遥感导论幻灯片.ppt
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1、遥感导论遥感导论第1页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三回顾回顾n n什么是反射率?n n什么是地物反射光谱特性,有何作用?n n遥感平台的种类?n n星下点、升交点、降交点的概念?n n太阳同步轨道和地球同步轨道的概念?第2页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三二、陆地卫星系列二、陆地卫星系列第3页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三CharacteristicLaunched byLaunched byDate of launchDate of launchDate of Date of terminationterminationAltitudeAltitudeSensorSensor
2、Recurrent Recurrent periodperiodLANDSAT-1LANDSAT-1NASANASA1972.7.231972.7.231978.1.61978.1.6915km915kmRBV/MSSRBV/MSS18days18daysLANDSAT-2LANDSAT-2NASANASA1975.1.221975.1.221982.2.251982.2.25915km915kmRBV/MSSRBV/MSS18days18daysLANDSAT-3LANDSAT-3NASANASA1978.3.51978.3.51983.3.311983.3.31915km915kmRBV/
3、MSSRBV/MSS18days18daysLANDSAT-4LANDSAT-4NASANASA1982.7.161982.7.162001.6.152001.6.15705km705kmMSS/TMMSS/TM16days16daysLANDSAT-5LANDSAT-5NASANASA1984.3.11984.3.1OperatingOperating*1*1705km705kmMSS/TMMSS/TM16days16daysLANDSAT-6LANDSAT-6NASANASA1993.10.51993.10.51993.10.51993.10.5-ETMETM16days16daysLAN
4、DSAT-7LANDSAT-7NASANASA1999.4.151999.4.15OperatingOperating*2*2705km705kmETM+ETM+16days16days*1:ThedatareceptionbyNASDAwasfinishedtoJun30,2001.*2:ThedatareceptionbyNASDAwasfinishedtoNov30,2002.第4页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三n nOverviewOverviewn n LANDSAT-1istheworldfirstearthobservationsatellitelaunchedbytheU
5、nitedLANDSAT-1istheworldfirstearthobservationsatellitelaunchedbytheUnitedStatesStatesin1972in1972andamemorablesatellitewhichhasbeenrecognizedinavailabilitybeingandamemorablesatellitewhichhasbeenrecognizedinavailabilitybeingcapableofobservingtheearthfarfromspace.Itsexcellentobservationabilitybroughta
6、boutcapableofobservingtheearthfarfromspace.Itsexcellentobservationabilitybroughtabouttheimportanceofstate-of-the-artremotesensing.FollowingLANDSAT-1,LANDSAT-2,3,theimportanceofstate-of-the-artremotesensing.FollowingLANDSAT-1,LANDSAT-2,3,4,5and7werelaunched,andcurrentlyLANDSAT-7isoperatedasamainsatel
7、lite.4,5and7werelaunched,andcurrentlyLANDSAT-7isoperatedasamainsatellite.n nLANDSAT-5isequippedwithLANDSAT-5isequippedwithMultispectralScanner(MSS)MultispectralScanner(MSS)andandThematicMapper(TM)ThematicMapper(TM).MSSisanopticalsensortoobservethereflectedsolarradiationfromtheearthsurfaceMSSisanopti
8、calsensortoobservethereflectedsolarradiationfromtheearthsurfaceinfourdifferentspectralbandsbyacombinationoftheopticalsystemandthesensor.infourdifferentspectralbandsbyacombinationoftheopticalsystemandthesensor.TMisamoreadvancedversionofobservationequipmentthanMSS,whichobservesTMisamoreadvancedversion
9、ofobservationequipmentthanMSS,whichobservestheearthssurfacein7spectralbandsrangingfromvisibletothermalinfraredregions.theearthssurfacein7spectralbandsrangingfromvisibletothermalinfraredregions.n nLANDSAT-7isequippedwithLANDSAT-7isequippedwithEnhancedThematicMapperPlus(ETM+)EnhancedThematicMapperPlus
10、(ETM+),the,thesuccessorofTM.TheobservationbandsarebasicallysamesevenbandsasTMandthesuccessorofTM.TheobservationbandsarebasicallysamesevenbandsasTMandthenewlyaddednewlyaddedband8witha15mband8witha15mofhighresolution.ofhighresolution.第5页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三 Wavelength Wavelength Visible:2bandsVisible:2b
11、andsNear-infrared:2bandsNear-infrared:2bandsSpatial Resolution Spatial Resolution 83m83mSwath Width Swath Width 185km185km第6页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三 Wavelength Wavelength Visible:3bandsVisible:3bandsNear-infraredandMiddle-infrared:3bandsNear-infraredandMiddle-infrared:3bandsThermal-infrared:1bandThermal-
12、infrared:1bandSpatial Resolution Spatial Resolution Visible,Near-infraredandMiddle-infrared:30mVisible,Near-infraredandMiddle-infrared:30mThermal-infrared:120mThermal-infrared:120mSwath Width Swath Width About180kmAbout180km第7页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三OverviewOverview TheETM+isanimprovedversionoftheLandsat
13、4/5ThematicMapperTheETM+isanimprovedversionoftheLandsat4/5ThematicMapper(TM)payloads,butstillprovidesdatacontinuitywithallpriorLandsat(TM)payloads,butstillprovidesdatacontinuitywithallpriorLandsatmissions.Improvementsintheinstrumentincludeincreasedspatialmissions.Improvementsintheinstrumentincludein
14、creasedspatialresolutionofthethermalIRband(Band6),improvementoftheresolutionofthethermalIRband(Band6),improvementoftheradiometriccalibrationequipment,andtheadditionofapanchromaticradiometriccalibrationequipment,andtheadditionofapanchromaticband(Band8).BelowisasimplifieddiagramoftheETM+.band(Band8).B
15、elowisasimplifieddiagramoftheETM+.第8页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三CharacteristicBandBandwavelength bandwavelength bandResolutionResolution1 10.45-0.520.45-0.52m mm m 30m30m2 20.52-0.600.52-0.60m mm m 30m30m3 30.63-0.690.63-0.69m mm m 30m30m4 40.76-0.900.76-0.90m mm m 30m30m5 51.55-1.751.55-1.75m mm m 30m30m6 6
16、10.4-12.510.4-12.5m mm m 60m60m7 72.08-2.352.08-2.35m mm m 30m30m8 80.50-0.900.50-0.90m mm m 15m15m第9页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三n nOrbits of Earth Observation SatellitesOrbits of Earth Observation SatellitesThe orbit is the path taken by the artificial satellites including earth The orbit is the path taken
17、by the artificial satellites including earth observation satellites when they fly around the earth.There are observation satellites when they fly around the earth.There are several types of orbits,and the orbit is selected depending on several types of orbits,and the orbit is selected depending on p
18、urposes of the satellites.Earth observation satellites have a major purposes of the satellites.Earth observation satellites have a major mission to observe the entire earth,so they circle the most suitable mission to observe the entire earth,so they circle the most suitable Sun-synchronous sub-recur
19、rent orbit.Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit.n nSun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit is a combination of sun-Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit is a combination of sun-synchronous orbit and sub-recurrent orbit.synchronous orbi
20、t and sub-recurrent orbit.第10页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三With sun-synchronous orbitWith sun-synchronous orbit Withsun-synchronousorbit,Withsun-synchronousorbit,positioningbetweenthesatellitepositioningbetweenthesatelliteandthesunisalwaysthesame,andthesunisalwaysthesame,whichmeanstheareathewhichmeanstheareath
21、esatellitefliesoveralwaysgetssatellitefliesoveralwaysgetssamesunlightangle.Withthissamesunlightangle.Withthisorbit,theincidenceangleorbit,theincidenceangle(入射角)(入射角)ofsunlighttothelandsurfaceisofsunlighttothelandsurfaceisalwaysthesame,anditallowsalwaysthesame,anditallowstoobserveradiationandtoobserv
22、eradiationandreflectionfromthelandsurfacereflectionfromthelandsurfaceaccurately.accurately.A sub-recurrent orbitA sub-recurrent orbitAsub-recurrentorbitmeansAsub-recurrentorbitmeansthatafteracertainnumberofthatafteracertainnumberofdays,thesatelliterepeatsitsdays,thesatelliterepeatsitsoriginalorbit.T
23、hisorbitoriginalorbit.Thisorbitenablesthesatellitetoobserveenablesthesatellitetoobservethesameareaatregularthesameareaatregularintervals.intervals.第11页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三Sun-synchronousorbitSun-synchronousorbitSub-recurrentorbitSub-recurrentorbit第12页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三Sun Synchronous Orbit of Landsat
24、7Sun Elevation Angle第13页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三Satellites and obits第14页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三第15页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三二、陆地卫星系列-SPOT卫星卫星第16页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 SPOT 5 SPOT 4 卫星运行服务中断发射日或重新开始服务日 SPOT 1 SPOT 2SPOT 3 第17页,共48页,编辑于2022年,星期三Over
25、viewTheFrenchearthobservationsatellitesSPOT-1,2,3and4werelaunchedintoasun-synchronoussub-recurrentorbitatanaltitudeofabout822kmin1986,1990,1993and1998respectively.SPOTcanobservenotonlytheearthssurfacejustunderneaththesatellitebutalsoslantwisetothesatellitespathbychangingthescandirectionofthesensors.
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