中山大学2004年英语专业考研英美文学专业试电子教案.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。中山大学2004年英语专业考研英美文学专业试-中山大学2004年英语专业考研英美文学专业试题EntranceEXAMfor2004M.A-ProgramSchoolofForeignLanguagesZhongshan(SunYat-sen)UniversityBritishandAmericanLiteratureDuration:3hoursTotalScore:150marksInstructions:Answerallthe3questionsinPartOneandany3questionsi

2、nPartTwo.Youarerequiredtoanswer6questionsaltogether.PartOneI.Explainbrieflyany3ofthetermslistedbelow(20%)A.AmericanRenaissanceB.EpicC.MetaphysicalpoetryD.ModernismE.TheatreoftheAbsurdII.Commentbrieflyonany2ofthefollowingcharacters.(20%)A.CaptainAhabB.TomJonesC.GatsbyD.AndreadelSartoE.KingLearIII.Mat

3、chtheliteraryworkwiththeauthor.Foreachquestion(A-T)fillintheblankwithonefigure(1-20).(20%)Example:DavidCopperfield21.JackLondon2.CharlesDickensA.ThePortraitofaLady1.WilliamCarlosWilliamsB.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn2.WaltWhitmanC.TheWasteland3.HenryFieldingD.TheRainbow4.EugeneONeillE.LeavesofGras

4、s5.T.S.EliotF.TomJones6.CharlesLambG.BleakHouse7.HenryJamesH.TheIcemanCometh8.CharlesDickensI.EssaysofElia_9.D.H.LawrenceJ.Paterson10.MarkTwainK.AStreetcarNamedDesire11.JohnMiltonL.TheAlchemist12.WilliamFaulknerM.Walden13.BenJohnsonN.OdetoaNightingale14.TennesseeWilliamsO.Catch-2215.JamesJoyceP.Para

5、diseLost16.JohnRealsQ.Ulysses17.JosephHellerR.Howl18.H.D.ThoreauS.TheSoundandtheFury19.JosephConradT.HeartofDarkness20.AllenGinsbergPartTwoIV.Asonnetisafourteen-linepoemofiambicpentameter.ItwasoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandintroducedtoEnglandbyThomasWyattandtheEarlofSurrey.Sincethenithasbeenaf

6、ormofpoetrymuchfavoredbytheEnglishpoets.WilliamShakespearewrote154sonnets.However,theShakepeareanorEnglishsonnetisdifferentfromtheItalian.Explainthedifferencesofthetwokindsofsonnets.(30%)V.Accordingtomanycritics,FrancisBaconisthefatheroftheEnglishessaywhileCharlesLamb,theShakespeareofit.Makeacomment

7、onthestatement(30%)VI.Inwhatsensedoyouthinkthatcriticalrealismisasuitablelabelfortherealisticnovelsin19thcenturyEngland?(30%)VII.Howdoyouinterprettheconcept“thecodeheroes,”whichreferstoacertaingroupofcharacterscreatedbyHemingway?Giveexamplestosupportyourpoint(30%)VIII.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnw

8、aspraisedbyHemingwayasabookfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”HowdoyouinterpretHemingwayscomment?(30%)IX.GiveabriefintroductiontooneofyourfavoritewritersinBritishorAmericanliterature(30%)中山大学2004年英美文学参考答案PartOneI.Explainbrieflyany3ofthetermslistedbelow(20%)A.AmericanRenaissance,alsocalledAm

9、ericanRomanticism,isoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.(2)Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedth

10、einnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange.Theystressedtheelement“Americanness”intheirworks.(3)TranscendentalismisthesummitofAmericanRenaissance,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualinspirationandintuition,theOver-soul,andNature.(4)Itstart

11、edwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrvingsTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitmansLeavesofGrass.(4)BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,itisalsocalled“theAmericanRenaissance.”(5)AmericanRomanticistsincludesuchliteraryfiguresasWashingtonIrving,RalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,WilliamCulle

12、nBryant,HenryWordsworthLongfellow,NathanielHawthorne,EdgarAllenPoe,HermanMelville,WaltWhitmanandsomeothers.B.Epic,inpoetry,referstoalongworkdealingwiththeactionsofgodsandheroes.(2)BeowulfisthegreatestnationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.JohnMiltonwrotethreegreatepics:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegainedandSamsonA

13、gonistes.C.Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.(2)Witharebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.(3)ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassi

14、calperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.(4)Theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.D.Modernismisaninternationalmovementinliteratureandarts,especiallyinliterarycriticism,whichbeganinthelate19thcenturyandflourisheduntil1950s.(2)Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisas

15、itstheoreticalcase.(3)Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivateandsubjunctivethanonthepublicandobjective,mainlyconcernedwiththeinnerofanindividual.(4)JamesJoyce,T.S.Eliot,VirginiaWoolfandWilliamFaulknerareprominentmodernistwriters.E.TheTheaterofAbsurdisakindofdramathatexplainsanexistentialideol

16、ogyandpresentsaviewoftheabsurdityofthehumanconditionbytheabandoningofusualorrationaldevicesandtheuseofnonrealisticform.(2)ThemostoriginalplaywrightoftheTheaterofAbsurdisSamuelBeckett,whowroteabouthumanbeingslivingameaninglesslifeinanalien,decayingworld.Hisplay,WaitingforGodot,isregardedasthemostfamo

17、usandinfluentialplayoftheTheaterofAbsurd.II.Commentbrieflyonany2ofthefollowingcharacters.(20%)A、CaptainAhabisthemaincharacterinMelvillesgreatestallegoricalnovelMoby-Dick.(2)Ahab,thedomineeringcaptainonboardhisshipPequod,withanoverwhelmingobsession,isdeterminedtokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim.(3)Ino

18、rdertokillthewhale,MobyDick,hedeliberatelyinvolvesthecrewinhisrevenge.AttheendofthestoryeverybodydiesexceptIshmaelwhosurvivestotellthestory.(4)ForAhab,thewhalerepresentsonlyevil.MobyDickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.AhabwillsthewholecrewonthePequodtojoinhiminthepursuitofthebig

19、whalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisownconsumingdesire,hismadness.(5)Ahabremainsoneofthemostfascinatingcharactersinworldliterature.B、TomJonesisthemaincharacterinFieldingsTomJones.(2)InthenovelTomJonesstandsforadriftingEverymanwhoisexpelledfromtheparad

20、iseandhastoundergohardexperiencestogainsomeknowledgeofhimselftoapproachperfection.C、GatsbyisthemaincharacterinFitzgeraldsTheGreatGatsby.(2)Gatsbystragedycouldbetackledinthefollowingpossibleways.Gatsbysdreamisemptyofsubstantialityinthewayheincarnateshisdreaminagirlheidealizes,andthegirl(Daisy)turnsou

21、ttobeveryselfishandindifferenttohistruelove;heisamanwhoclingstothepastwhichhasgoneforever;heisdoomedbecausetheworldaroundisalandofspiritualashes,fullofcarelessdriverswhohavenosenseofwonderaboutlife,Butheisgreatinthathestillholdsadreamthatprovestobeincorruptible.(3)Gatsbystragedyembodiesthedisillusio

22、nmentoftheAmericanDream.D、KingLearisthemaincharacterinShakespearestragedyKingLear.(2)KingLearisaself-willedrulerwhosuffersfromtreacheryandinfidelityonaccountofhisirresponsibilityandvanity.(3)InKingLear,Shakespearehasnotonlymadeaprofoundanalysisofthesocialcrisisinwhichtheevilscanbeseeneverywhere,buta

23、lsocriticizedthebourgeoisegoism.(4)Shakespearepointsoutthatakingorrulermustberesponsibletohispeople.III.III.Matchtheliteraryworkwiththeauthor.Foreachquestion(A-T)fillintheblankwithonefigure(1-20).(20%)A-7B-10C-5D-9E-2F-3G-8H-4I-6J-1K-14L-13M-18N-JohnKeatsO-17P-11Q-15R-20S-12T-19PartTwoIV.Sonnetisapo

24、emoffourteenlinesofiambicpentameterwitharigidrhymescheme.ThisverseformwasfirstemployedbytheItalianpoetsintheearlyperiodoftheRenaissanceandcametoperfectioninthehandsofDanteandespeciallyofPetrarch.ItwasintroducedintoEnglandinthe16thcentury,andadoptedbymanyEnglishpoets,withchieflytwovariants:theItalian

25、orPetrarchansonnetformandtheEnglishorShakespearean.Thechiefdifferencebetweenthetwoformsliesintheirtwodifferentrhymeschemes:abba,abba,cdcdcdorabba,abba,cdecdefortheItalianorPetrarchanformandabab,cdcd,efef,ggfortheEnglishorShakespearean.AllofShakepeares154sonnetsbelongtothelattertype.V.(1)Baconisbestk

26、nownforhisEssaysthatisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature.OfStudiesisthemostpopularofBaconsessays.Hisessaysdealwithavarietyoftopicsaboutalmostallaspectsoflife.Theyarecharacterizedbyforcefulness,persuasiveness,compactnessandprecision.ThesequalitieshaveearnedBaconthefatheroftheEnglishessay.(

27、2)CharlesLambisawell-knownessayistintheEnglishRomanticPeriod.Hewroteaseriesofessayscollectedinhisfamous“EssaysofElia”.IntheseessaysLambchatswiththereaderonvarioustopicsandrevealshischarmingpersonality.ThemoststrikingfeatureofLambsessaysishishumor.HeisuniversallyacknowledgedtobeuniqueasanEnglishhumor

28、ist.Likeotherhumorists,hecouldtellaridiculousstoryinthemostsolemntone.Heisamasterofpunsandjokes.Lambsstyleistouchedwitharchaism,interspersedwithquotationsfromhisfavoriteauthorsbutalwaysfaithfultohisownpersonality.Itishighlyartisticbutinimitable.Inshort,Lambsessaysarefamiliaressaysinthebestsenseofthe

29、term.His“EssaysofElia”isLambsgreatestcontributiontothetreasuryofEnglishliterature.Lambis,therefore,regardedastheShakespeareoftheEnglishessay.VI.(1)Inthe19thcenturyEnglandthenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.Whilestickingtotheprincipleoffaithfulre

30、presentationofthe18th-centuryrealistnovel,novelistsinthisperiodcarriedtheirdutyforwardtothecriticismofthesocietyandthedefenseofthemass.Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques,theysharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangryw

31、iththeinhumansocialinstitutions,thedecayingsocialmoralityasrepresentedbythemoney-worshipandUtilitarianism,andthewidespreadmisery,povertyandinjustice.Theirtruthfulpictureofpeopleslifeandbitterandstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuchinawakeningthepublicconsciousnesstothesocialproblemsandintheactualim

32、provementofthesociety.CharlesDickens,theBronteSistersandThomasHardyaretypicalnovelistsoftheVictorianperiod.(2)CharlesDickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.Itishisseriousintentiontoexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnesshesawallaroundhim.

33、Inhisworks,Dickenssetsoutafullmapandalarge-scalecriticismofthe19th-centuryEngland,particularlyLondon.Acombinationofoptimismaboutpeopleandrealismaboutsocietyispresentfromtheverybeginning.Inhisearlynovels,heattacksoneormorespecificsocialevilsineach:Forexample,thedehumanizingworkhousesystemandthedark,c

34、riminalunderworldlifeinOliverTwist;thedebtorsprisoninDavidCopperfield;themoney-worshipthatdominatespeopleslife,corruptstheyoungandbringstragedytoMr.DombeysfamilyinDombeyandSon,etc.befound.(3)Beingfaithfultorealityofthe19thcenturyEnglandEnglishwritersarelabeledastherealisticnovelists.VII.(1)Thecodehe

35、roreferstoaliterarycharacterwhoclingstoacertainsetofrulesorprinciplesinventedbyaparticularwriter.(2)Hemingwayisacaseinpoint.Hemingwaydealswithalimitedrangeofcharactersinquitesimilarcircumstancesandmeasurethemagainstanunvaryingcode,knownas“graceunderpressure”.Thosewhosurviveintheprocessofseekingtomas

36、terthecodewiththehonesty,thediscipline,andtherestraintareHemingwayCodeheroes.Suchaherousuallyisanaveragemanofdecidedlymasculinetastes,sensitiveandintelligent.Hekeepsemotionsundercontrol,stoicandself-disciplined.Hefightsasolitarystruggleagainstaforcehedoesnotevenunderstand.TheHemingwayheropossessesak

37、indof“despairingcourage”.Itisthiscouragethatenablesamantobehavelikeaman,toasserthisdignityinfaceofadversity.(3)BarnesinTheSunAlsoRisesandSantiagoinTheOldManandTheSeaaresuchheroes.VIII.(1)MarkTwainisagreatliterarygiantofAmerica.H.L.Menckenconsideredhim“thetruefatherofournationalliterature.”Withworksl

38、ikeAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnTwainshapedtheworldsviewofAmerica.HemadeamoreextensivecombinationofAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliteraturethanpreviouswritershadeverdone.AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,aboysbookspeciallywrittenfortheadults,isTwainsmostrepresentativework.Thesetwobooks,especiallythelatter,prov

39、edtobethemilestoneinAmericanliterature,andthusfirmlyestablishedTwainspositionintheliteraryworld.(2)AsasequeltoTomSawyer,HuckleberryFinnmarkstheclimaxofTwainsliterarycreativity.Hemingwayoncedescribedthenoveltheonebookfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”Thelanguageofthenovelissimple,direct,luc

40、id,andfaithfultothecolloquialspeechwhichisbestdescribedas“vernacular”.Withhisgreatmasteryandeffectiveuseofvernacular,Twainhasmadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymedium.(3)InithecreatedforAmericanLiteratureanimageofatypicalAmericanboythatstaysintheheartsofAmericanreaders.(4)Hisstyleofla

41、nguageinfluencedmanylaterwriterslikeSherwoodAnderson,ErnestHemingway,etc.TheprofoundportraitofHuckleberryFinnisanothergreatcontributionofthebooktothelegacyofAmericanliterature.IX.RobertFrosthaslongbeenwellknownasapoetwhocanhardlybeclassifiedwiththeoldorthenew.Unlikehiscontemporariesintheearly20thcen

42、tury,hedidnotbreakupwiththepoetictraditionnormadeanyexperimentonform.Instead,helearnedfromthetradition,especiallythefamiliarconventionsofnaturepoetryandofclassicalpastoralpoetry,andmadethecolloquialNewEnglandspeechintoapoeticexpression.Manyofhispoemsarefragrantwithnaturalquality.Imagesandmetaphorsin

43、hispoemsaredrawnfromthesimplecountrylifeandthepastorallandscape.Profoundideasaredeliveredunderthedisguiseoftheplainlanguageandsimpleform.WhatFrostdidistotakesymbolsfromthelimitedhumanworldandthepastorallandscapetorefertothegreatworldbeyondtherusticscene.Byusingsimplespokenlanguageandconversationalrh

44、ythmsandtreatingseeminglytrivialsubject,Frostachievesaneffortlessgraceinhisstyle.HecombinestraditionalverseformswithaclearAmericanlocalspeechrhythm.Hewritesinboththemetricalformsandthefreeverse,andsometimeshewritesinaformthatmightbecalledsemi-freeorsemi-conventional.IfAmericahadanationalpoetinthe20thcentury,itiscertainlyRobertFrost.-