中考英语句子种类分析及练习知识讲解.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。中考英语句子种类分析及练习-中考英语句子种类分析及练习英语句子的分类一.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1.陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisntbeautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成(1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。Heisplayingtheguitar.（肯定）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.

2、（否定）Wecangettherebeforedark.（肯定）Wecantgettheebeforedark.（否定）(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加dont,doesnt或didnt。同时把该实义动词变为原形。Heplaystheviolinwell.（肯定）Hedoesntplaytheviolinwell.（否定）Shewonthegame.（肯定）Shedidntwinthegame.（否定）(3)如果句子是therebe结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要变为

3、any。例如：Thereissomewaterinthecup.Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.Hehasnotanybooks.(4)除not以外，否定词no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例如：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.Ihaveneverseenthefilm.二.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“

4、！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1.肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。Bequiet.Youbequiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Openthewindow,please.（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。LetJackwaitaminute.Letsg

5、otoschool.（5）在祈使句中，Lets和Letus是有区别的。Lets包括说话者，而Letus不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。Letsgoskating,shallwe?（表示内部的建议）Letustryagain,willyou?（表示向别人发出请求）2.否定祈使句通常以Dont或Never开头。其结构通常是：“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如：Dontdothatagain!Neverleavetodaysworkfortomorrow!Dontbelatenexttime!三.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1.一

6、般疑问句：（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。DoyouknowMr.Smith?Canyouswim?（2）一般疑问句的否定结构在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-nt，则须将-nt与一般疑问句句首的be,have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Areyounotafootballfan?Arentyouafootballfan?Willshenotlikeit?Wontshelikeit

7、?与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。Arentyouafootballfan?你不是足球迷吗？Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Wontshelikeit?Yes,shewill.No,shewont.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如：Whoisondutytoday?Howlonghaveyoubeenin

8、Beijing?Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?WhatmustIdonow?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容疑问词或句型例句回答职业，身份whatWhatisyourfather?Heisadoctor.姓名或关系whoWhoisthatboy?HeisJack.Heismybrother相貌特征whatlike?Whatisshelike?Whatdoesshelooklike?Sheisbeautiful.目的whatfor?Whatdidtheycomeherefor?Toattendameeting.原因whyWhydidtheycomehere?Because

9、theyhaveameetingtoattend.天气howwhatlike?Howistheweathertoday?Whatistheweatherliketoday?Itsfine.颜色whatcolor？Whatdolorisherskirt?Itsred.服装尺寸whatsizeWhatsizedoeshewear?Hewars40.几点钟whattimeWhattimeisit?Its7:30.星期几whatdayWhatdayistoday?ItsTuesday.几号，日期whatisthedate?Whatisthedatetoday?ItsMay2.年龄（多大）howoldH

10、owoldishe?Heis38.持续多长时间（多久）howlongHowlonghaveyoubeenhere?Forfivemonths.长度（多长）howlongHowlongisthebridge?Its500metres.距离（多远）howfarHowfarisitfromheretothezoo?Its6kilometres.频度（多经常）howoftenHowoftendoyoucomeback?Onceaweek.时间经过（多快）howsoonHowsoonwillshearrive?Inanweek.数量（多少）howmany（可数名词）howmuch（不可数名词）Howma

11、nyjacketsdoyouhave?Howmuchcoffeedoyouwant?Three.Twocups.价格howmuchHowmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Fivedollars.高度（多高）howtall（人，树）howhigh（山，建筑物）Howtallisshe?Howhighisthetower?Shes1.73metres.Its450metres.3.选择疑问句：选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes

12、或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。Isyourbagyelloworblack?Itsblack.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing?Ilikedancingbetter.4.反意疑问句：反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。Iamyourteacher,arentI?Hedidntstudyhard,didhe?（2）如果陈述句中含有

13、否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing,nonenoone,nobody,neither,few,little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：Theyhardlywritetoeachother,dothey?Hehasfoundnothing,hashe?Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey?（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，则

14、必须把yes译“不是”，把no译成“是的”。-Youwontbeawayforlong,willyou?你不会离开太久，是吗？-Yes,Iwill.不，我会离开很久。-No,Iwont.是的，我不会离开很久。-Idontthinkshellcomebybike,willshe?我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？-Yes,shewill.不，她会骑自行车来。-No,shewont.是的，她不会骑自行车来。四.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形

15、容词，副词或动词。1.what引导的感叹句：（1）what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Whatabeautifulcityitis!Whataninterestingstoryshetold!（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Whatexpensivewatchestheyare!Whatterribleweatheritis!2How引导的感叹句：（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howcolditis!Howhardheworks!（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howheloveshisson!HowImiss

16、you!（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howtallatreeitis!（4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：Whatacleverboyheis!Howclevertheboyis!Whatacolddayitis!Howcolditis!【实例解析】1._usefulcomputeritis!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词computer,所以要用what来修饰，又因为useful第一个发音是辅音，what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用an。2.-_isitfrom

17、JiaxingtoHangzhou?-Imnotsure,butittakesaboutninetyminutestogettherebybus.A.HowmanyB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howfar答案：D。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离，所以应用howfar来提问。3.-_willittakeustogettherebybus?-Abouttwohours.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howquick答案：C。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问时间，所以应用howlong来提问。4.-Help!There

18、isasnakenearthehouse.-_afraid.Itwillgoawaylater.A.DontB.NotC.DontbeD.Be答案：C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是：“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”符合这一要求的只有C。【中考演练】一.单项填空1.-Excuseme,_isthenearestbookshop?-Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner.A.howB.whatC.whereD.who2.-_isitfromourschooltotheBellTower?-Abouthalfanhours

19、busride.Shallwegoandvisitit?A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howmuch3.-Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_?-No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB.hadntsheC.didsheD.didntshe4.-Theroomissodirty._wecleanit?-Ofcourse.A.WillB.WouldC.DoD.Shall5.-_,sir?-Size41,IthinkA.WhatsizedoyouneedB.WhatcanIdoforyouC.Howdoyoul

20、ikethisshirtD.Whatsthematterwithyou6.-_goodweather!Whynotgooutforawalk?A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa7.-Itsanicecar._haveyoubeeninit?-JusttoShanghai.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howfar8.-_totheUnitedStates?-No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB.HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Willyougo9.-_wereyouawa

21、yfromschoollastyear?-Abouttwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.When10.-_doyouwant?-IwantaCDofpopularsongs.A.WhichCDB.HowmanyCDsC.WhatCDD.Howmuch11._isyourmother,ateacheroradoctor?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.whose12.-_isyourmothertoday,Jim?-Sheismuchbetter.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Howold13.-_he_atthisschoollast

22、term?-Yes,Ithinkso.A.DidstudyB.DoesstudyC.WasstudyD.Didstudied14.-_didyoubegintolearnEnglish?-Threeyearsago.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhereD.What15.-_doyouwritetoyourpen-friend?-Onceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowfarD.Howoften16._niceflowers!Wheredidyoupickthem?A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa17.Thesickmansallowedtotakeaw

23、alkinthegardeneveryday,_?A.isheB.isntheC.hasheD.hasnthe18._crosstheroadbeforethetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.WontC.DontD.Doesnt19.Hefoundnothingintheroom,_?A.doesntheB.doesheC.didntheD.didhe20.Youhaventchangedyourmind,_?A.doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou21.Somestudentsthrowrubbisheverywhereinourschoo

24、l.TheymustitanymoreA.stopfromdoingB.stoptodoC.bestoppedfromdoingD.bestoppedtodo22.IknowMr.Whiteisveryangrywithme.Whatdoeshesay?Hesaysyouawayifyourelateagain.A.aresendingB.hasbeensentC.aregoingtosendD.willbesent23.Thisisthatallofusbelieveitsveryimportant.A.suchusefulinformationB.sousefulaninformation

25、C.sousefulinformationsD.suchausefulinformation24.Thehousecostthatwedidntbuyit.A.somanymoneyB.suchmuchmoneyC.somanymoneyD.somuchmoney25.Itwassodarkthatweseeanything.A.couldhardlyB.hardlycouldC.couldhardlynotD.couldnthardly26.Iwanttoknowifthereasportsmeetingnextmonth.IfitImustgetreadyforit.A.is;willho

26、ldB.willbe;isheldC.willbe;willbeheldD.willhave;hold27.Iwanttoknowhowlong.AhecamebackB.hehascomebackChehasbeenbackD.hecomesback28.Whentheygottothecinema,thefilmfortenminutes.AhadbegunBhasbegunCbeganDhadbeenon29.WheresMr.Allen?HetoLondon.Hetherefortwodays.Hebackinaweek.A.hasvisited;hasbeen;cameB.hasgo

27、ne;hasbeen;willcomeC.hasgone;willbe;cameD.hasbeen;willbe;willcome30.Intheexam,theyouare,mistakesyoullmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;thelessC.careful;fewD.morecareful;thefewer二.句型转换（按要求改写下列句子）1.Bruceboughtadictionaryyesterday.(改为否定句)Bruce_adictionaryyesterday.2.Mr.Smithdoesmorningexerciseseveryda

28、y.(改为一般疑问句)_Mr.Smith_morningexerciseseveryday?3.AllanwillgobacktoEnglandbyplanenextmonth.(就划线部分提问)_AllangobacktoEnglandnextmonth?4.Therearesomeapplesonthetable.(改为否定句)There_applesonthetable.5.Whensheseesyou,shewilltellyouthenews(就划线部分提问)_shetellyouthenews?6.UncleWanglikesmakingthings.(改写为否定句)UncleWa

29、ng_makingthings.7.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.(改为一般疑问句)_Ann_thebooktothelibraryyesterday?8.Ourcityisverybeautiful.(改为感叹句)_ourcityis!9.Hehasworkedinthisschoolforfiveyears.(就划线部分提问)_hasheworkedinthisschool?10.Bothofthemaremybestfriends.(改为否定句)_ofthem_mybestfriend.11.Theyarehappytoseeeachot

30、her.(改为感叹句)_theyaretoseeeachother!12.Theexambeginsatnine.(改为一般疑问句)_theexam_atnine?13.Hewasplayingbasketballatfouryesterdayafternoon.(就划线部分提问)_he_atfouryesterdayafternoon?14.Hehadnothingforbreakfast.(改为反意疑问句)Hehadnothingforbreakfast_?15.ShedoesntthinkIcansurfontheInternet.(改反意疑问句)ShedoesntthinkIcansu

31、rfontheInternet,_?16.Hesputthetreeinthehole?(改为一般疑问句)_he_thetreeinthehole?17.Howusefulthebookis!(改为陈述句)Itis_usefulbook.18.ThepopulationofAustraliaisabout19,500,000.(就划线部分提问)_populationofAustralia?19.Themeetingwillstartintenminutes.(就划线部分提问)_willthemeetingstart?20.Donttellhimtocometomyoffice.(改为肯定的祈使

32、句)_tocometomyoffice.21.Mrskingdoesthecleaningafterwork.(否定句MrsKingthecleaningafterwork.22.Thesurfersbothwonfirstprizeinthecitysurfingcompetition.(否定句)thesurferswonthefirstprizeinthecitycompetition.23.Youdbettergotoseehimoffattherailwaystation.(否定句)Youdbettertoseehimoffattherailwaystation24.Thegirlco

33、uldhardlyunderstandwhathesaid,_?(反意疑问句)25.Shesalreadycorrectedthemistakes,?(反意疑问句)26.Letsplaythepiano,?(反意疑问句)27.Theresnotimetogoshopping，?(反意疑问句28.TheBeijing2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinthreeyears(就划线部分提问)willtheBeijing2008OlympicGamesbeheld?29.Urumqiis3790kilometersfromWuhan.(就划线部分提问)_isUrumqifromW

34、uhan?30.Wehaveaclassmeetingonceaweek.(就划线部分提问)doyouhaveaclassmeeting?31.Youmustntmaketoomuchnoiseinclass.(祈使句)toomuchnoiseinclass!32.Ihaveseenanexcitingad.(感叹句)excitingadIhaveseen!33.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.(主动语态)ArecorderofteninourEnglishclass34.MissLishowedusapictureofthefeathereddino

35、saur.(被动语态)WeapictureofthefeathereddinosaurbyMissLi.35.Afterplantingthetreesyoushouldwaterthemoften(被动语态)Thetreesshouldoftenaftertheyareplanted.36.Theyoungwomanwasmadetomovehercarbythepoliceman.(主动语态)Thepolicemantheyoungwomanhercar.37.Mylittlebrotheraskedme“Doestheearthmovearoundthesun?”(复合句)Mylittl

36、ebrotheraskedme_theearth_aroundthesun.38.“Dontloseyourkey.”shesaidtoherson.(合并成简单句)Shetoldherson_losehiskey.39.Shedidntreachthetopofthemountain.Herbrotherdidntreachit,either.(合并成简单句)_she_herbrotherthetopofthemountain.40.Tommaybeontheteam,orJackmay.(简单句)_Tom_Jackmaybeontheteam.41.Imreadingabook.Thebo

37、okisaboutBillGates.(合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句)IamreadingabookaboutBillGates.42.Hecantcometoday.Ithink.（合成复合句）Ithinkhecometoday43.Johnlefttheclassroomafterhecleanedit.(用until改写此句)Johnleavetheclassroomhecleanedit.三、改写句子，使其与原句意思相同或相近，每空一词。1.Somethingiswrongwithmyradio.Illasksomeonetomenditatonce.Theressomethingw

38、rongwithmyradio.Ill_it_atonce.2.Sometimeshekeepsworkinganddoesnthaveanyrest.Sometimeshekeepsworking_.3.Takingexerciseoftencanmakeyouhealthy.Itsgood_your_totakeexerciseoften.4.Myfatherseemstobeveryangry._seemsthatmyfather_veryangry.5.Hurryup,andyoullbeontimefortheparty._you_hurry,youllbelateforthepar

39、ty.6.ComradeWuissocarelessthathecantdothejobwell.ComradeWuisnt_todothejobwell.7.WhatdoyouthinkofthecolourTVset?_doyou_thecolourTVset?8.Itselevenoclock.Hewillbebackattwelve.Hewillbeback_.9.Theboxistooheavyforustocarry.Theboxis_heavy_wecarryit.10.ThecolourTVsetcostme2800yuan.I2800yuanthecolourTVset.11

40、.Hespentthreedaysgoingoverhislessons.It_himthreedays_overhislessons.12.Shegotherethistimelastmonth.andsheisstillhere.Shehasbeenhere_.13.Jackgotupfifteenminutesago.Jack_forfifteenminutes.14.Hecamebackyesterdayafternoon.Igavehimthenoteatonce.Igavethenotetohim_hecamebackyesterday.15.Sheturnedontheradio

41、tomakethebabynotcryanymore.Sheturnedontheradioshecouldstopthebabycryinganymore.16.Theicecreamwillmelt,soyoudbetterputitinthefridgeatonce.Theicecreamwillmeltyouputitinthefridgeatonce.17.Bettylikestakingabustowork.Shelikestakinganundergroundtowokbetter.Bettytakinganundergroundtakingabustowork18.DoyouknowhowIcanfillintheform.Doyouknowhow_intheform?19.Tobepoliteisveryimportant.veryimportanttobepolite.20.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealo