《中考英语总复习》考点03 数词和主谓一致-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）.doc

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1、考点三 数词和主谓一致一、数词命题趋势： 数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 基数词；2. 序数词；3. 分数。数词的分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。考向一：基数词的构成(1)012单独记。如： zero, one, two, three等。(2)1319的词尾都是teen。如：fourteen, seventeen等，但13thirteen，15fifteen，18eight

2、een需要特殊记。(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20twenty，30thirty，40forty，50fifty，80eighty等。(4)几十几要加连字符号-。48forty-eight, 97ninety-seven等。(5)几百几十或者几百几十几在百后加and。156one hundred and fifty-six, 509five hundred and nine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作million(百万)，第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)，hundred后

3、莫忘and。3,610three thousand six hundred and ten；94,295ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five；考向二：序数词的构成first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thfifth 5thsixth 6thseventh 7theighth 8thninth 9thtenth 10theleventh 11thtwelfth 12ththirteenth 13thfourteenth 14thfifteenth 15thsixteenth 16thseventeent

4、h 17theighteenth 18thnineteenth 19thtwentieth 20thtwenty-first 21sttwenty-second 22ndthirtieth 30thfortieth 40thfiftieth 50thsixtieth 60thseventieth 70theightieth 80thninetieth 90thhundredth 100thone hundred and first 101st(1)第一、第二、第三分别是first, second, third。(2)第四到第十九除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特

5、殊的拼写外，其余的都在相应基数词后面加th构成。如：fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加-eth。如：thirtythirtieth; fiftyfiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twenty-onetwenty-first; one hundred and oneone hundred and first。基数词变序数词记忆口诀基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。八去t，九除e，ve要用f

6、替，ty将y变成i，th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie，要是遇上两位数，十位基数，个位序，th最后加上去。考向三：分数的表达法 分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是1的情况外，序数词都要用复数。1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourth 四分之三英语分数巧记英语分数不费事，母序子基四个字。分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。【典例】【2020·辽宁

7、丹东】The words from Page 1 to Page 3 are very clear. But the ones on the _ page are not.A. firstB. twoC. threeD. fourth考向四：数词和主谓一致1. 就近一致原则。2. 意义一致原则。3. 语法一致原则。【典例】【2020·湖北鄂州中考】Because of the special situation this year, about _ of the students in our school _ having classes on the Internet at ho

8、me.A. two thirds; areB. two third; isC. second thirds; areD. two thirds; is主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。主语从句非谓语，many a再加more than one，谓语动词均用单。or，nor，but also，there be，近主原则挂嘴边。主语neither，either，one，谓语总是用三单。主语虽有and连，and后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三。时间、价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看。no

9、，each，every后用单，两件/种事物/情系一概念。二、主谓一致命题趋势：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。 中考考查重点： 主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。考向一：主谓一致的三个原则1. 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词

10、的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。【典例】【2020 四川达州】Ma Yun as well as Ren zhengfei _ tons of attention wherever they go.Yeah, they are very successful. We believe that struggle(奋斗) creates history and hard work makes a _

11、 future. A. gets; brightly B. get; bright C. gets; bright D. get; brightly2. 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。These books are old. 这些书是旧的。【典例】【2020 黑龙江绥化】My family _ for dinner now. We're busy. A. is preparing B are preparing C. prepares3. 就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连

12、词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。【典例】【2020 辽宁营口】Not only Jim but also Lucy _ a few cities since they came to China. A. will visitB. visitedC. have visitedD. has visited 【知识归纳】含义例句语法一致指的是主语

13、为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由

14、两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。考向二：并列结构作主语由and或both. and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both bread and m

15、ilk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考向三：名词+介词短语作主语名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playi

16、ng computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。考向四：不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。Neither p

17、arent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗？ Something is wrong with my watch.

18、 我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。【典例】【2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔】To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their teacher _ going to the party this evening.A. was B. are C. is考向五：There be和Here be的就近原则There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books

19、 on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。【典例】【2020 上海】There_ more than two ways to solve this maths problem.A.am B. is C. are D.be考向六：特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engels was

20、 good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2. the+形容词作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn.

21、 物理对我来讲很难学。The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。考向七：表数量概念的词或

22、短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单

23、数。There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. one and a half+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。5. the rest of. 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of t

24、he bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。6. none of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。7. a number of+名词复数表示许多/大量的，其后的谓语动词用复数；the number of+名词复数表示的数量，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。The number of

25、 the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8. a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。考向八：动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doing morning exercises i

26、s good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。【典例】【2020江苏常州】To the west of our school_ some bookstores and a park.A. lies B. lie C. has D. have【辨析】其他情况例句and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语

27、指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。Mike with his father

28、 has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。the number of+复数名词作主语谓语用单数; a(good/large) number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天

29、都出席了，有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被a kind of/a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。当not only. but also.，not. but.，or，either

30、. or.，neither. nor.等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。The company has grown rapidly in t

31、he last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。谓语动词只用单数的情况主语抽象表单一，集体名词整体看；and连接两名词，或人或物不可分；every，each以及no，并用and连名词；三eneither不定代，所构合成正式单；news，means，works，貌似复数实则单；还有ics结尾学科词，国，书，

32、剧名兼格言；时重长度与价值，主单不受随行控；many，more than连单数，名词数量一个半，谓语单数不多看。谓语动词可单可复的语法原则可单可复有8类，集体名词一大类，看作整体用单数，个体单看用复数；不定代词疑问词，部分、半数及剩余，这些作主看内容，该单该复看含义；The加分词形容词，指人一定是复数，若与分词指抽象，仍用单数莫迟疑；one of引导定从句，修饰复数是真的，若有the only在前头，从句指的是单一；人口数目与比例，大多、种类作主语；许多、分数、百分数，是单是复看意义；四则运算很随意。谓语动词用复数的情况人们加警察，家禽并牛群，常作复数没问题；服装鞋袜及手套，自然全是用复数。I

33、. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. There are _(seven) days in a week. The _(seven) day is Saturday.2. What does the fresh juice contain?Four fifths of the juice _(be) orange. Its very pure.3. Now the students each _(have) an English-Chinese dictionary.4. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _(be) g

34、ood at drawing.5. Every year, _(thousand) of books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.II. 单项选择。1. A number of boys _ singing songs. The number of boys _ getting larger and larger. Aare； is Bis； are Cis； is Dare； are2. Andy, with his parents, _ to Hong Kong, and they will stay the

35、re for a week. Ahave goneBhas goneChave been Dhas been3. How much _ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough. Ais； is Bis； are Care；is Dare； are4. Li Ming will be _. His parents are going to have a party for _ birthday.A sixteen； sixteenthBsixteenth； sixteenthCsixteen； sixteenDsixteenth； sixteen5.

36、Please pass me _ book on the right.A. fourB. fourthC. the fourD. the fourth1. (2020·辽宁丹东中考) Fresh water _ more important than anything else.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. (2020·贵州安顺) As we all know, using public chopsticks_ necessary when we eat with others.A.isB. areC. was3. (2020·甘肃天水)

37、Not only Jim but also his sister _ a few cities in the south since they came to China.A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits4. (2020·四川广元中考) Tom, together with his friends, often to the old peoples home to cheer the old up.A. go B. going C. goes5. （2020·黑龙江牡丹江市） The talent sho

38、w Youth With You（青春有你）is becoming hotter and hotter online. Exactly. Half of our class interested in it recently. A. is B. are C. was 6. （2020·黑龙江大庆）On the left of the playground _ the library. There _ many books and computers in it. A. are; isB. is; areC. are; areD. is; is7. (2020·广西百色) T

39、he environment here becomes better and better. _ birds are coming back.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Thousand D. Thousands of8. (2020·江苏镇江中考) Peng Min finally became the winner of _ season of CCTV's Chinese Poetry Conference.A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifths9. (2020·四川达州中考)Its said t

40、hat the two _ doctors have just come back from Wuhan. Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their _. A. woman; sixty B. women; sixtieth C. women; sixties D. woman; sixties10. (2020·贵州黔东南) Dear, how is your homework going? Oh, mom, I've just finished _ of it.A. second threeB. two third

41、C. second threesD. two thirdsI. 单项选择。1. 【2020 安徽省芜湖市九年级毕业暨升学模拟考试（三）】The number of students in our school _ 620 and a number of them _ from the same village.A. is, isB. are, areC. is, areD. are, is2.【2020 上海市长宁区、金山区一模】Not only Tom but also Gail fond of watching football games every summer.Ais Bare Cw

42、as Dwere3.【2020 广东珠海市北大附属实验中学九年级上学期10月调研】Not only Toms parents but also Tom _ traveling is a good way to experience different cultures. So do I.A. thinksB. thinkC. doesnt thinkD. dont think4.【2019 山东青岛市集团校联考初中学生学业水平模拟考试】The number of the students in my class _ fifty. A large number of them _ from the countryside.Ais, are Bis, is Care, is Dare, are5.【2019 山东省蒙阴县九年级下学期期中测试一轮考试英语试题】There_ a basketball game between these two grades in the gym this afternoon.Awill Bis going to have Cis going to be Dwill have6.【2020 天津河西区模拟】How old