《中考英语总复习》考点49 词汇运用-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过.doc

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1、命题预测：词汇是学习英语的基础，也是中考的高频考点之一。近几年来，许多省市的中考英语都非常重视考查考生在具体语境中运用词汇的能力。1. 命题特点：主要考查一些高频词汇（如名词、动词、形容词等）；考查各类词形变化；考查六种时态的正确运用。2. 考查题型：（1）根据汉语提示完成句子；（2）用所给词的适当形式填空；（3）根据首字母提示完成句子；（4）选词填空。3. 题型分析：词语运用题主要考查学生对于不同语境下英语词形的掌握情况，如对于名词要考虑单数、复数、所有格等形式；对于动词要考查人称、时态、单复数、语态以及非谓语动词等形式；对于代词，要考查代词的各种形式；对于形容词或副词，应注意比较等级的变化

2、；对于修饰语，要注意用形容词修饰名词或代词，用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；这一题型还常考查近义词的辨析。4. 考点预测：我们要认识到题型是在变化的，我们的答题策略也应随之调整，但主要的考查内容是万变不离其宗，就是对英语基础知识和词语运用能力的考查。预计2019年中考将会加大对各类词汇的灵活运用及单词拼写能力的考查。解题策略：词语运用之解题策咯 要做好词语运用题要求我们除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需要掌握一定的解题技巧。1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于做试题，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，同时对词义做初步的理解。2. 通读句子，语意完整、实用、合乎逻辑

3、是做好填词的前提。通过理解句子语境，注意发现固定搭配关系，积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要填出相应单词或短语的正确形式。3. 在填词过程中，需要深思熟虑，既要符合句子的含义，又要保证句式、结构的正确。例如，当选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或所有格形式。在遇到动词时，要有意识的去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化等等。为了便于记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，名词单复数要牢记，还有s不能弃，动词注意要变形，形副注意变三级，要填数词请留意，千万别忘基和序，填入代词需慎重，五格变化要谨记。4. 完成填词后，应通读句子，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态语

4、态惯用法的错误，以确保答案的正确性。词语运用是对学生的书面语言的基本功的考查，它不仅考查学生对单词的记忆能力，而且也考查学生对句子和特定语境中单词的正确形式的掌握。分析近几年的中考题型可以看出考查形式主要有单词拼写、词形转换、词语理解等。这一题型一般在中考中占5%10%的分值。词语运用之解题注意事项下面就中考常见的四种题型分布详细阐述一下各个题型的做题策略和需要注意的地方。一、根据汉语提示完成句子。1. 首先要正确写出句子中所给汉语所对应的英语单词。2. 若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思，则要根据具体语境及固定搭配进行取舍。3. 然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词，就要注

5、意用名词的单数还是复数；若填写的是形容词、副词，就要注意是否需要用比较级和最高级的形式；如果是动词，就要注意它们的时态、语态等。二、用所给词的适当形式填空。该题型旨在考查考生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力，通常所采用的解题步骤为：明确所给词的词性弄清所给句子的意思确定空白处所需的词性正确写出所填的词。具体操作方法如下：首先，要认真阅读句子，正确理解句意。其次，要分析应填词在句中充当的句子成分，正确判断应填词的词性。再次，要判断所填词应采用的正确词性。若为名词，应注意其单复数、可数还是不可数及其所有格形式；若为动词，应注意其人称、数、时态、语态及非谓语动词形式；若为修饰语，应注意修饰名词或代

6、词时用形容词，而修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句时要用副词；若为代词，注意代词的各种形式；若为形容词、副词，应注意等级变化；若为数词，要注意基数词与序数词的正确选择。三、按照首字母提示完成句子。1. 读懂句意，确定单词。所缺的单词一定是句中的关键词，一般多为名词或动词等实词。 2. 瞻前顾后，确定形式。3. 检查所填单词的形式以及语法结构是否正确。四、根据语境或句意，从方框中选词或短语填空。该题型通常所采用的解题步骤为：明确所给词组或短语的含义弄清所给句子的意思确定空白处所需的单词或短语的意思正确选出所填的词或短语。1. 首先要正确写出句子中所给的汉语所对应的英语单词。2. 若有两个以上的词汇符合

7、所给的汉语意思，则要根据具体语境及固定搭配进行取舍。3. 然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词，就要注意用名词的单数还是复数；若填写的是形容词、副词，就要注意是否需要用比较级和最高级的形式；如果是动词，就要注意它们的时态、语态等。（一）根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英语句子。1. 在公共场合我们应该有礼貌。We _ in public.2. 现在中国富强了，我们为祖国而骄傲。Now China is rich and strong. We _ our country.3. 请注意你的发音。Pay attention to _, please.4. 这架飞机模型是由木头制

8、成的。The model plane _.5. 这个笔记本肯定是属于玛丽的，上面有她的名字。The notebook must _ because it has her name on it.（二）根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每个空格填一个单词。1. 我们应该独立完成作业。We should_ our_ by ourselves. 2. 你介意在公共场合压低你的声音吗？Would you mind _ _ your voice in public? 3. 你所使用的表达方式取决于你的说话对象或者你跟他们的熟悉程度。The expressions you use might _ _ whom yo

9、u are talking to or how well you know them.4. 我国政府已经逐步允许一些家庭拥有第二个孩子。Our government has already _ some families to have a second child _.5. 中国电信将会为它的客户提供4G服务。4G service will_ _ for its guests by China Telecom. （三）根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每个空格填一个单词。1. 我们为李娜感到骄傲。We _ _ _of Li Na.2. 喊破嗓子不如甩开膀子。Talking the talk _ no

10、t as _ as walking the walk.3. 瓦哈格 西蒙恩获得第三届北京国际电影节最佳男配角奖。The Beijing Film Festival Award for Best _ _ was given to Vahagn Simonyan on April 23, 2013.4. 将来这里将要建一所新学校。A new school _ _ _ in the future. （四）根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每个空格填一个单词。1. 好好照顾老人是我们的职责。Its our duty to _ good _ of the old man.2. 我们可以从运动员身上学习到处理压力

11、的办法。We can learn how to _ _ pressure(压力) from players.3. 昨天班会上很多同学都抱怨无法与父母沟通思想。Many of my classmates _ about not being able to _ with their parents during the class meeting yesterday.4. 所有的明星都受到了年轻人的仰慕。All the stars _ _ up to by the young.5. 有些人认为岩石能阻止生病。Some people think the rocks can _ people _ be

12、coming ill.一、【2019 鄂州市】46. The _（死亡）of my dog made me sad.50. Chinese parents try their best _（提供）a good environment for their children.（二）【2019 鄂州市】 根据括号内的英语或汉语提示，完成句子。47. A hen on my farm _(lay) a green egg yesterday.48. No matter what happens, believe in _ (you), boys and girls.49. A Chinese fath

13、er made some nice dresses for his daughter with his _ (wife) old shirts51. The _ (careful) you work, the fewer mistakes youll make.52. There are some boys _ (swim) in the river now. Its very dangerous.53. Cathy and Linda _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years.54. Look! The Browns _ (eat) su

14、pper in the kitchen.（三）【2019 浙江省杭州市】 根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在答题纸上按题号写出各单词的正确、完全形式（每空限填一词）。46. Im very hungry. I havent e_ anything since 7:00 this morning.47. His team had lost the game because of him. He felt like there was a heavy w_ on his shoulders as he walked home alone.48. A d_ is a conversation betwe

15、en two people in a book, film or play.49. Judy is good-looking, but I think she looks much p_ with long hair than with short hair.50. Growing vegetables looks easy, but a_ it takes a lot of learning.51. Hearing the funny story, all the students began to l_ loudly.52. The doctor told the patient to t

16、ake the m_ three times a day.53. J_ 1st is Childrens Day.54. She is nineteen, and next year she is going to celebrate her t_ birthday.55. It takes me 45 m_ to get to school by bike every morning.（四）【2019 浙江省绍兴市】 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次（每空一词）。 aloud lock behave their low（1）Make sure the door is _ when

17、 you leave the room. （2）It's so cold today. The temperature may be the _ this winter. （3）The pain in his leg made him cry _. （4）Mary always _ so well that everyone likes her. （5）When our washing machine broke, our neighbors let us use _. （五）【2019 湖北省武汉市】仔细阅读下面五个句子，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使每个句子在结构、句义和

18、逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有一个单词或短语是多余的。） brought work out interesting try out left bright46. Our hometown has _ many soft and sweet memories in our heart.47. They are seen as _ symbols of happiness and good wishes.48. Mary decided to _ for a job at an after-school reading program last year,49. We usually plan to

19、 do something_, or go somewhere together.50. Although the storm broke many things apart, it _ families and neighbors closer together.（六）（2018 四川宜宾中考）完成句子根据中文意思完成英语句子，每空一词。51. 在许多国家，朋友们第一次见面时都应该握手。In many countries, friends are _ shake hands when they meet for the first time.52. 曼迪和苏珊都不喜欢这本书。_ Mandy

20、_ Susan likes this book.53. 在科学家们的努力下，中国已经能够制造像 C919 这样的大飞机。With scientists great efforts, China has_ to make big planes like C919.54. 为了实现中国梦，我们必须努力学习和工作。_ to achieve our Chinese Dream, we must study and work hard.55. 2018 年世界杯就要到来了。你对足球感兴趣吗？Are you _ World Cup 2018 which is coming soon?（七）（2018 浙江

21、金华中考）用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次Canada influence our season throw away31. Which _ do you like better, spring or autumn?32. Our new English teacher comes from a small _ town.33. To everyones surprise, their plan sounded similar to _.34. Before we _ rubbish, we usually divide it into different groups.35. P

22、arents should know that very often they _ their children in many ways.（八）（2018 甘肃白银中考）按括号内要求转换下列句型。91. The sweater is 20 dollars. (对画线部分提问)_ _ is the sweater?92. Could you please be there at 5:00? (改为祈使句) _ _ at 5:00, please!93. Hows the weather today? (改为同义句)_ the weather _ today?94. At first, he d

23、idnt know what he could do in the new group. (改为简单句)At first, he didnt know _ _ do in the new group.95. This volleyball must belong to Carla. (改为否定句).This volleyball _ _Carlas.（九）（2018 河北中考）连词成句，将所给词语连成句子，标点已给出。要求：符合语法，句通顺，大小写正确，词语不得重复使用。51. it,outside, hot, is_?52. on time, to, remember, arrive_.53

24、. for lunch, we, what, do, have_?54. a cup of, Lucy, me, tea, brought_.55. your, beautiful, are, how, kites_!（十）（2018 湖北荆州中考）根据汉语提示。用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。51. Dont _ alone on weekends. 周末不要独自外出。(go)52. It _ a mountain on snowy days. 在雪天里登山是很危险的。(be)53. Tommy _ the dog and broke his front teeth. 汤米被那只狗绊了一跤，

25、磕断了门牙。(fall)54. Factories _ pouring polluted water into river and lakes, 必须阻止工厂向江河湖泊排放污水。( prevent)55. He always asks me _ my homework. 他总是问我作业做完了没有。( finish)（十一）（2017 四川南充）根据各句句意及汉语提示写出单词(每空限填一词)。1. Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. We are very _ (自豪的)of her.2. I read English aloud every morning t

26、o improve my _ (发音).3. September is the _ (第九)month of a year.4. We shouldnt take these game shows too _ (严肃地)while watching them.5. Tom and Peter are good friends. They can talk about and _ (分享)everything. （十二）（2017 安徽）根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1. For a w (明智的) man, a mistake is a lesson.2. M

27、y fathers T-shirt has completely lost its s (形状).3. Look! The boys are k (踢) the ball around in the yard.4. An old man began to collect rubbish along the river b (岸) years ago.5. Please follow the rules. Dont t (触碰) the photos in the museum.（十三）（2017 山东枣庄）汉译英。必须用上所提供的单词或短语。1. 知道如何有礼貌的要求帮助是重要的。（ask f

28、or）2. 昨天那则好消息使我们都高兴。（please）3. 他可能是科学家。（maybe）4. 我过去常常害羞。（used to）5. 一星期前，我向我同学借了一本书。（borrow.from.）（十四）（2017 上海中考）Complete the following sentences as required（根据所给要求完成句子。每空格限填一词）1. The invention of smart phones changed the world in many ways.（改为一般疑问句） _ the invention of smart phones _ the world in m

29、any ways?2. That amusement park has lots of tourists during the holiday.（就划线部分提问） _ _ that amusement park have lots of tourist?3. The local government organizes the film festival every autumn.（改为被动语态） The film festival _ _ by the local government every autumn.4. Shared-bikes are very popular in some

30、 big cities.（改为感叹句） _ _ shared-bikes are in some big cities!5. Have you ever been in a hot air balloon? Melissa asked her mom.（改为宾语从句） Melissa asked her mom _ she _ ever been in a hot air balloon.6. PM 2.5 does harm to peoples health and the environment.（保持句意基本不变） PM 2.5 is _ _ peoples health and th

31、e environment.7. enables, various information, the Internet, to collect, teenagers（连词成句） _（一）（2016 江苏无锡惠山区九年级下期模拟考试）单词拼写。1. Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. Its hard to imagine she is already in her _ (五十). 2. Thank you for giving me some useful _ (建议). Its of great value to me. 3. Though money

32、isnt everything, it still _ (要紧) a lot to the poor. 4. _ (以、凭借）his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions. （二）（2016 陕西师范大学附中初三第四次模拟考试）根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。1. 近几年来，我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have _ in our city in the last few years. 2. 现在用手机发红包越来越流行。Now sending red envelopes wit

33、h phones is _. 3. 他总是利用他的空闲时间照顾那位老人。He always spends his free time _ that old man. 4. 这首歌使我想起了我的好朋友。This song _ my best friend. 5. 许多人在那场地震中丧生了。Many people _ in that earthquake.（三）（2016 江苏清江中学九年级上学期期中）完成句子。1. 当你需要力量时，红色对你有一些帮助，并且使你更容易采取行动。When you require strength, red will be _ to you and _ for you

34、 to take action. 2. 我告诉她不要那个在意总嘲笑她的同学。I tell her to _ the student who always _ her. 3. 妈妈告诉我这个周末除了在家复习所学知识，别无选择。Mum told me that I would _ but _ what Ive learned this weekend. 4. 他参加了大学选拔，并且成功进入了他理想中的大学。He _ the university and _ going to his ideal university. 5. 人们高度赞扬了谭盾的音乐，认为它具有持久的价值。People _ Tans

35、 music and think it has _. （四）（2016 重庆江津中学九年级下期第一阶段考试）按要求完成句子。1. The T-shirt cost me five dollars. (改为一般疑问句)_ the T-shirt _ you five dollars?2. Linda usually learns English by studying with a group. (对划线部分提问)_ _ Linda usually learn English?3. Jack wonders where he can get some magazines.（改为同义句）Jack

36、wonders _ _ get some magazines.4. 这个女孩年龄太小不能自己穿衣。 （完成译句）The girl is _ young _ dress herself.5. 王老师在课堂上大声讲话是为了让她自己被学生们听见。（完成译句）Mrs. Wang speaks in class in order to _ herself _ by the students.（五）（2016 四川雅安中学九年级10月月考）填单词。1. A lot of people have been _ (死) for years, but they are remembered forever.2.

37、 Japan is made up of several _ (岛屿).3. You can go there in any season _ (除了) winter.4. He got used to _ (收到) letters from his relatives.5. Finally he _ (意识到) that he failed in the exam.（六）（安徽省蚌埠市经济开发区2018届九年级上学期期中考试）根据句意完成已给出首字母或汉语提示的单词，使补全后的句子意思通顺，语法正确。1. You can use the _(剪刀) to cut the paper.2. C

38、an you tell me _(确切的) what the story is?3. There are two _(警卫) in our school every day.4. Mary won the first prize in the school competition. She is the _(骄傲) of our class.5. Tinas mother _(对待) her as a boy.（七）（湖北省长阳县龙舟坪中学2018届九年级上学期期中考试）根据所给汉语和提示词完成下列句子。1. 有些狗就是不知道怎样玩乐。Some dogs just dont know _.2.

39、 我住得离学校很远。I live _.3. 下课后，我们经常在一起聊天或是在操场上玩。After class, we often _ or _.4. 早操有助于我们为一天做好准备。_ help us _ the day.5. 让这位学生带你参观一下校园吧。_ the school.【跟踪训练】（一）1. should be polite【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是应该有礼貌的表达。在英语中，应该可用情态动词should。有礼貌应用形容词，表达为：be polite。综合上述，故译为：should be polite。2. are proud of【解析】这里考查的是为感到骄

40、傲的表达。在英语中，为感到骄傲可表达为：be proud of。由于这里主语为非第三人称单数，故译为：are proud of。3. your pronunciation【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是你的发音的表达，即形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故译为：your pronunciation。4. was made of wood【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是由制成的的表达。在英语中，由制成的为固定短语，应表达为：be made of。这里时态可用一般过去时，故译为：was made of wood。5. belong to Mary【解析】根据语境并结合汉语提示可知，这里考查的是属于某人的的表达。在英语中，属于某人的应表达为：belong to sb.。故译为：belong to Mary。（二）1. do；homework【解析】句意：我们应该独立完成作业。考查固定短语：do ones homework写作业。故填：do；homework。2. keeping down【解析】句意：你介意在公共场合压