《中考英语总复习》秘籍13 阅读理解（二）-2021年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）.doc

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1、秘笈13 阅读理解（二）考向1 阅读理解之议论文议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。二、解题方法：一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨 标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。

2、议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总分总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。 二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解 除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足

3、点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。 三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图 做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究

4、使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的潜台词。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。 四、多读多背，扩大

5、词汇量，掌握猜词技巧 由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。 总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路

6、和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。考向2 阅读理解之应用文一、文章类型阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。二、满分技巧解答广告图表类题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目。纵观历年各省市的中考题可以看出广告图表类的文章在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重，一般四篇阅读理解中至少有一篇是广告图表类。广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列。1忌主观印象。少数题目可能根据生活常识就可选出答案，而绝大多数不是这样，甚至常常会常识相距甚远。因此，同学们在做题时，要严格

7、按照文章来选择答案，在文章中找到确实的证据再判断答案。2忌一个词一个词默读，或在难懂的地方磨蹭。考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度，因此做阅读理解时，要采用提高阅读速度的视读，并提高自己的视读速度，切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。考生在阅读应用文这类材料时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。A【2020·南昌市第二十八中学九年级期中】If you're reading this right now, you are

8、 probably interested in learning English as a second language. But these days, fewer college students in the United States are studying foreign languages themselves.The Modem Language Association(MLA) is a group in the US that tracks language studies. It has found that the number of US college stude

9、nts who were studying a foreign language dropped by 9 percent from 2013 to 2016. And the number is still smaller and smaller.One reason for this could be that students don't think mastering(掌握) a foreign language is practical. After the global financial crash(金融危机) of 2008, many students have ch

10、osen majors(专业) that are "safer" for finding jobs. These include majors like business management and nursing.Also, college students have more choices these days. There are many majors now, such as digital arts(数字艺术), that we didn't have in the past. with more choices than before, stude

11、nts are less likely to choose foreign languages.But failing to learn a second language could take away potential(潜在的) job chances for US students in the future. As countries within the global economy become more connected, they will need more foreign language speakers."The reality of the 21st c

12、entury job market is that Americans will be compared for a jobthey will be compared to a multilingual candidate(掌握多种语言的候选人)," Clayton Lewis wrote for US Newes.1What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?_AMany people are learning English as a second language.BIt's interesting to study English as

13、a second language.CFewer college students are learning foreign languages.DCollege students can't learn foreign languages by themselves.2What can we mainly get from Paragraph 3 & 4?_AThe reasons why fewer students study second language.BThe influence that the global financial crash has on Stu

14、dents' major choosing.CDigital arts is the popular choice among college students these years.DLanguage learning is not a "safe" major anymore.3What can we infer(推断) according to the last two paragraphs?_ANot being able to speak a second language is a failure.BIt will be easy for Americ

15、ans to find jobs in the future.CCountries all over the world are more connected now.DMastering a second language is important.4What's the best title of this passage?_ALess Language LearningBLanguage Learning Influences Jobs GettingCLearning a Foreign LanguageDThe Importance of Choosing MajorsB【2

16、020·南通市启秀中学九年级月考】“Im bored.” You may turn your nose up at（对嗤之以鼻） the words when a child says so. In fact, boredom is generally viewed as an unpleasant emotional state. How can anyone claim boredom when theres so much that can and should be done?But boredom is something to experience. Despite th

17、e lesson most adults tell youboredom is for boring peopleboredom is useful. Its good for you.If kids dont figure this out early on, theyre in for（免不了遭受） a not-so-pleasant surprise in the future. Life isnt meant to be full of amusements（乐趣）.“Thats right,” a mother says to her daughter in the novel Wh

18、ered You Go, Bernadette. “You are bored. And Im going to let you in on a little secret about life. You think its boring now? Well, it only gets more boring. The sooner you learn its on you to make life interesting, the better off youll be.”People used to accept that much of life was boring. But thin

19、gs happen when youre bored. Once youve truly felt bored, you find yourself on the route to discovery. This is why so many useful ideas occur in the shower, when youre held captive（被困住）to a routine activity. You let your mind wander and follow it where it goes.Of course, its not really the boredom it

20、self thats important; its what we do with it, when you reach your breaking point, boredom teaches you to make something happen for yourself.Teaching children to endure boredom will prepare them for a more realistic future. One day, even in a job they otherwise love, our kids may have to check spread

21、sheets（电子数据表）, or assist robots at a vast Internet-ready warehouse.This sounds boring, you might conclude. It sounds like work, and it sounds like life. Perhaps we should get used to boredom again, and use it to our benefit.1It is widely believed that_.Afeeling bored is good for us childrenBone wont

22、 feel bored with much finishedCa child who is unpleasant will feel boredDboredom is a signal of negative feeling2What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to?_AThe benefit of boredom.BThe causes of boredom.CThe existence of boredom.DThe problems of boredom.3According to the p

23、assage, when can we most probably come up with new ideas?_AWhen we are devoted to our work.BWhen we are prepared for discovery.CWhen we spend a whole day on daily task.DWhen we do whatever we want.4The passage is intended to tell us to _.Alive with boredomBdeal with boredomCget rid of boredomDmake l

24、ife interestingC【2020·长沙市开福区青竹湖湘一外国语学校九年级开学考试】 Looking for Seasonal WorkersAre you looking for a fun way to work through the holiday season?We are looking for people who. Are friendly and engaging Work well with others Love to meet new people Bring joy to the workplace Love to help others find

25、solutions Love to learn and grow If this is you, Apply in Person at:2525 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, CO 80302(Opportunities in Boulder, Broomfield, and Westminster!)1If you want to get the job, you should _.Agive a callBwrite an e-mailCvisit the shop in person2Grand rabbit's Toy Shoppe will offer the

26、 following things EXCEPT _.Aexcellent training and free lunch.Binteresting and valuable working experience.Ca family-like team with cheers and laughter.3From the poster above, we can know that _.Athe applicants (求职者) must be creative and outgoing.Bapplicants are required to have at least 3 years'

27、; experience.CGrand rabbit's Toy Shoppe is looking for someone who can take on a full-time job.D【2020·许昌市第一中学九年级其他模拟】Part-time Translator WantedIf you are excellent in English and Chinese, and your ability to translate between them is very good;you are a third-year or fourth-year Bachelor o

28、r a Master;your working time is flexible;you want to practice and learn more before going to work;you want to work with one of the world's leading technical services providers as a part-time translator.Call Ms. Zhao at 61408662 if you need more information.Wait for you !Share ApartmentQuiet and

29、convenient, fully finished, with 4 park view.$45 per week including bills of the phone and power.Female, non-smokers, no pet.Helen, 60231994 or 60230454.SaleArmchairs, a set of 4, brown, $160;A coffee table, black, fine wood, $20;A Turkish carpet, dark blue, $320;A fridge, big, double doors, $350;Ol

30、d books, $10 each.Tel:Weekday 57222061;Weekend 57222511.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1What does Ms. Zhao want to do?_AShe wants to find another lady to share the apartment.BShe wants to sell her apartment.CShe wants to find a part-time translator.DShe wants to sell some old things.2If you want to get a job as a par

31、t-time translator, you should_.Abe excellent in English and ChineseBbe a third-year or fourth-year Bachelor or a MasterChave flexible working timeDA, B and C3.If you want to rent an apartment, which of the following numbers should you call?_A57222511.B60231994.C61408662.D57222061.4If you want to buy

32、 the dark blue Turkish carpet and 6 old books, how much should you pay?_A$380.B$350.C$570.D$320.5Which of the following is TRUE?_AYou can take your pet dog to live with Helen.BYou have to learn more before working as a part-time translator.CThere are two bedrooms in the apartment.DThere is a good vi

33、ew outside the apartment.ACloth face coverings are an important step to help slow the spread of COVID-19 in public settings. Children under age 2, or anyone who has trouble breathing shouldnt use cloth face coverings. #1_·Wash your hands before putting on your face covering. ·Put it over y

34、our nose and mouth and cover your chin. ·Try to fit it against the sides of your face. ·Make sure you can breathe easily. #2_·Wear a face covering to help protect yourself and others. ·Keep the covering on your face the time youre in public. ·Dont put the covering around you

35、r neck or up on your forehead. ·Dont touch the face covering, and, if you do, wash your hands. #3_·Stay at least 6 feet away from others. ·Avoid contact with people who are sick. ·Wash your hands often, with soap and water, for at least 20 seconds each time. #4_·Untie the st

36、rings behind your head or stretch the ear loops. ·Handle only by the ear loops or ties. ·Be careful not to touch your eyes, nose, and mouth when removing and wash hands immediately after removing. Word Bankchin下巴 contact接触 loop环状物根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1Who are required not to wear cloth face coveri

37、ngs according to the text?_AThe teachers.BThe newborn babies.CThe workers.DThe bus drivers.2Which picture shows the right way to wear the cloth face covering?_ABCD3Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?_ABreathing is the first to think while wearing cloth face covering.BKeep the cover

38、ing on your face when you feel comfortable in public.CTouch your eyes before washing hands.DVisit your sick family member often in hospital.4What is the proper title for #1, #2, #3 and #4 separately?_a. Use the Face Covering to Protect Othersb. Follow Everyday Health Habitsc. Take Off Your Cloth Fac

39、e Covering Carefully, When Youre Homed. Wear Your Face Covering CorrectlyAd-a-b-cBa-d-b-cCd-b-a-cDc-a-b-d5In which section of a website would you probably read the text?_ACulture.BHealth.CEvents.DNews.BHere are some superheroes in the fight against COVID-19 (新冠肺炎). Let's come close to them and r

40、emember them.Zhong Nanshan(1936.10)He is one of the famous medical scientistsin the 21stcentury. Dr. Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person. He is agood doctor in the countrymen's eyes and respected by all Chinese people.Li Lanjua

41、n (1947.09)When COVID-19 broke out, she suggested that Wuhan should be locked down immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. She headed for Wuhan and took an active part in the battle. Now, she still receives patients every day.Wang Yong (1985.12)As a delivery (快递) driver, he volunteered to

42、support the medical staff in Wuhan during the epidemic (疫情). He tried his best to keep life going for the doctors and nurses. Time magazine has put on its cover, presenting the courage and hard work of common people.Li Wenliang (1985.102020.02)He is the first doctor to warn people how dangerous the

43、virus could be at the end of last December, so people call him the "whistle-blower (吹哨人). Because of COVID-19, he lost his life on February 7 th, 2020. People across the country were sad to hear about his death.1Who is the oldest of the four people?_AWang Yong.BZhong Nanshan.CLi Lanjuan.DLi Wen

44、liang.2How many of them are doctors in the passage?_AOne.BTwo.CThree.DFour.3When did Li Wenliang warn people the danger of the virus?_AAt the end of last December.BAt the beginning of 2019.COn January 25th, 2020.DOn February 7th, 2020.4What did Wang Yong do during the epidemic?_AHe drew a cover for

45、Time Magazine.BHe was busy with his own business.CHe wrote an article to Time magazine.DHe volunteered to support to the doctors and nurses to keep their life going.5Which statement is not true according to the passage?_AWang Yong is a delivery driver.BLi Wenliang died on February 7 th, 2020.CTime m

46、agazine has put Li Lanjuan on its cover to praise the courage of Chinese people.DZhong Nanshan told the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person.CAfter years of observing human nature, I have decided the two qualities that make the difference between men of great achievement

47、and men of average performance are curiosity and discontent（不满足）. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fal