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1、命题趋势:代词是代替名词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用可分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。其中,反身代词、物主代词、不定代词和疑问代词是中考的高频考点。比如名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别,疑问代词含义区分,不定代词的正确选用,都是考查的重点。对于不同类型代词的相关知识的学习,既要全面又要有重点。中考考查重点:一、人称代词;二、物主代词;三、反身代词;四、指示代词;五、不定代词;六、相互代词;七、疑问代词。考向一:人称代词1. 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以
2、及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。The cat is small. It(此处代指第三人称单数 The dog)is Mary s.2. 分类:人称代词主格和人称代词宾格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit3. 用法(1)通常主格作主语(在句首,动词前)。 He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。(2)宾格作宾语(在动词或介词后)或作表语(在be动词后)。 Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗?(作宾语) Who is knocking at t
3、he door? 谁在敲门?Its me. 是我。(作表语)(3)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。 Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。(4)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。 I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。Me too. 我也喜欢。(5)人称代词并列时的排列顺序。人称代词单数并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称第三人称第一人称,即you, he/she/it and I(若是承担错误责任,第一人称应当先)。 It was I and John that made her angr
4、y. 是我和约翰使她生气了。复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称第二人称第三人称,即we, you and they。【2019 山东滨州中考】Jerry, is that boy with glasses _ new classmates?Yes. Lets say hello to _.A. our; heB. us; himC. ours; hisD. our; him【答案】D【解析】句意:杰瑞,那个戴眼镜的男孩是我们的新同学吗?是的。让我们向他问好。考查代词辨析。前句名词classmates需用形容词性物主代词修饰;us(我们)是人称代词宾格,ours(我们的)是名词性物主代词,
5、可排除BC两项。后句say hello to需接宾格代词,意思是向他问好;he(他)是人称代词主格,可排除A项。根据句意语境,可知选D。考向二:物主代词1. 定义:物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。2. 分类:单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis/her/ itsoursyourstheirs含义我的你的他的/她的/它的我们的你们的他(她,它)们的3. 用法(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能放在名词前作定语,后面一定要跟一个名词
6、。my book,your name,their hobbies 放在被拥有的物体名词前,指明事物的归属者。My book is on the desk. 我的书在桌子上。放在被拥有的事物名词前,表示事物与某人有某种联系。He is my younger brother. 他是我的弟弟。用于描述说话人对自己所做的事情或某人对某人自己所做的事情。She is brushing her teeth. 她正在刷牙。放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的施行者。 not long after our arrival 在我们到达后不久 放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的承受者。 Jim and his su
7、pporters 吉姆和他的支持者们 用于头衔 Your Majesty(陛下) Would Your Highness like a cup of tea? 阁下想要一杯茶吗?【注意】a. 形容词性物主代词的选择应根据事物的所有者的人称(第一、二、三人称)和数(单、复数)来确定。 b. 形容词性物主代词通常修饰有生命的事物,如 the door或the door of the room比its door更常见。c. 表示某物属于某人或某物,或者与某人某物有关可以用名词所有格或of +介词短语表示。(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,后面不能加名词,可单独使用,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。相当
8、于形容词性物主代词+名词。用于说明某事物与刚提及的事物类别相同,但属于其他人。Sarah s house is much bigger than ours. 萨拉的房子比我们的房子要大很多。常用于of引出的介词短语,表示所谈及的是群体中的一员。a friend of mine 我的一个朋友(表示许多朋友中的一个)【2019 河北省中考】My ruler is broken. Can I borrow_? Of course. Here it is.A. his
9、160; B. hers C. mine
10、0; D. yours【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性物主代词的辨析。通过下文回答当然可以了,给你。可知借得是你的,所以选D。考向三: 反身代词英语中用来表示我自己你自己他自己我们自己你们自己他/她/它们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He enjoyed himself in the wild. 他在野外玩得很开心。2. 作表语。It do
11、esn t matter. I ll be myself soon. 不要紧。我很快就会恢复好。3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,意为亲自。主要用于加强语气,可紧跟在被修饰名词后或句末。She herself went to the school. (=She went to the school herself.)(作主语同位语)You should ask the teacher himself. (作宾语同位语)4. 常用短语:by oneself 亲自;独自 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 teach oneself 自学反身代词用法口诀反身代词
12、莫乱用,能在句中宾、表、同;主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。单数反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, itself;复数反身代词:ourselves, yourselves, themselves。【2019 湖南省郴州市】Our teachers and parents will be proud of us because we have grown up and can be responsible for _.A. themselvesB. ourselvesC. yourselves【答案】B【解析】句意:我们的老师和家长会为我们感到骄傲,因为我们已经长大
13、了,能够为自己负责。A. themselves他们自己;B. ourselves我们自己;C. yourselves你自己。根据文中because we have grown up and can be responsible可知下文是说我们自己。根据题意,故选B。考向四:指示代词1. 定义:表示这个那个这些那些等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。指示代词用法例句this(these)用于指时间或空间上较近的事物Is this your pen?These are my books.that(those)用于指时间或空间上较远的事物That dictionary is Mary s.Are those
14、 your books?2. 用法指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。(1)that 和those代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。My seat is next to that of the mayor.(that=mayor s seat)我的座位在市长座位旁边。(2)this 或 that用来回指上文提到的事情,但若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this。She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。Who said that? 那是谁说的?I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点:她美吗?(3)在
15、打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用that指对方:Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?(4)指示代词this,that和these在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。【2019 江苏省连云港市】After the new high-speed railway line began operations, the time on the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is m
16、uch less than _ in the past.A. oneB. thisC. thatD. it【答案】C【解析】句意:在新的高铁线路开始运营之后,现在从连云港到青岛的旅程的时间比过去少了很多。A.one同类不同物;B. 这个;C. 代指the+不可数名词;D.代指上文中出现的同一个事物。根据句意可知,表示现在的时间比过去的时间少了很多。代指the time,time译为时间时是不可数名词,故选C。考向五:不定代词不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语
17、等。1. 不定代词的句法功能不定代词成分all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none在句中可作主语、宾语和表语every,no在句中只能作定语1. 不定代词的基本语法(1)some、any的用法用法例句some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可
18、数名词Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词)Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词)some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用anySome of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗?any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示任何If you have an
19、y questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示某一;any表示任何的Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法用法用于可数名词用于不可数名词表示肯定概念a few虽少,但有几个a little虽少,但有一点表示否
20、定概念few不多,几乎没有little不多,没有什么【知识拓展】1. 这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人去过北京。(主语)I know little about the book. 我几乎不知道这本书的内容。(宾语)There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。(定语)He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。(定语)2. a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示有点,稍微,little表示很少。I m a lit
21、tle hungry. 我有点俄。(修饰形容词hungry)Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. 玛丽,请走快一点儿。(修饰副词比较级)(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法用法例句other某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?others其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于some. others结构So
22、me are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。the other两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于one. the other.结构She has two sisters one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。the others其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。anothe
23、r另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示另几个,再几个You can see another ship in the sea, can t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法用法例句all侧重指三者或三者以上都,全部,一切,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;all于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定使用none。All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。Not all books are good.(= All boo
24、ks are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。【知识拓展】all作主语,指代人时,谓语动词使用复数形式,指代事情时,谓语动词一般使用单数;作同位语时,all在句中的位置与both相同。All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。both表示两者都,可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语;用于否定句表示部分否定,全部否定使用neither;both. and两者都,既又。They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球【知识拓展】bot
25、h作主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式;作主语的同位语时,位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。none意为没有人,没有一个,一点儿也没有,作主语和宾语,不作定语;none指代可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可,而指代不可数名词时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式。None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。【易错警示】none
26、与no one的区别:none既可指人,又可指物,而no one意为没有人,只能用于指人。作主语时,谓语用单数;none可以与of搭配,而no one无此用法;none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句,而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。How many students are there in the classroom now? 现在教室里有多少学生?None. 没有一个人。Who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室呢?No one. 没人。either表示两者中任何一个,可作主语、宾语和定语;either作主语时,谓语动词
27、应使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了,而且都受欢迎。【知识拓展】(1)either可用于搭配either. or.,意为或者或者;要么要么。Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。(2)either可作为副词,意为也,用于否定句的句末。He won t go and I won t go either. 他不去,我也不去。ne
28、ither意为两者都不,可作主语、宾语和定语;neither. nor.既不也不。Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。【易错警示】neither作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。(5)复合不定代词的用法由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。用法例句复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语
29、、宾语或表语Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情There s always somebody at home in t
30、he evenings. 晚上总有人在家。Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?【易错警示】every day与everyday的区别:1. every day是名词短语,在句中充当状语,修饰整个句子。I finish my homework before 9 every day. 我每天九点前完成作业。2. everyday是形容词,在句中充当定语,修饰名词。Everyday work makes me bored. 每天的工作让我很烦。【2019 贵州省安顺市】Where would you like to
31、 go tomorrow, Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace?_ is OK for me. Its up to you.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. All【答案】A【解析】句意:明天你想去哪里,黄果树瀑布还是龙宫?这两个地方哪个都可以。这取决于你。考查不定代词。A. Either(两者中)任何一个;B. Neither两者都不;C. Both两者都;D. All(三者及以上)都。根据上文Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace和Its up to you可知这两个地方哪个都可以。所以
32、选A。考向六:疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。它们一般位于句首。疑问代词包括who、whose、whom、what、which。代词用法例句Who表示谁,可以指代单数和复数名词,在句中作主语、宾语或表语Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?Whom表示谁,可以指代单数和复数。whom只能作动词的宾语或介词的宾语,不直接跟在介词后时可用who替换,位于介词后作介词宾语时只能用whomTo whom you were talking just now? 你刚才和谁说话呢?Whom/Who did you often play with when you were a
33、child? 小时候你经常和谁玩?Whose表示谁的,既可置于名词前作定语,也可单独使用,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语或表语Whose iPad is this? 这是谁的iPad? (定语)Whose is this iPad? 这个iPad是谁的? (表语)Which表示哪一个(些),既可指人也可指物,可指可数名词单、复数,也可指不可数名词,在句中常作主语、宾语或定语Which animal do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种动物?Which is cheaper, this printer or that one? 这台打印机和那台打印机,哪台更便宜?what表示什么,可单独
34、使用,也可放在名词前,既可以指代或修饰不可数名词,也可以指代或修饰可数名词的单、复数。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语What makes you love your hometown so much? 是什么使你这么热爱你的家乡?【易错警示】which和what的用法辨析用which提问,指在相当数目的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定的范围内;用what提问,不限制范围。 Which do you like, rice or meat? 你喜欢什么,米饭还是肉? What do you like? 你喜欢什么?【知识拓展】 what的常见用法1. 用于询问职业:What be+主语?或What
35、do/does/did+主语+ do? What does your father do?=What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?2. 用于询问天气或品行:What be+主语+like? What s the weather like? 天气怎么样?3. 用于询问外貌、长相:What do/does/did+主语+look like? What does she look like? 她长什么样?4. 征求对方的意见:What about .? What about going out for a movie? 出去看电影怎么样? _ are you going to
36、buy for your father for Father s Day?A T-shirt.A. WhatB. WhenC. WhereD. How【答案】A【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处要填的疑问词作动词buy的宾语,选项中只有A项可以作宾语。故选A。1. Have you found your lost mobile phone?No, I havent found _, but I bought _ this morning.A. one;thatB. that;oneC. it;oneD. one;it2. She got up to get some sleeping pills
37、but found there was _ left at home.A. nothingB. noneC. somethingD. nobody3. Mike, wheres todays newspaper?Well, you dont need to read it because there is _ in it.A. something interestingB. nothing specialC. important thingD. anything new4. Lets go to see a film this weekend, can we go on Saturday or
38、 Sunday?_ is OK. I m not free at weekends.A. NeitherB. EitherC. EveryD. Each5. The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in _ is very important.A. themselvesB. itselfC. ourselvesD. yourselves6. My dad is my role model. I learn a lot from _.A. itB. himC. herD. them1. (2019 甘肃省兰州市)Frank is
39、a friend of _. He is a scientist from Canada.A. myB. IC. meD. mine2. (2019 甘肃省武威市)Sunnys uncle is a teacher. _ enjoys staying with kids.A. HeB. SheC. ItD. I3. (2019 重庆市中考A卷)Their plants dont grow very well, but _ look really good.A. weB. our C. oursD. ourselves4. (2019 湖北省襄阳市) Is this Mikes dictiona
40、ry?No, its mine. The thick one on the desk is _.A. hisB. yoursC. hersD. theirs5. (2019 湖南省益阳市)Jeff, is this _ notebook?No, its not _. Maybe its Marys.A. your, myB. your, mineC. yours, me6. (2019 江苏省南京市)Last month the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the "Ten Years of Growth Cerem
41、ony" to celebrate _ 10th birthday together. A. theyB. theirC. themD. theirs7. (2019 新疆维吾尔自治区)Whose card is this?It is _. My brother Tom gave it to me on my birthday.A. myB. hersC. oursD. mine8. (2019 湖南省长沙市)So sorry, I took your school T-shirt by mistake. But where is _?Dont worry. Let me help
42、you find it.A. yoursB. hisC. mine9. (2019 广西省百色市)They won the basketball match yesterday. Great! We are so proud of _. A. theyB. themC. theirD. theirs10.(2019 四川省乐山市)Can you kick the ball to _ end of the football field?Its hard for me. I think few goalkeepers can make it.A. another B. the other C. o
43、ther11. (2019 湖北省随州市)Do you like rock music or light music? _. I like pop music.A. BothB. NoneC. NeitherD. Either12. (2019 湖北省鄂州市)I tried several ways to work out the math problem, but _ of them worked.Never give up. I believe youll make it.A. allB. eachC. noneD. neither13. (2019 贵州省安顺市)Is there _ i
44、n todays morning news on CCTV-1?Yes, France Team beat Korea Team by 4:0 in the 8th FIFA Womens World Cup in France _ June 8, 2019.A. anything special, onB. something special, inC. special something, onD. anything special, in14. (2019 河南省中考)When times are difficult, tell that pain is part of growing.
45、A. youB. yourself C. your D. yours15. (2019 四川省南充市)Excuse me, Id like to buy a birthday gift for my son.We have different kinds of new toys for boys. You can choose _ for your son.A. thatB. one C. it D. either16. (2019 湖北省孝感市)I have a lovely pet cat. _ name is Lazy.A. ItB. ThisC. ItsD. She1. (重庆市2019届九年级下学期第三次阶段考试)The Little Prince is _ favorite book.A. heB. hisC. himD. himself
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