商务英语语言特点及应用研究.docx

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1、Chapter one Introduction1.1 The development of correspondence in tradeBusiness Correspondence is not only often used in international business transactions of the contact, but also an important approach and basic of operating foreign business and related deals. In international trade, negotiations a

2、nd the signing of the contract are mostly carried out by ways of correspondence because business correspondence is a legal document. In linguistics, the process of Empathy mainly refers to the mutual affection between two parties in verbal communication, and the ability to imagine and understand the

3、 intention of the other party【1】. In international trade, business correspondence is a formal conversation with high politeness to some extent, because it involves the communication and interest selection of different cultures in different countries【2】. It is very likely to express negative informat

4、ion such as negotiation, query, refusal, condemnation or claim on a certain term or commodity or quality of service. This requires the correct use of the principles of politeness, for both parties to reserve space, to maintain the relationship【3】.Here are two levels to explain the features of Englis

5、h Business Correspondence. One is the seven principles of language characters, the other is the word characters. Meanwhile, each feature will be validated by practical applications.1.2 Review: The study of correspondenceIn recent years, foreign language community has further strengthened the study o

6、f business English. In 1994, the China International Trade Association established the China International Business English Teaching Research Association. In 2008, the Ministry of Education approved the establishment of a masters degree in business English research. Beginning to enroll doctoral stud

7、ents in the direction of business foreign language research, the Ministry of Education officially listed the business English major in the “Undergraduate Professional Catalogue (2012)”. Despite this, the development of business English in china is still in its infancy. In the period of economic tran

8、sformation that china is now facing, some scholars have begun to explore the application of undergraduate business English majors to adapt to the research direction of chinas development strategy【4】. According to the characteristics and application of business English, the research on the training p

9、rograms, professional curriculum system, teachers and quality control of business English professionals in higher education institutions, rely on the superiority of the mother school, based on the social and economic development environment of the region, and formulating their own development the tr

10、aining program is to expert high-quality talents for the country.1.3 The development status of business English Modern business English should also cover the English application of Chinese people in various fields and all levels of foreign exchange activities. It is composed of business background k

11、nowledge, language used in business background and business communication. The three elements of skill are composed. Business English currently has the following problems in the teaching status of colleges and universities in China:(1) The textbook is out of touch with reality. Business English, as

12、a special-purpose English, is closely integrated with business activities. This feature requires that business English teaching content should be constantly updated. At present, the rapidly developing global economy continues to inject new content into business English. However, this rapid change ha

13、s led to the inability to update business English textbooks in a timely manner, unable to keep up with the pace of todays business development, and to derail students and society.(2) The lack of business English teaching teachers. In terms of teachers, the vast majority of teachers engaged in busine

14、ss English teaching do not have a background in business English, and they do not understand the real business working environment. Business English has not developed into a single independent discipline, but has been combined with other professions to become a branch of language teaching in other p

15、ractical professions. Business English teaching has high requirements for teaching talents. In addition to mastering language to engage in business activities, it is necessary to acquire economic and management knowledge.(3) The learning environments is lacking. The purpose of mastering language is

16、to communication situation. Different from the background of the general English major, the vocabulary of business English keeps up with the trend of the times. Business English should be practiced in a good business environments so that students can familiarize themselves with different business en

17、vironments and achieve the purpose of communicating in English in various business environments.(4) Blindly choose popular majors. In order to meet the needs of the development of todays society, colleges and universities have launched the “English + Professional” talent training methods in English

18、majors. Business English is one of the most popular majors, and nowadays college students tend to be popular, and do not choose the profession according to their own situation.1.4 The view and significance of the thesisThe principles of the use of business correspondence have gradually evolved to th

19、e seven “C” principles of today. Word and syntactic translation skills in correspondence are important for the use of Business English. Promote the application of correspondence English in variety of occasions, such as negotiation, trade, customer relations, etc.This article analyzes the features of

20、 English vocabulary and syntax of English business correspondence through literature retrieval, application comparison method, combination of induction and deduction, and explains it with the application instance. Business correspondence includes not only the general principles in the use of general

21、 English, but also its unique features. It is a comprehensive application of business, correspondence and management. In the process of trade negotiations, consideration must be given to their cultural compatibility and clearer and more accurate expressionsChapter two The principles and the analysis

22、 of the word features2.1 The seven Principles of language featuresClearness refers to the direct, understandable, unambiguous expression or use of unknown words in a letter. Conciseness means that state briefly all the essentials without redundant or repetitive statements, without compromising the i

23、ntegrity and politeness of information. Courtesy means to respect the readers feelings and show enough respect and friendliness to the reader. Consideration means that the writer should learn to think with the other party, respect and understand the other partys point of view and situation as much a

24、s possible. Concreteness means that the language expression in the correspondence should be clearly in place to avoid abstract or general expression, when it involves time, place, the description of goods and so on. Completeness requires that the message should contain all information and details re

25、lated to business activities, and make sure that all matters have been stated or discussed. The correctness principle involves the accuracy of the content of the letter and the accuracy of factual information and data information.2.2 The analysis of the word features2.2.1 The frequent use of acronym

26、sThe simplicity of business English is largely manifested in the use of a large number of acronyms. In order to improve the efficiency, save time and make it easy to record, a lot of abbreviations are used in correspondence. These acronyms include acronyms, truncated words, etc and they have become

27、internationally accepted business terms in business development, making expressions more concise and clear. For example: FOB (Free on Board), ETD(Estimated Time of Departure),CTN(Carton),F.X.(Foreign Exchange).etc.2.2.2 The frequent use of specialized terminologyBusiness English is an applied langua

28、ge discipline. It covers a wide range of fields including international trade, marketing, finance, advertising, logistics, insurance and law, covering a wide range of technical terms. This method can better and more clearly define the rights, obligations, costs, risks and so on of the participants i

29、n international trade. For example:terms of payment: L/C, D/P, D/Athe insurance terms: FPA(Free from Particular Average), AR(All Risks).etc.2.2.3 The Frequent use of the modal verbEuphemism expression is commonly used in business correspondences and business negotiation, which can illustrate the pro

30、cess. In preparing every piece of information and before taking every step, you must always keep your reader in mind and think about your opposite side. There is an old saying: “Put yourself into the readers shoes.” It means that you must always show your consideration for your correspondents. For e

31、xample: Could youI would etc.2.2.4 The use of written words and phrasesThe most important characteristics of business English vocabulary are professionalism and formality, which also reflects the industry characteristics of the international business field. As the international business corresponden

32、ce itself is written form, such as business letters, business contracts, newspapers publications and other official styles, the seriousness and standardization of international trade itself, the language used in the correspondence is generally more formal and standard. For example: place an order, m

33、ake an inquiry to sb.etc. 2.2.5 Special Meaning of some Common WordsAn important feature of international business English vocabulary is the flexibility of vocabulary meaning and the unity of fixedness. It is concentrated in the ubiquity of Polysemy in international business English and many common

34、English vocabularies form a certain change in business English. Such as inquiry ,cover, effect, against, collect and so on【6】.Chapter Three The analysis of the Translation Techniques3.1 The Word Translation Skills(1) Conciseness and Specification According to different business styles, international

35、 business English sentences will exhibit different characteristics. Considering the accuracy, timeliness and logic of business communication and expression, we choose the most appropriate expression under the premise of conciseness and standardization. Business English translation should pay attenti

36、on to improving the correctness and clearness of sentences from the perspective of easy understanding. Surely, the words in the letter should not be too colloquial and informal, especially involving some business documents. For example: Our draft on you at 60 d/s in favor of XX Corporation will be p

37、resented to you by Bank of China, Shanghai Branch and we would be grateful if you would kindly give it your protection.（译：我方开给你方的以XX公司为收益人的60天期汇票将由中国银行上海支行提呈你方。如蒙你方承兑，我方将甚为感激。）(2) The Frequent Use of Acronyms, Specialized terminology and the Modal VerbThe use of these words can make the expression m

38、ore professional and standardized, and reduce the possibility of understanding deviations between the two parties in the exchanges. The use of a large number of modal verbs will make the expression more polite, which is of great significance for maintaining flexible and effective international excha

39、nges and promoting the establishment of good trade relations and rapid trade between China and foreign countries. When translating these words, it is customary to use them as much as possible. For example: We would like to ask if you can grant us a discount of 5% for an order of 1000 dozen.（译：我方想询问一

40、下，对数量达到1000打的订货，你方公司是否可以给予5%的折扣。） (3)CourtesyIt is easy to master the rules of polite translation. For example: We are very much pleased/ glad to receive your letter of（我公司非常高兴/高兴收到贵公司的信函）We anticipate that we shall hear from you soon. （我们期待很快接到你的来信。）We are regrettable to say that we cant effect the

41、 shipment in time.（我方很遗憾地告知你方，我方不能按时发货。）【7】3.2 Syntactic Translation SkillsIn international business activities, businessmen often follow different language rules and use different sentence patterns according to different occasions, such as the Long Sentence, the Passive Sentence, the Negative Sente

42、nce and so on.(1) The Long Sentence In legal documents such as business contracts, long sentences are used to prevent misunderstanding. These long sentences usually consist of short sentences,independent subject and subordinate compound or parallel sentences. For example: We are obliged for your enq

43、uiry of May 1st and are pleased to enclose a wide selection of priced patterns of good and medium quality cottons, all of which we can supply from stock.（译：感谢贵公司五月一日的来函，兹随函奉上标有价格的中级棉花精选样品。凡此种种，皆能从仓库中随时供应。）(2) The Passive Sentence In foreign affairs, the principle of politeness must be followed. Both

44、 parties should be polite and avoid using words that hurt feelings. Therefore, the proper use of passive sentences can effectively reduce the antipathy of the other party, conducive to the establishment of friendly trade relations between both sides. For example: Shipment should be made before Octob

45、er, otherwise we are not able to catch the season. （译：十月底前必须交货，否则就赶不上季节了。）(3) The Negative Sentence When rejecting the other partys offer in business negotiation, it is usually necessary to apply some negative sentence patterns tactfully and refuse politely. For example: We suggest a compromise（我们建议

46、一项折中方案）【8】Chapter Four Applied research on Business English4.1 Common application areas of business English4.1.1 Transaction negotiationBusiness English can promote the smooth realization of trade negotiations. The status of negotiation in foreign trade is very crucial and will directly affect coope

47、ration. Business English can play a unique role in different types of negotiations on different occasions in order to achieve a win-win situation in the cooperation between the two parties. On the one hand, negotiations rely on their own professional knowledge, on the other hand, the correct use of

48、business English expression skills and application methods can promote the promotion of cooperation and win the trust of the other party.4.1.2 Cross-border e-commerceCross-border e-commerce industry has a supporting role for cross-border e-commerce management due to its global, anonymity, intangibil

49、ity and immediacy. Most business activities use English as the most basic communication language. The role of business English in cross-border e-commerce management is as follows: Business English promotes communication among internal employees; Business English is the medium for external communication; Business English enables cross-border e-commerce enterprises to obtain The latest news.The cultivation of basic communication ski