最新推荐中考英语总复习资料总汇(完美版).docx
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1、最新推荐中考英语总复习资料总汇(完美版)最新举荐中考英语总复习资料总汇 (完备版) 一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下: (1)一般状况在词尾加-s,例如:bookbooks,girlgirls,boyboys,penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:busbuses,classclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushes。 (3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange
2、oranges。 (4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要留意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boyboys, daydays。(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoozoos,radioradios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photophotos,pianopianos。(6)以f或fe结尾的
3、词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knifeknives,leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法 情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztF等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives (7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:manmen,womanwomen,toothteeth,footfeet,childchildren,mo
4、usemice。与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:menworkers, women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式
5、,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有: 科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths 嬉戏名称:bowls 专出名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls 2不行数名词“量”的表示方法 在英语中,不行数名词假如要表示“量
6、”的概念,可以用以下两种方法: (1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如: The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass? I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice (2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如: a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
7、 a bottle of orange a glass of water(milk) a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 假如要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如: two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不行数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的全部格 名词全部格,用来表示人或物的全部,以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的全部格其单数形式是加 s
8、,其复数形式是s,例如:a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s,如:Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的全部格要用 s,例如:a twenty minutes walk,ten miles journey,a boats length,two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的全部格则必需用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital
9、of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重全部格,例如:a friend of my fathers。 假如两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,则表示“分别有”,例如:Johns and Marys rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Toms and Marys bikes(两人各自的自行车)。 两个名词并列,只有一个s,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Marys mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。 二、形容词和副词 1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语,
10、表语, 宾语补足语。 例如: Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语) The fish went bad. (作表语) We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语) (2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两
11、个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步说明的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 2. 副词的用法 (1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. (作状语) Life here is full of joy. (作定语) When will you be
12、back? (作表语) 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类: 1)时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如: He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He is never been to Beijing. 2)地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:her
13、e, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如: I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. 3)方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式
14、副词有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如: The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The birds are flying high. He runs ver
15、y fast. 4)程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如: Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. 5)疑问副词是用来引导特别疑问句的副词。常见的疑问
16、副词有:how, when, where, why等。例如: How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? (2)副词在句中的位置 1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。假如动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。例如: Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. 2)频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。例如: He usually gets up early. Ive neve
17、r heard him singing. She is seldom ill. 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如: It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didnt work hard enough. 4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如: On my way home, I met my uncle. The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. (3)部分常
18、用副词的用法 1) very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如: She is a very nice girl Im feeling much better now. Much可以修饰动词,而very则不能。例如: I dont like the idea much. They did not talk much. 2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”,但too用于确定句,either用于否定句。例如: She can dance, and I can dance, too. I
19、 havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 3) already, yet already一般用于语确定句,yet一般用于否定句。例如: He has already left. Have you heard from him yet? He hasnt answered yet. 4) so, neither so和neither都可用于倒装句, 但so表示确定,neither表示否定。 例如: My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesnt like dancing
20、and neither do I. 3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (1) 两个人或事物的比较时(不肯定每一方只有一个人或一个事物),用比较 级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class. (2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 “极,很,特别, 非常“。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危急。 (3) “The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.“表示 “ 越. 就越.“。 The
21、more you study, the more you know. (4) “ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 “, 表示 “ 越来越. “。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in Ch
22、ina. 三、动词 1.动词的时态 英语时态用共有十六种时态,其中常用的有8种,它们是:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 (1)一般现在时的基本用法 1) 常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of Chi
23、na. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 此用法假如出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、实力、性格、特性。 I dont want so much. 5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来确定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间
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