高中英语时态归纳.doc

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1、优质文本一般现在时根本结构：be动词；行为动词否认形式： am is are not；此时态的谓语动词假设为行为动词，那么在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，那么用doesnt，同时复原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词 do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，那么用does，同时，复原行为动词。1 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：Th

2、e earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。3 表示格言或警句。例如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I pu

3、t the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。一般过去时根本结构：be动词；行为动词否认形式： waswere not；在行为动词前加didnt，同时复原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放在句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时复原行为动词。1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last wee

4、k, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚刚你上哪儿去了？2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。3句型：It is time for s

5、b. to do sth 到时间了 该了。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would had rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事。例如：Id rather youcame tomorrow.还是明天来吧。4 wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I th

6、ought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.含义：她已不在人间。Christine has been an invalid all her life.含义：她现在还活着Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1动词want, h

7、ope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。2情态动词 could, would。例如：Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？ used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。b

8、e used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。将来时根本结构：amisaregoing to

9、do；willshalldo否认形式：amisare notgoing to do； willshallnotdo一般疑问句：be放于句首； willshall提到句首1 shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？2 be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going t

10、o do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 方案，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3 be +不定式表将来，按方案或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4 be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：He is abou

11、t to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be goin

12、g to 表示主观的打算或方案。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。客观安排Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。主观安排 1以下动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It

13、stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes 不是will come, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4在动词hope

14、, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave theroom. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。以下动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next wee

15、k? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have has +过去分词。根本结构：havehas done否认形式：havehas notdone一般疑问句：havehas放于句首1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in Oct

16、ober, justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work,study, know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有com

17、e, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。例如：I saw this film yesterday. 强调看的动作发生过了I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了Why did you get up so early? 强调起床的动作已发生过了Who hasnt handed in his paper? 强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争He has been in the League for three years. 在团内的状态可延续He has been a League memb

18、er for three years. 是团员的状态可持续句子中如有过去时的时间副词如yesterday, last, week, in 1960时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。错Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.对Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 1It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句局部，用现在完成时。例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一

19、次访问这城市。This is the first time that Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：This is the best film that Ive ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。1 -Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have bee

20、n C. came D. am coming答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，应选B。2 -Have you _ been to our town before?-No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。注意：非延续性动词的否认形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。错I have rece

21、ived his letter for a month.对I havent received his letter for almost a month.Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years. 我现在已不在这里工作。I h

22、ave worked here for many years.现在我仍在这里工作。注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1对 Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2错 Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still

23、 getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.1 since +过去一个时间点如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six。例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。2 since +一段时间+ ago。例如：I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。3 since +从句

24、。例如：Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。4 It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。 1 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：He has completed the work. 他已完成了那

25、项工作。 表结果Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。表经历2 用于till / until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否认句，表示到，才。例如：He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet答案B. 首先此题后句强调对现在的影响，

26、我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。过去完成时1 概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在2 用法a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

27、例如：She said thatshe had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.那时我

28、们希望你能来，但是你没有来。3 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived

29、 at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大局部客人已经走了。The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left答案D.把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下，when所

30、引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。注意： had hardly when 还没等 就。例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚翻开门，他就打了我。had no soonerthan 刚 就。例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 1 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My

31、aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要假设干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：When I heard the news, I was very excited.3 表达历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.将来完成时1 构成will have done2 概念a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：They will hav

32、e been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了。现在进行时的根本用法：a. 表示现在指说话人说话时正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他

33、在写另一部小说。说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。d. 与always, constantly, forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。My dictionary _, I have looked

34、for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否认式时可用于完成时。 1表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue

35、等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。2表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。3瞬间动词，如accept, re

36、ceive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。4系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。过去完成时1概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。3 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole

37、 morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。1 Mary _ a dres

38、s when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2 As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去

39、进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fellfall的过去时，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时的句型中，表示自从以来有时间的意思，主句一般用it is来代

40、替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago。B. He has been in the League for two years。C. It is two years since he joined the League。D. Two years has passed since he joined the League。二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态，如at work(在工作)， at sc

41、hool(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play。Peter is working, but Mike is playing。三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！请看：The train is leaving soon。The train will leave soon。四、“be going to+动词原形与“will(shall)+动词原形结构的转换“be going to+动词原形、表示打算、方案要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday。We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday