时间和地点状语从句讲解-高三英语一轮复习素材.doc

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1、高考英语语法总复习：时间和地点状语从句讲解<时间状语从句>when、 while、as、before、after、 until、till、since、as soon as、by the time、each time、 every time、 whenever引导的时间状语从句的用法。时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。如:When the weather is good, I like going fishing.当天气好的时候,我喜欢去钓鱼。The sun came out after the storm stopped.暴风雨停止后,大阳出来了。1.when的用法wh

2、en意思是“当时",表示主句动作发生的特定时间。如:The days get longer when spring comes.春天到来时,白天变长了。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是瞬时性的。(1)when意为“当时”、“在之后”,引导间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。When we are crossing the street, we must be careful.我(们)过马路时,一定要小心。Call me when you've finished your homework.你完成你的作业后就打电话给我。(2)when引导的

3、时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动词。He was writing in the classroom when I went in.当我进去教室的时候,他正在写作业。2. while的用法while 引导时间状语从句时常译为“与.同时,在.期间”，强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的。 while引导的从句中的动词常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。如:While my sister was cooking, I was sweeping the floor.( while表示两个动作同时发生)我姐姐在煮饭时,我在扫地。They rushed in while we were d

4、iscussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。While the boys were playing football, it rained.当男孩子们踢足球时,下雨了。注意:在 when和 while引导的从句中,当主句和从句的主语一致,并且从句中有be动词时,可以省略主语和be动词,构成When/ while+-ing结构。如:When( she is) in trouble, she always asks for the teachers help.她遇到困难时总是向老师求助While(am) travelling. I like to buy some s

5、ouvenir.旅游时我喜欢买纪念品。3.as的用法as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当,一边.一边,随着”等意思。(1)表示某事一发生,另一事随即发生As the sun rose the fog disappeared太阳一出来雾就消散了。(2)表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生。I heard the murmur of their voices as I crossed the hall.我走过大厅的时候听到他们在嘀咕什么。(两个动作都是一般时态)(3)表示两个动作同时发生。He smiled as he passed.他路过的时候笑了一下。(两个都是短暂动作)He saw that sh

6、e was smiling as she read.他看到她边看书一边笑。(两个都是延续性动作)4. before的用法before引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,反之则用afterbefore意思是“在之前”、表主句动作发生在从句动作之前。如:Close the windows before you leave the classroom, please.在你离开教室前,请关上窗Did your father leave a message before he went?你父亲走之前留言了吗？after意思是“在之后”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。如:I w

7、ent to school after I finished my breakfast.我吃完早饭后去上学She showed me many beautiful photos after I got to her home.我到她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的照片。5.Until/till用法(1)Until/till引导时间状语从句,主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式表示这一动作或状态一直延续到Until/till所表示的时间为止。Until和till都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首,也不可用于强调句。You may stay at my home until you

8、r mother came back .你可以呆在我家一直待到你妈妈回来。(2)主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的谓语所表示的动作直到 until所表示的间才发生。构成句式not.until.,有时不用not,而用其他如 never, nothing等表示否定的词。He didn't go to bed until he had finished his homework.他直到完成作业才去睡觉。6. since的用法since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如They have been friends since

9、they were at primary school.他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。I have worked for this company since I graduated in 1999.从我1999年毕业到现在,我一直在这家公司上班。注意: Since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬时动词。7.as soon as 的用法as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译为“一.就.”该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。We began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那里就开始工作。As soon as

10、 he arrives, I'll tell him他一到,我就告诉他。8.by the time的用法这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止,主句常用完成时态。By the time you arrived, the film had alreadyended.你到的时候,电影已经结束了。9. each time, ever time, whenever的用法Each time Tim came to China，he would call on me.Tim每次来中国都会来看我。Every time I hear that song I feel happy.我每次听到那首歌都感到很偷快

11、。Whenever she comes, she brings me some seafood.她每次来都带些海鲜给我。注意: whenever可以用 every time替换。<地点状语从句>在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句,可置于句首或句尾。1.用法详解引导地点状语从句的常用词有 where, whereverWherever there are troubles, we'll try to help.凡有困难的地方,我们都会尽力帮助。Let's go where this way will take us.我们就顺着这条路走,走到哪儿就算哪儿。Where

12、 he made mistakes, he admitted these willingly.在什么地方做错了,他都乐于承认这些错误。Put it where I can see it把它放在我能看得见的地方。2.地点状语从句与定语从句间的转化在 where前加上to/in/from the place(s)或to/In/from any place(s)等构成to/in/ from the place(s)where或to/in/from any place(s) where,便可变为定语从句。Just stay where you are and don't move待在你现在待的

13、地方别动。Just stay in the place where you are and don't move待在你现在待的地方别动。(定语从句)You can go anywhere you like你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。You can go to any place where you like.你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。(定语从句)提示:定语从句是用来修饰一个名词的。关系副词 where引导定语从句时,先行词应该是一个表示地点的名词,定语从句用来说明那是一个什么样的地点;而从属连词where引导的地点状语从句则是用来修怖句子的谓语动词的,用来说明那个动作发生的地点。This is the school where I went to ten years ago.这就是我十年前上学的学校。Sit where I can see you坐在我能看到你的地方。