《中考英语总复习》秘籍02 介词和介词短语-2021年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）.doc

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1、秘笈02 介词和介词短语介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 介词辨析；2. 介词短语辨析。介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。考向1 时间介词表示时间的介词如下： 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on 表示时间的前后用before, after 表示期限等用by, until, till 表示期间等用for, during, through 表示时间的起

2、点等用from, since 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, inat用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时at times偶尔，有时at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后 We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一

3、时，一律用on）on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天 on time准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 We didn t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。in用于表示周、月

4、、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年 in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季 in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季 in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上 in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻 The pla

5、ne took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。 Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）before在之前 Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这

6、儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。after在之后 Lets sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。by, until/till by 在前（时间）；截止（到） How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走

7、了。 by the end of在底（之前） by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在之前 until/till知道为止（时间） We didn t begin to watch TV until/till nine o clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。for, during, through for达之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。during在期间through一直（

8、从开始到结束）He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。from, since from从起（时间）表

9、示从开始时，一般都是用词组from.to.，而单纯表示确切的从几点开始时用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。since自从以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在）The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从

10、句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。in, within in过后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。within不超过的范围 within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.

11、我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。考向2 表示场所、方向的介词（1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所）at school上学 at home在家stand at the door站在门边at a factory在一家工厂at the bottom of在下面 at the party在聚会上at the end of在末尾 at the tab

12、le在桌旁at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站I ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。She was born in China.她是在中国出生的

13、。on, above, over, under, belowon在上面，有接触面。on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。on在靠近的地方on the right在右边on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边on the farm在农场on the floor在地板上on the island/beach在岛上/海滨on the pavement在人行道上above在上方Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。over在正上方，是under的反义词 There is a light over Li

14、 Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。under在下面；在之内under the table桌子下面under the jacket在夹克内The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。near, by near近的，不远的near=not far，是fa

15、r的反义词。near还可以指时间。in the near future在不久的将来Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？by在旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边by me在我旁边The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 between, among, aroundbetween在两者之间My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 What s the difference between A

16、 and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在周围，在四周 We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 in front of，behind，opposite in front of早的前面；在的前部 There is a

17、 tree in front of the house. There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在后面 behind是in front of的反义词 There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在对面 Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。

18、 He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 in, into, out of, up in在之内，用于表示静止的位置 The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向The students rushed out of the roo

19、m.学生们冲出房间。out of的基本含义：从到外面，离开；在范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 along, across, past, through along沿着 I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。across横过I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。past经过Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。

20、through贯穿，通过The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 to, from, for 单词含义例句to到达地点（目的地）或方向He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。from从地点起leaver for动身去 start for出发去 I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。for表示目的地，向 for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。It s about ten minute

21、s walk from here to the cinema. 从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。考向3 其他介词（介词除了可以表示时间、场所以外，有些也可以表示手段材料等。） （1）表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by with和在一起 Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？with具有、带有 He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。with用某种工具或办法 Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。He wrote the

22、letter with a new pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。with one s help在某人的帮助下With the teacher s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等），或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用with，而用in。she wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写信。Don t write it in pencil but in ink. 别用铅笔写，用钢笔（水）写。Can you speak in English? 你能用英语说吗？by通过

23、方法、手段by+交通工具的词组：by bicycle骑自行车by train坐火车by plane/by air坐飞机by taxi坐出租车by car坐小汽车by ship坐船by bus坐公共汽车 （2）of, fromof（属于）的；表示的数量或种类This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗？from来自（某地、某人）；以起始（时间或地点）I m from Nanjing.我是南京人。 We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。（

24、3）without, like, aswithout没有，是with的反义词。 Man can t live without air and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。Please give me a cup of coffee with（without）milk.请给我一杯（不）加牛奶的咖啡。like像一样Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。 Nancy looks like her mother.（南希和她妈妈长得一样。）用look时，强调外表。as作为He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一

25、个科学家而闻名。The room is dirty as usual. 这房间像平时一样脏。（4）against, aboutagainst反对；靠着He is against the plan（Li Ming）.他反对这个计划。（他反对李明）The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。about 关于；各处；身旁 Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。 I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。about 询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议 Wh

26、at about your sister? 你姐姐情况如何？ How about going to the park? 去公园怎么样？考向4 介词短语1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后3 at first 起先，首先 4 at the age of. 在岁时5 at the end of.在之末 6 at the beginning of. 在之初7 at the foot of. 在脚下 8 at the same time 同时9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助11 with the help

27、of . 在的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容13 with one s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the

28、way 顺便说25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of. 到底为止27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上30 in one s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙 32 in the middle of 在中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众，公开地36 in order to 为了 37 in front of 在前面38 in the sun 在阳

29、光下 39 in the end 最后，终于40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿46 on one s way to 某人在去的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边52 on the other side of 在另一边 53

30、 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)54 to one s joy 使高兴的是 55 to one s surprise 使惊讶的是【注意】表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上last Monday上周一every week每周【注意】for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。【比较】within和in。within强调在时间之内，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于

31、将来时。时间介词巧记歌年月周前要用 in， 日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on， 上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午， 用 on 换 in 才能行。午夜黄昏用 at， 黎明用它也不错。at 也在时分前， 说差用 to，说过要用past。1.【2020·辽宁朝阳市·】My parents often go to the movies _ Saturday evenings.AinBatConDby2.【2020·广西河池市】I think the mooncake will taste better _some meat in it.AforBfromCafterDwi

32、th3.【2020·山东济南市】-What time do you usually get up on weekends?I usually get up at 6:30 _the morning.AforBatConDin4.【2020·西藏】Music makes our life colourful, and helps us to relax. _, English songs can also help us learn English.AExceptBBesidesCAsDBut5.【2020·湖南株洲市】The opening of our new

33、school will be _the morning of Friday, July 24th at 10:00.AatBinCon6.【2020·广西百色市】Hong Kong is_ the south of China, and it's one of the busiest cities in the world.AinBonCatDto7.【2020·内蒙古呼和浩特市】She said_ tears in eyes on stage, "I have been lucky, but I've had my share of heartb

34、reak _the way".Awith; inBwith; alongCin; alongDin; by8.【2020·辽宁阜新市】Today many foreigners enjoy working or studying _ China.AtoBbyConDin9.【2020·广西柳州市】The bridge near our school was built_ 1998.AupBofCin10.【2020·江苏南通市】My uncles reviews on the four great classical Chinese novels may

35、 be published _ the summer of 2021.AinBonCatDfor1.China sent up the final satellite of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统) from Xichang Satellite Center_ June 23,2020.AatBinCtoDon2.Eight members of a Chinese team arrived _the top of Mount Qomolangma successfully.AinBatCto3.We arrived _New Y

36、ork _a sunny morning.Ain; onBat; inCin; in4. Jack, can you swim _ the river? I don't think I can. It's too wide for me.AoverBacrossCthrough5.We have a geography lesson _ three o'clock _ Thursday afternoon.Aat; inBin; inCon; onDat; on6. Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February. H

37、ubei is far from Heilongjiang. Its _ the south of China, _ the south of Henan.Ain；toBon；toCin；on7.The Ninth Xichang Dragon Boat Race was held _June 9th last year. Many people watched it _TV.Ain; onBin; inCon; onDon; in8.More villagers will move to new houses _2021.AinBonCatDfor9How long have you had the cellphone, Kangkang?Ive had it_ two months. It helps me a lot.AforBsinceCinDon10.The accident happened _ a cold morning but luckily, no one was injured.AatBonCin