中考英语语法总复习：主动语态与被动语态的转化.doc

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1、中考英语语法总复习：主动语态与被动语态的转化主动语态中几乎所有时态都适用被动语态。被动语态常用的基本句型总结如下：（一）“主语+谓语+宾语”结构的被动语态“主语+谓语+宾语”结构在变为被动结构时，原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，原来的主语在被动句中由by引出。（二）“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的被动语态“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构变为被动时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语作为被动句的主语。这个结构的转换分为两种：一种可以转化为to型的结构，一种可以转化为for型的结构。（三）“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的被动语态“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构转变为被动形式时应将主

2、动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例句：We made White leader of the team.Mr. White was made leader of the team.怀特先生被选为组长。例句：We asked Jenny to sing another song.Jenny was asked to sing another song.我们要求詹妮再唱一首歌。例句：I find this story very interesting.This story is found very interesting.我们发现这个故事很有趣。不带to的不定

3、式作宾语补足语在变为被动时要加上to。例句：You don't have to make Peter work hard.Peter doesn't have to be made to work hard.没有必要逼彼得努力学习。（四）短语动词的被动语态有些短语动词是及物动词，可以转换为被动语态。主要有以下三种情况：1）“及物动词+副词”型“及物动词+副词”型的短语动词如pick up，work out，find out，carry out等在变成被动时，可直接把宾语变成主语，然后把短语动词变成被动形式即可。例句：We worked out a practical

4、plan.A practical plan was worked out.已制定出一个切实可行的计划。例句：We carried out her instructions to the letter.Her instructions were carried out to the letter.我们不折不扣地执行了她的指示。2）“不及物动词+介词”型“不及物动词+介词”型的短语动词如look at，look after，move into，break into，look into等并非都有被动形式，look into只有作“调查”讲时，才可有被动。例句：He looked

5、after the children well.The children were well looked after.孩子们被照顾得很好。例句：The police have looked into this accident.This accident has been looked into.这起事故已经被调查。3）“动词+副词+介词”或“动词+名词+介词”型这样的短语大多都能变为被动形式，如look down upon轻视，do away with废除，弄死，take care of关心，照顾，make use of利用，make efforts over

6、努力，play a part in起作用，pay attention to注意等。有时可把“动词+名词+介词”短语动词中的名词变为被动语态的主语。例句：I can't put up with such big noise.Such big noise can't be put up with.这么大的噪音不能容忍。例句：We should make good use of every minute.Every minute should be made good use of.或The good use of every minute should 

7、;be made.每一分钟都应好好地利用。（五）含有宾语从句的主动句的被动语态含有宾语从句的主动句在变为被动语态时，常用形式主语it替代被动句的主语，变为“It be+过去分词+原来的宾语从句”结构，有的还可变为“sb./sth. Be+过去分词+to do结构”。例句：They say Marry is a kind but strict teacher.It is said that Mary is a kind but strict teacher.Mary is said to be a kind but strict teacher.据说玛丽是一个和蔼但很严格的老师。例句：

8、People believe that Jim never tells lies.It is believed that Jim never tells lies.Jim is believed never to tell lies.人们相信吉姆不会说谎。（六）祈使句的被动语态祈使句的被动语态结构分为肯定形式的被动语态和否定形式的被动语态两种。肯定祈使句的被动结构为“Let+宾语+be+过去分词”；否定祈使句的被动结构为“Don't+let+宾语+be+过去分词”或“Let+宾语+not be+过去分词”。例句：Keep the book where it is.Let th

9、e book be kept where it is.把书留在现在的地方。例句：Weigh the luggage right here.Let the luggage be weighed right here.就在这里称这些行李。例句：Don't release the news.Don't let the news be released./Let the news not be released.不要泄露消息。例句：Don't put the grill pan here.Don&#

10、39;t let the grill pan be put here./Let the grill pan not be put here.不要把烤盘放在这里。（七）双重被动结构当某一人或物成为两次动作的施动对象时，要用双重被动结构。例句：Teachers often require their students to do too much homework.The students are often required to do too much homework.Too much homework

11、 is often required to be done by the students.老师们经常让学生做太多的作业。（双重被动结构，homework接受了两次被动：被要求、被做。）例句：The commander ordered the soldier to bomb the bridge.The soldier was ordered to bomb the bridge.The bridge was ordered to be bombed.指挥官命令炸掉这座桥。（双重被动结构，the bridge接受了两次被动：被命令、被炸掉）