连词(并列连词和从属连词)知识点讲解- 高考英语语法总复习.doc
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1、连词(并列连词和从属连词)知识点讲义 高考英语语法总复习连词的分类连词用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子的词分类:1、并列连词按其作用分为表示转折、因果、选择和并列四大类2、从属名词可分为引导名词性从句的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词连词是虚词,在句中不能独立充当句子成分,只起连接作用。实例We went on and on.我们继续不停地走着。There are some white clouds in the sky, but they are small.天上飘着朵朵白云,但云朵不大。并列连词并列连词(1) 表示转折的并列连词常见的表示转折的并列连词
2、有while,but,yet,however,nevertheless,still等,用来连接两个意思不同甚至相反的词、短语或分句。I was born in Xi'an while I grew up in Changchun我出生在西安,然而在长春长大。He wants to go, but his sister wants to stay.他想走,但他妹妹想留下。The problem is difficult, however, many of us have solved it这道题目是难了些,但我们很多人都做出来了
3、。(2) 表示因果的并列连词常见的表示因果的并列连词有:so,for,hence,therefore.The boss called me just now, so I must go to the office at once.老板刚才打电话找我,因此我必须马上去办公室。I must be away for a week, for I'II fix the machine for a factory.我必须离开一周,因为要为某厂修机器。注意:副词then(那么,因而),thus(因此),therefore ( 因此所以 ) 等也可以放在句首表示
4、因果关系。He studied hard, then he got a full mark.他很用功,因而他得了满分。His car broke down, thus he was late for work.他的车坏了,因此他上班迟到了。He was busy, therefore he could not come.他很忙,因此他没有来。(3)表示选择的并列连词常见的表示选择的并列连词有:or, or else(否则)eitherorotherwise(要不然;否则)or 的用法a or 意为“或”表示一种选择Would you
5、like tea or coffee?你想喝茶还是咖啡?b or用在“祈使句+or +简单句”结构中,其中or在此意为“否则”Study hard, or you will fail.努力学习,否则你就会失败。c or用在否定句中代替and表示并列关系He can't read or write.他既不会读也不会写。You must be joking,or else you're mad.你一定是开玩笑,不然你就是疯了。You may wear either of the coats.你可以穿两件大衣中的任何一件。Either you or he has
6、to go.=Either he or you have to go不是你就是他得去。(就近原则)He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten他提醒了我,要不然我就会把这件事给忘了。(4) 表示并列关系的连词常见的表示并列关系的并列连词有:and, not onlybut alsoas well as, bothandneithernoreitheror它们用来连接两个并列或对称关系的词、短语或分句Kate and I are in the same class.凯特和我在同一个班。We
7、 should not only be cautious but also be brave.找们不仅应该谨慎而且应该勇敢。She is a writer as well as a teacher.她既是一个作家又是一位教师。Both you and she are right你和她都对。Neither you nor I am to blame.你和我都不应受责备。Come to see her either today or tomorrow
8、.今天或明天来看她吧。从属连词从属连词从属连词通常引导一个从句修饰主句一般可分为引导名词性从句(宾语从句或表语从句等)和引导状语从句的从属连词(1) 引导名词性从句的从属连词主要有that,if(是否),Whether(是否)等I don't know if he'II come today我不知道他是否会来。(引导宾语从句)The problem is that we haven't got enough money.问题是我们没有足够的钱。(引导表语从句)(2) 引导状语从句的从属连词有很多时间状语从句when,while,a
9、s,after,before, until,till , as soon asThey had left when I got there.当我到那里时他们已经离开了。地点状语从句where, whereverWhere there is a will, there is a way有志者,事竞成。原因状语从句because, since, as(因为)now thatI drove slowly because there was such heavy traffic.我开得很慢,因为车太多了。条件状语从句if ( 如果 )unless, o
10、nce(一旦)in caseWe'll go fishing if it doesn't rain tomorrow如果明天不下雨,我们就去钓鱼。目的状语从句in order that, so thatI got up early so that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早,为的是赶上第一趟车。让步状语从句although / though, even if / though, howeverThough Canada is large, the population is small。尽管加拿大面
11、积大,人口却很少。结果状语从句sothat,so that, suchthatHe was so tired that he fell asleep fast.他累得很快就睡着了。比较状语从句than, as / soasless / moreI'm older than you.我年龄比你大。方式状语从句as(按照)if / though(好像)You should do as l told you你应该按我说的做。不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词1、 Because(因为), so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里只能用其一。
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