45、ile usually mean in the U.S.?ALove.BPoliteness.CJoy.DThankfulness.解题指导：解题指导：细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，在美国文化中，微笑通常是一种高兴的表示。由此可知，在美国微笑通常意味着高兴。故选 C 项。答案：答案：C二、主旨大意题文章都有主旨大意，迅速抓住文章或段落的主旨大意极其重要。主旨大意题包括两种：主题类试题和标题类试题。第一类：主题类试题1常见的设问方式（1）The main idea/（central idea）of the passage is _.（2）The passage is mainly about

46、_.（3）The passage mainly discusses _.（4）The passage is concerned primarily about _.（5）Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main ideaof the passage?（6）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?（7）What is the passage mainly about?-7-2解题方法找到

47、主题句是解题的关键，通过略读法搜寻各段主题句。主题句一般在文首、文末或首尾呼应；有时在文中；也有可能没有主题句。需要根据所述内容进行归纳，寻找主题句应注意以下四点：作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨大意。反复出现的词语一般是体现主旨的关键词。段落中出现转折时，该句极可能是主题句。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能是主旨大意。以下文字提示，如 therefore，but，however，thus，in fact，in short 等之后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。当然，具体选择时要仔细推敲各个选项，排除错误选项，从而选出最佳答案。错误选项具有以下特点：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致不

48、能全面概括文章大意）；过度概括（多表现为标题概括内容超出了文章大意）；以事实、细节替代抽象、具体的大意。3真题演练【例 1】（2012 浙江高考，C 篇）Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even thoughneither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen overand over in high schools across the country.In fact，accordi

49、ng to an official reporton youth violence，“In our country today，the greatest threat to the lives of childrenand adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible realityof violence”.Given that this is the case，why arent students taught to manageconflict the way they are taught

50、 to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physicallyfit?50This article is mainly about _.Athe lives of school childrenBthe cause of arguments in schoolsChow to analyze youth violenceDhow to deal with school conflicts解题指导：解题指导：主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要论述的是如何解决校园里发生的矛盾和冲突的问题。答案：答案：D【例 2】（2012 全国新课标，D 篇）Gro