《中考英语总复习》专题07 阅读理解-2020年中考英语冲刺精讲精练.docx

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1、专题07 阅读理解精讲阅读理解中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。一、阅读理解的考察内容1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要

2、求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，短语与短语之间的逻辑关系，5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。二、阅读理解答题方法和技巧 1获取段落的主旨和大意，找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首

3、先要学会寻找主题句。2猜测词义。猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。3确定细节和事实。在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易

4、一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。4做好推断？所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题很多，

5、包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种：（1）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。（2）指代推断：确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。（3）逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断 这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什

6、么样的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。精练阅读理解（一）After learning about these famous women, you will know you can do a lot for society, and make a difference to the world in your lifetime.A

7、melia Earhart(18971937)Amelia Earhart was the first woman who ever flew alone across the Atlantic in 1932. She became the first woman pilot in 1935 after flying from Hawaii to California. She began her lifelong dream of flying across the world in 1937. However, her flight went missing on that trip a

8、nd she was never seen again.Helena Rubinstein(18701965)Helena Rubinstein moved to Australia in 1902 without the ability to speak English. Later, she set up one of the world's first cosmetic (化妆品) companies after mixing lanolin, which is an oil that comes from sheep's wool, with flowers. Beca

9、use of that, she became the world's richest woman at that time.Katharine Hepburn(19072003)Katharine Hepburn was known for playing strongwilled women in her films. She won four Academy Awards(奥斯卡金像奖) for Best Actress, the most an actress has ever won. Her new dress style made wearing trousers acc

10、eptable to women, which wasn't allowed at that time.Emmeline Pankhurst(18581928)Emmeline was a great woman activist. She helped British women get the right to vote. She fought for the rights of women all the time with the help of her husband in the late 19th century and early 20th century. After

11、 she lost her husband, she worked together with her three daughters and formed The Women Social and Political Union.( )1. According to the passage, which word can best describe Amelia Earhart?A. Brave. B. Careful. C. Lucky. D. Energetic.( )2. What was the problem for Helena Rubinstein when she moved

12、 to Australia?来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。KA. She didn't have any money. B. She couldn't speak English.C. She knew nothing about business. D. She didn't know how to dress up.( )3. How many times did Katharine Hepburn win Academy Awards for Best Actress?A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times.

13、( )4. What did Emmeline Pankhurst fight for during her lifetime?A. Her dream to be a pilot. B. Women's rights in the UK.C. Women's rights in the USA. D. Her dream to be an actress.( )5. What do the four women above have in common?A. A creative mind. B. A warm heart.C. A pioneer spirit. D. A

14、good education.来源:Z|xx|k.C）Egg carving (蛋雕) is often called the most fragile (易碎的) art, as it requires great care before, during and even after the carving. Yu Wen, the granddaughter of a famous local painter in Dandong, Liaoning Province, has been practising egg carving for about 25 years.Yu has us

15、ed more than 10，000 eggs, and years of hard work has left many thick calluses (茧) on her hands. Sometimes she can't even hold chopsticks properly after a long day of holding the carving knife. But in Yu's opinion, the difficult process makes egg carving twice as exciting. “If you carve off t

16、oo much, the work is broken and there is no way to deal with it. That makes the sense of achievement even greater when you finish a piece，” said Yu.Yu's love for egg carving started with a local tradition. In northeast China, when a baby is born, friends and relatives often send eggs colored red

17、 as gifts, and some may carve auspicious(吉利的) words on them. The character “福” is a popular one to be carved onto eggs. Yu carves with not only popular characters or traditional patterns (图案), but also Peking Opera masks and wall paintings. Her egg carving is just as much about eggs as it is about C

18、hinese culture.Now Yu teaches egg carving at a local university. In recent years, she has seen more people coming from across the country to learn the art. “I hope I can better combine (结合) the art with traditional culture in the future，”Yu said.( )1. What is/are most needed during the process of ca

19、rving an egg?A. Much money. B. Colored eggs.C. Much attention. D. Carving knives.( )2. Yu Wen thinks egg carving is_A. boring B. exciting C. tiring D. uninteresting.( )3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “_”A. the work B. the process C. the culture D. the knife( )4. According to the

20、 passage, what does Yu Wen carve onto eggs?The baby's pictures. Traditional patterns. Peking Opera masks. Wall paintings.A. . B. . C. . D. .( )5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Yu Wen loves egg carving very much.B. Yu Wen works at a primary school now.C. Yu Wen started to carve eggs at th

21、e age of 25.D. There is something wrong with Yu Wen's hands.（三）“I am going to the store, Uncle Moti，” Mina said. “Do you want to come along? You have not seen much of the neighborhood yet.”Uncle shook his head, “No, thank you，” He said. “It is just too loud and crowded for me. Everyone is always

22、 on the go, while I am used to the peace and quiet of our village. I feel afraid out there, like a frightened(害怕的) child.” Mina sat on the sofa next to her uncle. “Tell me about the village, Uncle Moti，” She said. “Would I like it there？”Uncle laughed. “Without a doubt, you would find it dull at fir

23、stthe loudest sound is usually birdsong. The people I meet on the street are all people I know, and we stop and talk or go to the tea shop and have tea. There are not many shops, but the shopkeepers know all their customers. Everyone is friendly and has a smile for everyone else.”“Sounds really nice

24、，” Mina said. “But I think maybe it is not different in every way. I really wish you would come with me, and I could show you why I say that.” Uncle sighed and got up, saying, “All right, Mina. I will go.”Out on the street, cars zoomed by, some of them honking. Uncle looked very nervous at all the n

25、oise and activities, and Mina took his hand.“Look，” she said, “there is my friend Nate, and coming down the street is my teacher, Ms. Sanchez.” Mina waved to Nate, who wave back, and called hello to her teacher. Then she led her uncle down the street to the store, where she greeted the shopkeeper. “

26、Hi, Ms. Franklin, this is my uncle Moti, who has come here to live.”“Over here，” Mina took her uncle's arm and led him across the street. A sign over a door read “Navid's Tea Shop，” Uncle smiled. They went in and sat at a table. They ordered tea, and Uncle sighed happily.“Well, I see what yo

27、u were trying to show me，” he said. “This neighborhood is your village. Now it will be mine too. It has friends, kind shopkeepers, birds, and even a tea shop.”( )1. At first, Uncle Moti didn't want to go out with Mina because _A. he missed his family in the villageB. he felt very tired after a l

28、ong journeyC. he didn't get used to the life in Mina's neighborhoodD. people in Mina's neighborhood were unfriendly to him( )2. From the underlined sentences in the passage, we can infer(推断) that Mina is a _ girl.A. brave B. caring C. creative D. humorous( )3. The sentence “_” in the pas

29、sage shows that Mina's neighborhood and Uncle's village are similar.A. I feel afraid out there, like a frightened child.B. You would find it dull at firstthe loudest sound is usually birdsong.C. Out on the street, cars zoomed by, some of them honking.D. It has friends, kind shopkeepers, bird

30、s, and even a tea shop.( )4. The story suggests that Uncle Moti will probably _ later on.A. still feel frightened as beforeB. start to look for a job in a tea shopC. be willing to go out in Mina's neighborhoodD. tell people why he came to Mina's neighborhood（四）Aladdin climbed down the steps

31、and walked through the rooms Soon he found the lampHe picked it up and put it under his clothes Then he climbed back up the steps The man was waiting for himHe asked Aladdin to give the lamp to him But Aladdin didn't agree So the man became very angry He pushed the stone over the hole and return

32、ed to AfricaAladdin tried to push the stone out of the way， but he could not "No one knows I am here，" he thought "I shall die in here"For three days Aladdin was trapped in the hole On the third day， he looked at the ring on his finger "My uncle said， This will keep you from

33、 harm，'" he thought He turned it on his finger Immediately， a genie stood in front of him"I am the slave of the ring，" the genie said "What may I do for you？"Aladdin said， "Take me home"The next moment Aladdin was back at homeHe rested for many days The he said

34、 to his mother， "I found this lamp Perhaps you can sell it""I shall clean it first，" his mother said She began to clean the lamp Immediately， a different genie stood in front of her "I am the slave of the lamp，" the genie said "What may I do for you？""Bri

35、ng me food，" the mother saidThe next moment there was food in the tableAladdin and his mother asked the genie to bring them many things Soon they were the richest people in the town( )1.What did the man ask Aladdin to do？ A To put the ring onB To give him the lampC To go to Africa with himD To

36、stay in the hole( )2.Why couldn't Aladdin get out of the hole？ A Because the hole was too deepB Because he hurt his legC Because he hit his headD Because the stone was too heavy( )3.What does the underlined word "immediately" mean in English？ A right away B all right C by the way D at

37、last( )4.What did Aladdin's mother first ask for from the slave of the lamp？ A Gold B House C Food D Health( )5.Which of the following is the right order of what happened in the story？ a The man pushed the stone over the holeb The genie brought food for Aladdin's motherc Aladdin gave the lam

38、p to his motherd The genie helped Aladdin to go back homee Aladdin put the lamp under his clothesA eadcb B ecbadC cadeb D cbade（五）What might life be like if you looked very different from others？ Most of us are lucky to be born with "normal" faces But the movie Wonder（奇迹男孩） shows us that o

39、ne can still bring out the best in himself， although he looks very different with others or even uglyBased on a bestselling novel the movie is about a boy named Auggie He has a facial deformity（畸形） He has spent most of his life being homeschooled But when he enters his fifth grade， his parents decid

40、e to send him to a private school rather than study at home There， his classmates laugh at him because of his different or even ugly appearance Luckily， his family stand by him all the time and give him a lot of supportIn the USA， most kids are taught that it is OK to be different People don't l

41、ook down upon being special But some kids have difficulty accepting being special It is easy to pick on someone who is different， especially if you have your own problems to deal withAs Auggie's classmates get to know him better， they come to find that he's a nice and very clever kid with a

42、great sense of humor They start to change their views towards him Finally， Auggie won the respect， love and friendship in the school with his courage， cleverness and kindness In real life， it may take longer to see such changes happen But if we give people a chance， their hearts and minds may change

43、 in the end( )1.Which is NOT true about Auggie according to the second paragraph？ A He looks different from his classmatesB He has studied at home for many yearsC His family sends him to a private schoolD He learns to laugh at others at the new school( )2.Which of following can describe Auggie's

44、 school life at the very beginning？ A Happy B Hard C Exciting D Common( )3.Why does Auggie's classmates laugh at him？ A Because Auggie looks ugly on his appearanceB Because he is not as smart as his classmatesC Because he has never been in schoolD Because his family is very poor( )4.What can we

45、learn from the last paragraph？ A If the boy Auggie lives in real life， he will not be accepted by peopleB Auggie's classmates still don't want to make friends with him in the endC Auggie is very clever and has a sense of humor but dislikes talking to othersD It is very important for us to ha

46、ve the courage， cleverness， and kindness in life（六）Did you take part in a camp this summer? There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same. To choose which camp is best for you, first you must do a bit of research.Maybe you've never thought about it before, but every great summe

47、r camp has the same main goalsopportunity, challenge and growth.Opportunity means you are given a chance to do something special. It also makes you special because other kids don't have the same opportunity. For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism(

48、新闻)camp. You may have the opportunity of meeting famous journalists there.Challenge means you are given a task. You must finish the task and succeed in dealing with the challenge. Then you will have a sense of achievement. For example, you could take a lifeguard course at some summer camps. If you pass the exam, then you will receive a certificate(证书)to become a real lifeguard.