《中考英语总复习》考点10 情态动词-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过.doc
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1、考点十 情态动词命题趋势:情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。在备战2020年中考时,考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点:1. 情态动词的意义;2. 情态动词的基本句型;3. 情态动词的基本用法。情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力,意为能,会I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。表示许可时,意为可以,能够,相当于mayShe said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑
2、。用于推测,表示可能性,意为可能,could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句The man cant be our teacher he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。There is someone outside who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢?【知识拓展】1. can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, .can;否定回答用No, .cant。Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/No, I cant 不,我不会。2. can,could和be abl
3、e to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。may/might表示允许或许可,意为可以May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗?表示征询许可时,might比may的
4、语气委婉Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。用于表推测时,是可能,或许之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句He may be wrong, but Im not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。【知识拓展】1. may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, .may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, .cant/mustn
5、t。Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you cant/mustnt. 不,不可以。2. 用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,maynot/might not意为可能不,而cant/couldnt意为不可能。The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。It cant/couldnt be our headmaster. He has gone to America.
6、那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。must表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。mustnt表示禁止,意为千万不要,禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告You mustnt play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为想必,一定,否定句中用cant/couldnt来代替This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。【知识拓展】1.
7、 must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, .must.;否定回答为No, .neednt./No, .dont have to.Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗?Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you dont have to. /No, you neednt. 不,你不必。2. must和have to的区别:用must表示必须的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有不得不的意思。We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。You
8、 are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。用must表示必须,只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的必须,就要用have to的相应形式。You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。will表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为愿意If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。用
9、于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗?表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常译为总是Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。would作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为愿意He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向Their English teacher would te
10、ll them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? 【知识拓展】would like意为愿意,想要;would like/love to do sth 意为愿意/想要做某事;would like sb to do sth意为想要某人做某事。Would you like a cup of tea? 你想
11、喝杯茶吗?Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗?I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。shall用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着,可以让他进来吗,先生?用于第二、三人称陈述句时,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等Yon shall fail if you dont work har
12、d. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。shouldshall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。表示义务,职责时,意为应当,应该,往往表示说话者的观点表示惊讶、遗憾等,意为竟然,居然need表示需要,必须,多用于疑问句和否定句Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?You neednt come so early. 你不必来这么早。【知识拓展】need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, . must.;否定回答为No, .
13、 neednt.Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he neednt. 不,他不需要。have to表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式dont have to意为不必(=neednt)My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。I havent got any money with me, so Ill hav
14、e to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。She went to Hangzhou by train last night. She _ be at home now.A. must notB. may notC. cant【答案】C【解析】情态动词表示推侧,由前句她去了杭州可知,此处表示她不可能在家,故用cant表示否定推测。1.(2019 山东省滨州市)Mum, its too hot. _ I swim in the lake? No, you _. Thats too dangerous! A. Should; cantB. Ne
15、ed; mustntC. Must; needntD. Could; mustnt2.(2019 湖南省郴州市)May I take the magazine out of the reading room? No, you _. Please read it here A. mustntB. wouldnt C. neednt3.(2019 甘肃省敦煌市)Whose cap is this? Is it Cindys? It _ be hers. Dont you remember she even didnt come
16、to the party? A. cantB. mightC. may notD. must4.(2019 江苏省淮安)Will you stay here for dinner with us? Sorry, I _. My mother is waiting for me at home. A. mustntB. cantC. needntD. couldnt5.(2019 甘肃省兰州市)The magazine _ Lucys. We can see her name on the cover. A. mustnt beB. cant beC. must b
17、eD. neednt be6.(2019 乐山市)Where is Monica? I cant find her anywhere. She _ be in the library. She loves reading books when she is free. A. mustB. needC. cant7.(2019 江苏省连云港市)According to the notice, guests at this hotel _ use the sports center at no extra cost. A. canB. shouldC. mustD. need8.(2019 临沂市
18、)Ants are pretty small. You might think that they _ be rather weak. But what you might not know is that ants are actually very strong for their size. A. needB. cantC. must9.(2019 四川省南充市)Mum, may I play computer games this evening? No way, you _ finish your homework. A. canB. mustC. mayD. will10.(201
19、9 山东省青岛市)As middle school students, we _ follow the public rules wherever we go. A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could11.(2019 江苏省苏州市)Some people dont show their talents at the very beginning. I agree. Even Einstein _ read until he was seven. A. cantB. mustntC. couldntD. neednt12.(2019 泰州市)This task is
20、really beyond me. Well, if you _ solve it, you wont get paid. A. cantB. needntC. mustntD. shouldnt13.(2019 温州市)We dont allow taking magazines out, but you _ copy the article you need on the machine over there. A. canB. mustC. shouldD. would14.(2019 湖北省武汉市)Try this soup you _ like it, Wow! This is de
21、licious! A. mustB. willC. shallD. can15.(2019 湖北省孝感市)May I join the art club, Dad? If you have interest, you _. A. shouldB. canC. have toD. must16.(2019 江苏省宿迁市)Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin? You _ go if you have finished your homework. A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can17.(2019 北京)Lily, _ yo
22、u finish the letter in ten minutes? Yes, I can. A. must B. should C. need D. can18.(2019 广东省)Dirty air and water are harmful. They _ kill plants, and even people. A. can B. cantC. shouldD. shouldnt19.(2019 河南)Jerry didnt pay me back, but he promised that he _ this Sunday. A. mustB. couldC. wouldD. s
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