高考英语语法总复习：三类宾语从句详解.doc

《高考英语语法总复习：三类宾语从句详解.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法总复习：三类宾语从句详解.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高考英语语法总复习：三类宾语从句详解在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。一、不同连接词引导的宾语从句宾语从句的连接词主要有：that，if/whether，wh-类词。1）that引导的宾语从句That引导宾语从句时无词义，不作任何成分，口语中一般可以省略。例句：I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。例句：He said (that) he could finish his design before supper.他说他会

2、在晚饭前完成设计。2）if/whether引导的宾语从句If/whether引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义“是否”。If/whether不能省略。例句：Nobody knows if/whether he likes Mary or not.没人知道他是否喜欢玛丽。例句：He hasn't decided if/whether he'll go abroad for further study.他还没决定是否出国深造。一般情况下，if/whether引导宾语从句时可以互换，但介词后不能用if引导宾语从句，另外不定式前一般不用if引导。例

3、句：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤害了她的感情。例句：I am just wondering whether to help him or let him do it by himself.我正在考虑是帮他还是让他自己做。3）wh-类词引导的宾语从句Wh-类词包括连接代词who，whom，what，which，whoever，whichever等和连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。例句：Miller urges job seekers to o

4、pen their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing.米勒敦促求职者开拓思路，去发现他们现在所做工作之外的可能性。例句：The police asked me how the accident happened.警察问我事故是如何发生的。例句：He didn't tell me when he would come back.他没告诉我他什么时候再回来。例句：Do you know who has won the champion in the ma

5、rathon this year ?你知道今年的马拉松比赛谁拿了冠军吗？例句：Could you please show me how you use the new equipment ?你能否给我展示一下你如何使用这台新设备？例句：None of us knows where these new accessories can be bought.我们没人知道这些新零件在哪里可以买到。二、动词、介词、形容词后的宾语从句1）动词后的宾语从句 大多数动词可以带宾语从句例句：Like most people,I've long understood that

6、 I will be judged by my occupation,that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.像大部分人一样，我早就明白人们会通过我从事的工作来判断我，人们通过从事的工作来判断我有多么聪明，多么智慧。例句：He told me that he would go to the college next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。 有些“动词+副词”结构后可跟宾语从句有些“动词+副词”结构如figure out，work out

7、，find out，point out等后可跟宾语从句。例句：Scientists point out that the globe is getting warmer and warmer.科学家指出地球正在逐渐变暖。例句：Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem ?你能理解诗人在这首诗中真实用意吗？ 动词短语也可带宾语从句例句：Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed.睡觉前必须确认所有的等都关了。例句：We shoul

8、d keep in mind that success will mainly depend on our own hard work.我们应该牢记，成功主要依靠我们自己的努力工作。注意！动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。例句：I think it necessary that we take regular exercise every day.我认为每天坚持有规律的锻炼是有必要的。例句：I'

9、;ve made it a rule that I keep diaries every day.我规定自己每天都要写日记。动词hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“痛恨，喜欢，认为”的词或短语和see to“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。例句：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。例句：Please see to it that the door is sa

10、fely locked before you go.请在走之前确保门都锁好了。2）介词后的宾语从句介词后一般常用wh-类词引导宾语从句。例句：She is always thinking of how she can do more for her children.她总想着如何才能为孩子做得更多。例句：We are thinking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。用that引导的从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it替代，然后将that从句放在最后。例句：You may d

11、epend on it that we will overcome the difficulty.请你相信我们会战胜困难的。3）形容词后的宾语从句常可接宾语从句的形容词有sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied，sorry等表示“情感”等的形容词。例句：We are pleased that we have won the game once again.再次赢得了比赛，我们都很高兴。例句：I am sure that they will make it in spite of the t

12、errible weather.我确信不管天气多么糟糕，他们会取得成功的。例句：I'm extremely sorry that I have lost your English book.我真是抱歉把你的英语书给弄丢了。三、宾语从句的注意事项1）宾语从句中需用陈述句语序例句：I am wondering if you could lend your computer to me.不知你能否把电脑借我用一下？例句：He asked me when the basketball match would begin the next day.他问我第二天的篮球

13、比赛什么时候开始。2）宾语从句的时态宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句时态的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态保持一致。一般要遵循以下原则： 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。所以，宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况而定。例句：She says(that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）例句：She says(that) she will sell the old books back to the school bookstore.她

14、说她要把旧书卖给学校的书店。（从句是一般将来时）例句：She says(that) she has never seen the sea.她说她从来没有见过大海。（从句是现在完成时） 主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。例句：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时）例句：He said that he was going to buy some new furniture.他说他打算去买

15、一些新家具。（从句是过去将来时）例句：He said that they were having a class at that time.他说他们那时正在上课。（从句是过去进行时） 当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。例句：The teacher told us that noting is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。例句：She said that her brother is five years old

16、er than her.她说他哥哥比她大五岁。例句：He said that earth travels around the sun.他说地球围绕太阳转。3）宾语从句的否定转移主句谓语动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等，且主句的主语是第一人称和一般现在时时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例句：I don't think it's right to bad-mouth other people.（常用）=I think it i

17、s not right to bad-mouth other people.（不常用）我认为说别人坏话是不对的。例句：I don't suppose that's his fault,is it ?我认为那不是他的错，是不是？4）宾语从句中引导词that不可省略的情况 that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时例句：I think,first of all,that we must believe in ourselves.我认为，尤其重要的是，我们必须对自己有信心。例句：He said,in his opinion,that playing video game not on

18、ly wasted much time,but is also harmful to health.他说，在他看来，打电子游戏不仅浪费时间还有害健康。 宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时例句：He said that if he came back early,he could some for the discussion.他说，如果早回来的话，他会来参加讨论会的。例句：Mary said that,as she was not well,she might not attend the mid-term exam.玛丽说，因为身体不好，她可能不参加这次期中考试了。

19、 当it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时例句：We have made it clear that our destination is to learn knowledge.我们已经表明，我们的目的是学知识。例句：I took it for granted that my parents would allow me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.我想当然的以为父母会允许我完成作业后出去走走。 当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that（this）时，

20、常不可省略例句：Professor Wang told me that that was why he was not a little tired.王教授告诉我那就是为什么他非常疲劳的原因。例句：He said that this was not his computer,but his sister's.他说这不是他的电脑，而是他姐姐的。 宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略例句：I think (that)it will clear up tomorrow and that they will g

21、o out for a picnic.我认为明天会是晴天，他们会出去野餐。 当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时例句：I know why Tom got the highest scores in the exam and that his parents wanted to send him abroad for further study.我知道汤姆为什么在这次考试中拿到最高分，并且知道他的父母想把他送到国外深造。例句：I'm sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.我非常清楚他住在什么地方，而且知道他生活得很幸福。 that引导的宾语从句位于句首时例句：That she didn't go home last night I simply don't believe.我只是不相信她昨晚没有回家。例句：That you could complete the project a month earlier I never thought.我完全没想到这工程你们提前一个月完成。