2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷.pdf

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1、2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷英语（一）模拟 32022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷英语（一）模拟 3考生注意事项考生注意事项1.答题前，考生应按照准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息，粘贴“考生信息条形码”。2. 将试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴到答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。考生不按照规定粘贴条形码影响考试的结果，考生责任自负。3. 客观题答案填涂按照答题卡上的要求用 2B铅笔完成。 如需改动， 必须用橡皮擦干净。 英译汉和写作部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2上做答。字迹要清楚。考生编号考生

2、姓名试卷条形码Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10points)Directions:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marke

3、dA, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10points)Interpersonal communication is your _1_ interaction with others. Talking to a friend oncampus, chatting to a friend on campus, chatting on the phone with a classmate about an _2_ test,arguing the _3_ of a movie wi

4、th friends, discussing strategies for accomplishing tasks at work,_4_ for a job, and planning the future _5_ a loved one are all forms of interpersonalcommunication.Effective interpersonal communication _6_our sensitivity to others and to the situation. One goalof effective interpersonal communicati

5、on is to maintain relationships, and forming _7_ messages thataccurately convey our ideas and feelings _8_ not offending the other person is key _9_ our success.Effective interpersonal communication _10_ us. People who can clearly express their ideas, beliefs,and opinions become influential and _11_

6、 control over what happens to them and to others that they_12_. When we accurately and precisely _13_ our thoughts, others gain a better _14_ for ourposition. Their understanding and appreciation make it more likely that they will respond in _15_ that areconsistent with our needs.Effective interpers

7、onal communication helps us manage the _16_ we create. Presenting ourselves insuch a way that others will_17_ and trust us is important in both public and private _18_whetherwere communicating in a professional setting, _19_ our interpersonal skills are vital to getting a job,holding a position, or

8、rising in an organization, or in a private setting where were trying to _20_andmaintain relationships.1. A familiarB informalC intimateD close2. A upcomingB finalC mid-termD intermediate3. A advancesB strengthC populationD fondness4. A interviewB interfereC interactD interpret5. A forB withC overD t

9、o6. A describesB conveysC portraysD betrays7. A soundB directoryC dictionD verbal8. A ifB whenC whileD as9. A toB ofC forD in10. A empowersB reinforcesC supportsD sustains11. A exhaustB exertC affectD enact12. A care aboutB care forC care withD take to13. A interpretB decipherC encodeD decode14. A a

10、ssessmentB evaluationC appreciationD appraisal15. A approachesB methodsC waysD ends16. A impressionsB practicesC thingsD experiences17. A respectB despiseC mockD sneer at18. A settingsB locationsC situationsD circumstances19. A whenB whereC howD if20. A workB buildC keepD retainSection II Reading Co

11、mprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A B C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text OneThe importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected inseveral books th

12、at have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in,but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects ofjournalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and

13、implications. Muchof the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalismas in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study bringstogether evidence from which broad generalized principles can be

14、developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, butvery little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, manygeneral texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in f

15、ields other than journalism have beenwritten. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well asthe training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays littleattention to the journalistic interview

16、. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with thejournalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modernWestern societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with an

17、yother form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as thatconducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer isinterested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the p

18、erson seeking help. Anotherfamiliar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by themass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview byvirtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and v

19、iewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview,especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.21. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _.A generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for wr

20、iters on journalismB importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewingC concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewingD personal experience and general impression should be excluded from journalistic interviews22. Much r

21、esearch has been done on interviews in general _.A so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedB though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentionC but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedD and there

22、 has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing23. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, _.A but most of them wish to stay away from itB and many of them hope to be interviewed some dayC and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of itD

23、but most of them may not have been interviewed in person24. The word “empirical”(Para.2) most probably meansA hypotheticalB practicalC reciprocalD hysterical25. The text is most likely a part of a _.A news articleB journalistic interviewC research reportD prefaceText 2The future of space exploration

24、 depends on many things. It depends on how technology evolves, howpolitical forces shape competition and partnerships between nations, and how important the public feels spaceexploration is. The near future will see the continuation of human space flight in Earths orbit and unpilotedspace flight wit

25、hin the solar system. Piloted space flight to other planets, or even back to the moon, still seemsfar away. Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant, but a huge advance in space technology coulddrive space exploration into realms currently explored only by science fiction.The 1968 film

26、 2001: A Space Odyssey depicted commercial shuttles flying to and from a giantwheel-shaped space station in orbit around Earth, bases on the moon, and a piloted mission to Jupiter. The realspace activities of 2001 will not match this cinematic vision, but the 21stcentury will see a continuation ofef

27、forts to transform humanity into a space faring species.Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of pilotedspace exploration in Earths orbit and beyond. In 1998 no single government or international enterprise hadplans to send people back to the moo

28、n, much less to Mars. Such missions are unlikely to happen until theperceived value exceeds their cost.One belief shared by a number of space exploration experts is that future lunar and Martian expeditionsshould be aimed at creating permanent settlements. The residents of such outposts would have t

29、o live off theland, obtaining such necessities as oxygen and water from the harsh environment. On the moon, pioneers couldobtain oxygen by heating lunar soil. In 1998 the Lunar Prospector discovered evidence of significant deposits ofice, a valuable resource for settlers, mixed with soil at the luna

30、r poles. On Mars, oxygen could be extracted fromthe atmosphere and water could come from buried deposits of ice.The future of piloted lunar and planetary exploration remains largely unknown. Most space explorationscientists believe that people will be on the moon and Mars by the middle of the 21stce

31、ntury, but how they getthere, and the nature of their visits, is a subject of continuing debate. Clearly, key advances will need to be madein lowering the cost of getting people off Earth, the first step in any human voyage to other worlds.Space exploration experts have long hoped that as internatio

32、nal tensions have eased, an increasing numberof space activities could be undertaken on an international, cooperative basis. In addition to the economicsavings that could result from nations pooling their resources to explore space, the new perspective gained byspace voyages could be an important be

33、nefit to international relations. The Apollo astronauts have said thegreatest discovery from our voyages to the Moon was the view of their own world as a precious island of life inthe void. Ultimately that awareness could help to improve our lives on Earth.26. A flight to other solar systems will be

34、 made more possible by _A technological breakthroughs.B international cooperation.C market competition.D public pressure.27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that human society will become increasingly _A worried about life on other planets.B dependent on space tourism.C accustomed to long-distan

35、ce flights.D associated with space exploration.28. It is difficult to send people to other planets because of _A lack of capacity of space exploration vehicles.B the financial expenditure involved in space travel.C controversial nature of space travel.D the uncertain future of space exploration.29.

36、According to this text, piloted space missions will need to be _A more exciting than earlier film versions.B supported by international organizations.C more cost-effective than they appear to be at present.D financed by individual governments.30. It is predicted that people who will live on other pl

37、anets would have to _A appreciate the harsh conditions they encounter there.B depend on the natural resources available there.C take most daily necessities along with them.D engage in scientific research.Text 3Big Western oil firms were reporting their results for the third quarter as the oil price

38、climbed towards $100a barrel during the past few weeks. Record oil prices, it turns out, do not translate into record profits. Oil is nowclose to exceeding the record set in 1979 of between $100 and $110, depending on how you adjust for inflationand what criterion you use. Yet almost without excepti

39、on, big oil firms profits are falling from the peaksreached last year.Exxon Mobil, for example, reported a 10% drop in profits in the third quarter, and BPs fell even moresharply. Profits also fell at Chevron, ConocoPhillips and Eni. They rose at Total and Royal Dutch Shellbutonly thanks to exchange

40、-rate fluctuations and one-off asset sales. Analysts at Citigroup calculate that, measuredin dollars, the biggest oil firms earnings fell by 15% on average.To be fair, the oil price has surged most dramatically since the end of September, although it was alsobuoyant in the third quarter. The majors

41、poor showing also reflects lower profits from refining, as the differencein price between petrol and crude oil has fallen from the exceptionally high levels of recent months.But the fact remains that oil giants are struggling to pump more oil and gas. In part, this is due to a quirkof the rules that

42、 oblige Western oil firms to share the crude they produce with state-owned oil firms in manycountries. The contracts in question often rule that as the price goes up, the volume of oil the foreigners receivedecreases. Worse, several countries are changing contracts or tax rules in ways that will fur

43、ther erode theWestern oil firms profitsand in some cases are throwing them out altogether.Rising costs are also a problem. Exxon, which is known for its strict financial discipline, saw costs risealmost twice as fast as revenue in the third quarter. The shortage of labor and equipment that is feedin

44、g thisinflation is also causing delays to new projects. And there are not enough new projects in the pipeline. TheInternational Energy Agency reckons that the expansion plans of the big Western and state-owned oil firms willleave the world 12.5m barrels per day short of requirements in 2015.Despite

45、this looming deficit and the glaring price signal, all the big companies except Total produced lessoil and gas in the third quarter than they did in the same period last year. According to Citigroup, the averagedecline in overall output was 3.3%. If the relatively steady supply of natural gas is str

46、ipped out, the numberslook even worse: oil production fell by 9% on average. No matter how high the price goes, the oil majors cannotmake a profit from oil they do not produce.31. We can learn from the first paragraph that _A the oil price is not really close to the degree of exceeding the historica

47、l record.B whether the oil price will break the record rests on the measurement used.C the oil price is rising and will continue rising to the historical record.D the profit of the oil production industry reached the historical record last year.32. Which one of the following statements is NOT true o

48、f the situation of the third quarter?A Most oil companies were suffering a serious loss in the third quarter.B Some companies also enjoyed rising profits in the third quarter.C The oil refining industry was also suffering a surplus reduction in the third quarter.D The oil price was on the rise in th

49、e third quarter.33. “This inflation” (Paragraph 5) refers to_A the rise of oil price.B the rise of Consumer Price Index (CPI).C the rise of oil production costs.D the rise of oil production revenue.34. The example of Citigroup is mentioned to _A show the big oil firms can benefit from the oil produc

50、tionBillustrate the Citigroup was the largest corporation with oil outputC explain the causes for the average decline in the overall oil outputD prove the prevalent trend of reduction in oil production35. Record oil prices do not translate into record profits because of the following reasons except_