副词的知识点讲义高考英语语法总复习.doc
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1、高考英语语法总复习:副词的知识点讲义副词的概念表示行为特征的词叫副词。副词用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度或方式等概念实例It is raining hard.雨下得很大。( 修饰动词 )It is very easy.那很容易。( 修饰形容词 )It is raining very hard.( 修饰副词 )Frankly, I don't like her.直说吧,我不喜欢她。( 修饰全句 )副词的分类(1) 表示确定的时间副词有yesterday, tomorrowthis month, earliertoday,
2、 later, this week 等What's the date today?今天几号?(2) 表示不确定的时间副词有early, now, alreadysoon, just, immediatelynowadays, once, one daysome day, recentlysuddenly, thenstill, yet 等They will go to London some day in May.他们将在5月的某一天去伦敦。(3) 表先后的副词 first,next,last,表次数的副词 once,twice,again 等Your f
3、irst duty is to your family.你首要的责任是照顾家庭。Let's try it again.让我们再试一下。(4) 表示频率的副词有always, often, usuallysometimes, seldomhardly, ever, rarelynever, forever 等I seldom get up early in the morning.我很少在早上很早起床。(5) 表示具体地点的副词有here, there, homeabroad, upstairselsewhere, downstairsanywhe
4、re, everywherenowhere, somewhere 等I'll stay home to read my book tonight.今晚我将待在家里看书。My favorite restaurant is full, so I have to go elsewhere.我最喜欢的餐馆已经满了,所以我必须另外找一个地方。(6) 表位置关系的副词有( 后接宾语时,用作介词 )above, belowdown, up, in, outinside, outsideback, away, nearoff, far 等How far have
5、 we walked?我们走了多远了?It's time to get up !该起床了!(7) 表示位移关系的副词有across, alongover, round, past 等Come to the party and bring some friends along.请来参加聚会,并带一些朋友。He fell over on the ground.他摔倒在地上。注意地点副词和动词连用时不用加介词(8) 方式副词有badly, bravelygratefully, carefullycarelessly, nervously 等H
6、e left my house quietly.他悄悄地离开了我的房子。注意:方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”(此类副词大部分由形容词加 ly 构成,但并不是带 ly 的都是方式副词)(9) 强调副词也称程度副词强调副词从程度上和意义上两方面进行强调。这类词有very, too, quiterather, extremelymore, so, awfullypretty, almost, entirelynearly, wholly, especiallyeven, exactly, justonly, simply 等That's exactly what
7、 I expected.这正是我盼望的。(10) 疑问副词疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句,这类词有when, where, whyhow long, how soonhowever 等When will you come back?你什么时候回来?Where do you come from?你来自哪儿?(11) 关系副词关系副词用于引导定语从句,这类词有where, when, whyIs this the place where you were born?这是你出生的地方吗?(12) 连接副词连接副词主要用来连接句子或从句这类副词有therefore
8、因此moreover 再者besides 况且however 不管怎样otherwise 否则then 然后though 但是We have a day in Beijing and then go to Shanghai.我们在北京待一天然后就去上海。We must be quick, otherwise we will be late !我们要快点,否则会迟到的!(13) 否定副词这类词有 no, notneither, nornever, hardly, seldomI never wrote to him.我从不给他写信。(1
9、4) 其他副词这类副词对整个句子进行说明常见的这类副词有luckily, generallyhappily, honestlybriefly, naturallynarrowly, broadlyhopefully 等Luckily, he wasn't badly hurt.幸运的是,他没受重伤。Finally, he got back home.他终于回到了家。副词的构成1、本身是副词heretherenowneververytooagoalwaysthenoften2、与介词、形容词、名词同形inoutabovefastearlylongbelowhigharoundhome3、
10、由形容词加词尾-ly 变成副词badlyslowlyhappilycarefullyeasilysoftlyangrilyquickly副词的用法1、作状语副词作状语时,常用来修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、数词、介词短语或全句The visitors were warmly received by the hosts.客人受到了主人的热情接待。( 修饰动词 )These boxes are quite heavy.这些箱子相当重。( 修饰形容词 )The nurse looks after the sick person carefully.护士
11、对病人照顾得很周到。( 修饰动词短语 )Luckily, the weather was not so wet as it is today.幸运的是,那天不像今天这样下雨。( 修饰全句 )2、作表语副词作表语主要指主语的方向、动作、情况In the afternoon, classes are over at 3:30.下午3点30分放学。All of the teachers are there.所有的老师都在这儿。Tom was away that day汤姆那天缺席了。3、作定语表示地点或时间的副词可作定语,但要后置The clouds
12、 above began to get thicker.天空的云越来越厚。Life here is full joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。4、作宾语补足语和主语补足语主要说明宾语或主语所处的位置、状态When we came into the room. we found him out.当我们走进房间时,发现他出去了。( 作宾语补足语 )The boy was seen upstairs.有人看见这个男孩在楼上。( 作主语补足语 )5、部分表示地点、时间的副词常作介词的宾语It's about three kilometr
13、es from here to there.从这儿到那儿大约3 000米。副词的位置1、大多数副词可以放在它所修饰的动词后面We are living happily.我们幸福地生活着。The farmers are working hard in the field.农民正在田里辛勤劳动。2、频率副词一般位于所修饰的动词之前,be动词、情态动词、助动词之后He usually comes early.他通常来得早。He is seldom late.他很少迟到。The English song
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